Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T11:15:58.406Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Numerical Study of Inlet and Geometry Effects on Discharge Coefficients for Liquid Jet Emanating From a Plain-Orifice Atomizer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2011

Chun-Lang Yeh
Chun-Lang Yeh*
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, National Huwei Institute of Technology, Huwei, Yunlin, Taiwan, 632, R.O.C.
*
* Assistant Professor
Get access

Abstract

A computational model for flow in a plain-orifice atomizer is established to examine the inlet and geometry effects on discharge coefficients. The volume of fluid (VOF) method with finite volume formulation was employed to capture the liquid/gas interface. A continuum Surface Force (CSF) model was adopted to model the surface tension. The body-fitted coordinate system was used to facilitate the configuration of the atomizer. The influences of the inlet chamfer angle, the orifice length/diameter ratio, the Reynolds number, and the inlet turbulence intensity are analyzed. It is found that the optimum discharge coefficient occurs at a chamfer angle of about 50°. The discharge coefficient at first increases with the increase in the orifice length/diameter ratio and then it decreases. The discharge coefficient increases with the increase in the Reynolds number up to Re = 40000, after which it remains sensibly constant. The influence of the inlet turbulence intensity on discharge coefficient is not significant, especially for a longer orifice.

Keywords

Plain-orifice atomizerDischarge coefficientVOF methodCSF method
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Mechanics , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , September 2002 , pp. 153 - 161
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, R.O.C. 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Lefebvre, A. H., Atomization and Sprays, Hemisphere, New York (1989).Google Scholar
2Chen, S. K. and Lefebvre, A. H., “Discharge Coefficients for Plain-Orifice Effervescent Atomizers,” Atomization and Sprays, 4, pp. 275–290 (1994).Google Scholar
3Chen, S. K. and Lefebvre, A. H., “Spray Cone Angles of Effervescent Atomizers,” Atomization and Sprays, 4, pp. 291–301 (1994).Google Scholar
4Ruiz, F. and Chigier, N., “Parametric Experiments on Liquid Jet Atomization Spray Angle,” Atomization and Sprays, 1, pp. 23–45 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Ohrn, T. R., Senser, D. W. and Lefebvre, A. H., “Geometrical Effects on Discharge Coefficients for Plain-Orifice Atomizers,” Atomization and Sprays, 1, pp. 137–153 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Ohrn, T. R., Senser, D. W. and Lefebvre, A. H., “Geometric Effects on Spray Cone Angle for Plain-Orifice Atomizers,” Atomization and Sprays, 1, pp. 253–268 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Tamaki, N., Shimizu, M. and Hiroyasu, H., “Enhancement of the Atomization of a Liquid Jet by Cavitation in a Nozzle Hole,” Atomization and Sprays, 11, pp. 125–137 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Hiroyasu, H., “Spray Breakup Mechanism from the Hole-Type Nozzle and Its Applications,” Atomization and Sprays, 10, pp. 511–527 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Tamaki, N., Shimizu, M., Nishida, K. and Hiroyasu, H., “Effects of Cavitation and Internal Flow on Atomization of a Liquid Jet,” Atomization and Sprays, 8, pp. 179–197 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Ferreira, M. E., Teixeira, C. F., Bates, C. J. and Bowen, P. J., “Detailed Investigation of the Influence of Fluid Viscosity on the Performance Characteristics of Plain-Orifice Effervescent Atomizers,” Atomization and Sprays, 11, pp. 107–124 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Wu, P. K., Miranda, R. F. and Faeth, G. M., “Effects of Initial Flow Conditions on Primary Breakup of Non-Turbulent and Turbulent Round Liquid Jets,” Atomization and Sprays, 5, pp. 175–196 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12He, L. and Ruiz, F., “Effect of Cavitation on Flow and Turbulence in Plain Orifices for High-Speed Atomization,” Atomization and Sprays, 5, pp. 569–584 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Sakman, A. T., Jog, M. A., Jeng, S. M. and Benjamin, M. A., “Parametric Study of Simplex Fuel Nozzle Internal Flow and Performance,” AIAA Journal, 38, pp. 1214–1218, July (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Jeng, S. M., Jog, M. A. and Benjamin, M. A., “Computational and Experimental Study of Liquid Sheet Emanating from Simplex Fuel Nozzle,” AIAA Journal, 36, pp. 201–207, February (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Yule, A. J. and Chinn, J. J., “Pressure Swirl Atomizer Internal Flow and Performance,” Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems: ILASS—Americas 1997, Inst. For Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Irvine, CA, pp. 205–209 (1997).Google Scholar
16Chinn, J. J. and Yule, A. J., “Computational Analysis of Swirl Atomizer Internal Flow,” Proceedings of ICLASS-‘97, Seoul, pp. 868–875, August (1997).Google Scholar
17Jang, C. and Choi, S., “CFD Evaluation of the Effect of Internal Flow on Spray Characteristics of High Pressure Swirl Injectors,” Eighth International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Pasadena, CA, USA, pp. 1192–1197, July (2000).Google Scholar
18Steinthorsson, E. and Lee, D. M., “Numerical Simulations of Internal Flow in a Simplex Atomizer,” Eighth International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Pasadena, CA, USA, pp. 324–331, July (2000).Google Scholar
19Harlow, F. H. and Welch, J. E., “Numerical Calculation of Time-Dependent Viscous Incompressible Flow of Fluid with Free Surface,” The Physics of Fluids, 8, pp. 2182–2189 (1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Vicelli, J. A., “A Method for Including Arbitrary External Boundaries in the MAC Incompressible Fluid Computing Technique,” Journal of Computational Physics, 4, pp. 543–551 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Chen, S., Johnson, D. B. and Raad, P. E., “Velocity Boundary Conditions for the Simulation of Free Surface Fluid Flow,” Journal of Computational Physics, 116, pp. 262–276 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Hirt, C. W. and Nichols, B. D., “Volume of Fluid (VOF) Method for the Dynamics of Free Boundaries,” Journal of Computational Physics, 39, pp. 201–225 (1981)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Ashgriz, N. and Poo, J. Y., “FLAIR: Flux Line-Segment Model for Advection and Interface Reconstruction,” Journal of Computational Physics, 93, pp. 449–468 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Crank, J., Fee and Moving Boundary Problems, Oxford University Press, New York (1984).Google Scholar
25Shyy, W., Udaykumar, H. S., Rao, M. M. and Smith, R. W., Computational Fluid Dynamics with Moving Boundaries, Taylor & Francis, Washington, D.C. (1996).Google Scholar
26Floryan, J. M. and Rasmussen, H., “Numerical Methods for Viscous Flows with Moving Boundaries,” Appl. Mech. Rev., 42, pp. 323–340 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Brackbill, J. U., Kothe, D. B. and Zemach, C., “A Continuum Method for Modeling Surface Tension,” Journal of Computational Physics, 100, pp. 335–354 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Launder, B. E. and Spalding, D. B., “The Numerical Computations of Turbulent Flows,” Computational Methods Applied Mechanical Engineering, 3, pp. 269–281 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Thompson, J. F., Warsi, Z. U. A. and Mastin, C. W., “VI. Elliptic Generation Systems,” Numerical Grid Generation, North-Holland, pp. 188–271 (1985).Google Scholar
30Van Doormaal, J. P. and Raithby, G. D., “Enhancements of the SIMPLE Method for Predicting Incompressible Fluid Flows,” Numerical Heat Transfer, 7, pp. 147–163 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Hayase, T., Humphrey, J. A. C. and Grief, R., “A Consistently Formulated QUICK Scheme for Fast and Stable Convergence Using Finite-Volume Iterative Calculation Procedures,” Journal of Computational Physics, 98, pp. 108–118 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Martin, J. C. and Moyce, W. J., “An Experimental Study of the Collapse of Liquid Columns on a Rigid Horizontal Plane,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser. A, 224, pp. 312–324 (1952).Google Scholar
33Spikes, R. H. and Pennington, G. A., “Discharge Coefficient of Small Submerged Orifices,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., 173, pp. 661–665 (1959).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34Koo, J. Y. and Martin, J. K., “Near-Nozzle Characteristics of a Transient Fuel Spray,” Atomization and Sprays, 5, pp. 107–121 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar