East African Economic Integration

Joseph S. Nye Jr

doi:10.1017/S0022278X00001403

East African Economic Integration

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 November 2008

Joseph S. Nye Jr

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In 1961, a Nigerian newspaper commented, with reference to the economic integration of East Africa, ‘these three States have stolen a march on the older African States. They have achieved one of the main objectives of pan-African nationalism, without tears.’1 Two years later the leaders of Tanganyika, Uganda, and Kenya announced their intention of going beyond economic integration by forming a federation. If this comes about, economic integration will have led to political integration, but at the same time Africa will be deprived of a chance of testing the viability of economic and administrative unions that stop short of federation. Whatever the outcome, the experience of East Africa will be of great importance, not only to African leaders concerned with the economic development of relatively small States, but also to economic and political theorists.

Type: Articles
Information: The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 1 , Issue 4 , December 1963 , pp. 475 - 502

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00001403 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1963

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^{Page 475 note 1} Nigeria Daily Times quoted in Uganda Argus, 13 July 1961.

^{Page 475 note 2} See, for example, U.N. Economic Commission for Africa, ‘Approaches to African Economic Integration’, 7 May 1963, an abbreviated version of which was published in this Journal, 1, 3, September 1963. Throughout my article I use the board sense of economic integration gien by Balassa, Bela, The Theory of Economic Integration (London, 1962), i.e. the abolition of ‘discrimination between economic units belonging to different national states’ (p. 1).Google Scholar

^{Page 476 note 1} Kibaki, M., ‘Kenya and Pan-Africanism’, in Spearhead (Dar es Salaam), 04/05 1963.Google Scholar

^{Page 476 note 2} Haas, E., The Uniting of Europe (London, 1958);Google ScholarEtzioni, A., ‘A Paradigm for the Study of Political Unification’, in World Politics (Princeton), 10 1962,Google Scholar and ‘The Dialectics of Supranational Unification’, in The American Political Science Review (Washington), 12 1962.Google Scholar

^{Page 476 note 3} Haas, E., op.cit. p. xv.Google Scholar

^{Page 478 note 1} See The Future of the East Africa High Commission Services (London, 1961), Cmnd. 1433.Google Scholar

^{Page 478 note 2} Zanzibar is not a member of E.A.C.S.O., although she participates in four services: Income Tax Collection, the Directorate of Civil Aviation, the Meteorological Department, and the Marine Fisheries Research Organisation. She applied for full membership in 1962, but her application had not been accepted by the time she was invited to join the Working Party on Federation in July 1963.

^{Page 478 note 3} Tanganyika Parlimentary Debates, 10 October 1961.

^{Page 479 note 1} E.A.C.S.O., Report of the Africanisation Commission (Nairobi, 1963), p. 4.Google Scholar

^{Page 479 note 2} Hailey, Lord, An African Survey. Revised 1956 (Oxford, 1957), p. 189.Google Scholar

^{Page 479 note 3} Uganda, Proceedings of the Legislative Council, 21 September 1959.

^{Page 480 note 1} E.A.C.S.O., Annual Report, 1962 (Nairobi); East African Airways Corporation, Report and Accounts, 1962 (Nairobi).Google Scholar

^{Page 480 note 2} Report of the Africanisation Commission, p. 4.

^{Page 480 note 3} E.A.C.S.O., 1963–64 Estimates (Nairobi).

^{Page 480 note 4} East African High Commission, A Decade of Service (Nairobi, 1958).

^{Page 481 note 11} Proceedings of the E.A. High Commission, 29th Meeting, 26 November 1959.

^{Page 482 note 1} East Africa. Report of the Economic and Fiscal Commission (London, 1961), Cmnd. 1279.Google Scholar

^{Page 482 note 2} Uganda, Proceedings of the Legislative Council, 16 May 1961; Kenya, Legislatie Council Debates, 16 May and 6 07 1961.

^{Page 482 note 3} Cmnd. 1279, p.7; also quoted in International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The Economic Development of Uganda (Baltimare, 1961), p. 68. See also B. Balassa, op. cit., for further reading.

^{Page 482 note 4} Restriction on the movement of certain agricultural goods are the most important deviations, though there are also restrictions on the re-export of certain Japanese goods from Kenya.

^{Page 483 note 1} Viner, Jacob, The Customs Union Issue (New York, 1950), pp. 44 and 70.Google Scholar

^{Page 483 note 2} Customs, E. A., Annual Trade Report, 1949 (Nairobi), pp. 23 ff.;Google Scholar E.A.C.S.O., Economic and Statistical Review (Nairobi June 1963, Table D 19).

^{Page 484 note 1} Cmnd. 1279, pp.17 and 19; Kennedy, T. A., ‘The East African Customs Union: some features of its history and operation’, in Makerere Journal (Kampala), 3, 1959.Google Scholar

^{Page 484 note 2} Lomas, P. K., ‘The Report of the East Africa Economic and Fiscal Commission’, in The East African Economics Review, 06 1961.Google Scholar

^{Page 484 note 3} E.A.C.S.O., Economic and Statistical Review, June 1963, Table D 17.

^{Page 484 note 4} I.B.R.D., The Economic Development of Tanganyika (Baltimore, 1960), p. 238.Google Scholar

^{Page 485 note 1} SirCrawford, Frederick, Association of Chambers of Commerce and Industry of Eastern Africa, 1961 (Kampala) Session (Nairobi), p. 5.Google Scholar

^{Page 485 note 2} Colony and Protectorate of Kenya and Uganda Protectorate, Annual Trade Report, 1922; Tanganyika Territory, Tanganyika Trade Report, 1922; Tanganyika Statistical Abstract, 1938–51, pp. 17 and 18; E.A.C.S.O., Economic and Statistical Review, June 1963, Table D 19.

^{Page 485 note 3} Stewart, Ian, ‘Customs Union in East and Central Africa’, in Scottish Journal of Political Economy (Edinburgh), 02 1962.Google Scholar

^{Page 485 note 4} Brown, A. J., ‘Economic Separatism Versus a Common Market in Developing Countries’, in Yorkshire Bulletin of Economic and Social Research (Hull), 04 1961, pp. 38 ff.Google Scholar

^{Page 485 note 5} Massell, B. F., ‘Industrialization and Economic Union in Greater East Africa’, in The East African Economics Review, 12 1962.Google Scholar

^{Page 486 note 1} See articles by Walker, D. and Nyhart, J. D. in The East African Economics Review during 1959, concerning thr limited industrial opportunities in Uganda alone.Google Scholar

^{Page 486 note 2} Haddon-Cave, C. P., ‘Real Growth of the East African Territories, 1954–1960’, in The East African Economics Review, June 1961, and ensuring notes; Lomas, op.cit.Google Scholar

^{Page 486 note 3} East African Standard, 18 May 1960. See also, for instance, the speeches of K. A. Abedi, A. E. Obone, and J. M. Okae in the C.L.A., May 1962, and Joseph Nyerere in May 1963.

^{Page 486 note 4} Brown, A. J., ‘Customs Union Versus Economic Separatism in Developing Countries’, in Yorkshire Bulletin, 11 1961, p. 88.Google Scholar

^{Page 486 note 5} Ord, H. W., ‘East African Companies’, in The East African Economics Review, 06 1960, p. 47.Google Scholar

^{Page 486 note 6} The Economic Development of Kenya, p. 106.

^{Page 487 note 1} Cmnd. 1279, p. 25.

^{Page 487 note 2} The Economic Development of Uganda, pp. 73–4.

^{Page 487 note 3} Kenya Trade and Supplies Bulletin (Nairobi), 03 1963, p. 97.Google Scholar

^{Page 487 note 4} The Economic Development of Tanganyika, pp. 133–4.

^{Page 488 note 1} ‘The Economic Implications of East African Federation. Report by a United Nations Technical Assistance Mission to the Government of Tanganyika’, June 1962, mimeographed, pp. 16–17.

^{Page 488 note 2} E.g. statement by DrSchellenberg, H. of C.I.B.A. in Tanganyika Standard, 19 May 1961.Google Scholar

^{Page 488 note 3} T. A. Kennedy writing in the Uganda Argus, 9 March 1961.

^{Page 489 note 1} Etzioni, A., ‘The Dialectics of Supranational Unification’, p. 933.Google Scholar

^{Page 489 note 2} East Africa and Rhodesia (London), 20 09 1962.Google Scholar

^{Page 492 note 1} Cmnd. 1279, p. 29.

^{Page 493 note 1} East African Standard, 25 April 1963.

^{Page 493 note 2} Proceedings of the Central Legislative Assembly, May 1963.

^{Page 493 note 3} Tanganyika Standard, 6 March 1963.

^{Page 494 note 1} Southall, A. W., ‘Population Movements in East Africa’, in Barbour, K. M. (ed.), Essays on African Population (London, 1961), p. 173; see also ‘The Economic Implications of East African Federation’.Google Scholar

^{Page 494 note 2} East African Standard, 13 May 1963.

^{Page 494 note 3} Tanganyika Standard, 6 December 1962.

^{Page 495 note 1} Tanganyika Information Service Press Release, 17 January 1962.

^{Page 495 note 2} Sunday News (Dar es Salaam), 21 05 1961.Google Scholar

^{Page 495 note 3} Proceedings of the Central Legislative Assembly, 28 August 1962.

^{Page 496 note 1} E. A. High Commission, 31st Meeting, 23 November 1960.

^{Page 496 note 2} Kenya, Legislative Council Debates, 16 July 1961.

^{Page 496 note 3} Tanganyika Information Service Press Release, 15 December 1961.

^{Page 496 note 4} E.A.C.S.O., Annual Report, 1962.

^{Page 496 note 5} East African Standard, 3 May 1963.

^{Page 497 note 1} Uganda Argus, 16 December 1963.

^{Page 497 note 2} Proceedings of the Central Legislative Assembly, 8 May 1963.

^{Page 497 note 3} This explanation is not incompatiable with the fact that E.A.C.S.O. has few executives powers. Even gathering and disseminating information involves decisions. One Ugandan once complained to me about the way ‘Nairobi’ drew up the mailing list.

^{Page 498 note 1} Cheif Establishment Officer, interiew, July 1963.

^{Page 499 note 1} Proceedings of the Central Legislative Assembly, 23 May 1962.

^{Page 500 note 1} Kenya may develop the Tana River plant in any case, owing to disagreement with the economic calculations on which the I.B.R.D. recommendation was based.

^{Page 500 note 2} Uganda Argus, 6 June 1962.

^{Page 500 note 3} Uganda, Proceedings of the National Assembly, 30 July 1962.

^{Page 500 note 4} Notes on U.P.C. Second Annual Conference, August 1962, by courtesy of Dr C. J. Gertzel.

^{Page 501 note 1} Adu, A. L., interview, 22 May 1963.Google Scholar

^{Page 501 note 2} Proceedings of the Central Legislative Assembly, 6 April 1960.

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