Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T04:21:12.846Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pore Formation in Solid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 March 2012

P. S. Wei ,
S. Y. Hsiao  and
S. S. Hsieh
P. S. Wei*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424, R.O.C.
S. Y. Hsiao
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424, R.O.C.
S. S. Hsieh
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424, R.O.C.
*
*Corresponding author ([email protected])
Get access

Abstract

The shapes of a growing or decaying bubble entrapped by a solidification front are predicted in this work. The bubble results from supersaturation of a dissolved gas in the liquid ahead of the solidification front. Pore formation and its shape in solid are one of the most critical factors affecting properties, microstructure, and stresses in materials. In this study, the bubble and pore shapes entrapped in solid can be described by a three-dimensional phase diagram, obtained from perturbation solutions of Young-Laplace equation governing the tiny bubble shape in the literature. The predicted growth and entrapment of a microbubble as a pore in solid are found to agree with experimental data. This work thus provides a realistic prediction of the general growth of the pore shape as a function of different working parameters.

Keywords

Pore formationBubble entrainmentPhase changeSolidification defectPorosity
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Mechanics , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 1 - 6
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, R.O.C. 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Devletian, J. H. and Wood, W. E., “Factors Affecting Porosity in Aluminum Welds—A Review,” Welding Research Council Bulletin, 290, pp. 1–18 (1983).Google Scholar
2. Kou, S., Welding Metallurgy, Wiley, New York (1987).Google Scholar
3. Zhao, H., White, D. R. and DebRoy, T., “Current Issues and Problems in Laser Welding of Automotive Aluminum Alloys,” International Materials Reviews, 44, pp. 238–266 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Ramirez, J. E., Han, B. and Liu, S., “Effect of Welding Variables and Solidification Substructure on Weld Metal Porosity,” Metallurgical Materials Transactions A, 25, pp. 2285–2294 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Kubo, K. and Pehlke, R. D., “Mathematical Modeling of Porosity Formation in Solidification,” Metallurgical Materials Transactions B, 16, pp. 359–366 (1985).Google Scholar
6. Lee, P. D., Chirazi, A. and See, D., , “Modeling Microporosity in Aluminum-Silicon Alloys: A Review,” Journal of Light Metals, 1, pp. 15–30 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Hardin, R. and Beckermann, C., “Effect of Porosity on the Stiffness of Cast Steel,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 38, pp. 2992–3006 (2007).Google Scholar
8. Oliete, P. B. and Peña, J. I., “Study of the Gas Inclusions in A12O3/Y3A15O12 and A12O3/ Y3A15O12/ZrO2 Eutectic Fibers Grown by Laser Floating Zone,” Journal of Crystal Growth, 304, pp. 514–519 (2007).Google Scholar
9. Jamgotchian, H., Trivedi, R. and Billia, B., “Interface Dynamics and Coupled Growth in Directional Solidification in Presence of Bubbles,” Journal of Crystal Growth, 134, pp. 181–195 (1993).Google Scholar
10. Nakajima, H., “Fabrication, Properties and Application of Porous Metals with Directional Pores,” Progress in Materials Science, 52, pp. 1091–1173 (2007).Google Scholar
11. Chalmers, B., How Water Freezes, Scientific American, 200, pp. 114–122 (1959).Google Scholar
12. Grigorenko, G. M., “Formation of Pores in Welds,” Avt Svarka, 10, pp. 12–17 (1970).Google Scholar
13. Wei, P. S., Huang, C. C. and Lee, K. W., “Nucleation of Bubbles on a Solidification Front-Experiment and Analysis,” Metallurgical Materials Transactions B, 34, pp. 321–332 (2003).Google Scholar
14. Bianchi, M. V. A. and Viskanta, R., “The Effect of Air Bubbles on the Diffusion-Controlled Solidification of Water and Aqueous Solutions of Ammonium Chloride,” International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, 42, pp. 1097–1110 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Rodriguez, D. J. and Shedd, T. A., “Entrainment of Gas in the Liquid Film of Horizontal, Annular, Two-Phase Flow,” International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 30, pp. 565–583 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Cox, M. C., Anilkumar, A. V., Grugel, R. N. and Lee, C. P., “Effect of Step-wise Change in Processing Pressure on Isolated Pore Growth during Controlled Directional Solidification in Small Channels,” Journal of Crystal Growth, 311, pp. 327–336 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Inada, T., Hatakeyama, T. and Takemura, F., “Gas-Storage Ice Grown Form Water Containing Mircobubbles,” International Journal of Refrigeration, 32, pp. 462–471 (2009).Google Scholar
18. Yoshimura, K., Inada, T. and Koyama, S., “Growth of Spherical and Cylindrical Oxygen Bubbles at an Ice-Water Interface,” Crystal Growth and Design, 8, pp. 2108–2115 (2008).Google Scholar
19. Liu, Y., Li, Y. X., Wan, J. and Zhang, H. W., “Evaluation of Porosity in Lotus-Type Porous Magnesium Fabricated by Metal/Gas Eutectic Unidirectional Solidification,” Materials Science and Engineering A, 402, pp. 47–54 (2005).Google Scholar
20. Park, J. S., Hyun, S. K., Suzuki, S. and Nakajima, H., “Effect of Transference Velocity and Hydrogen Pressure on Porosity and Pore Morphology of Lotus-Type Porous Copper Fabricated by a Continuous Casting Technique,” Acta Materialia, 55, pp. 5646–5654 (2007).Google Scholar
21. Tane, M. and Nakajima, H., “Influence of Ultrasonic Agitation on Pore Formation and Growth during Unidirectional Solidification of Water-Carbon Dioxide Solution,” Materials Transactions, 47, pp. 2183–2187 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Murakami, K. and Nakajima, H., “Formation of Pores during Unidirectional Solidification of Water Containing Carbon Dioxide,” Materials Transactions, 43, pp. 2582–2588 (2002).Google Scholar
23. Murakami, K., Nakai, Y. and Nakajima, H., “Direct Observation of Pore Growth in Unidirectionally Solidified Water-Carbon Dioxide Solution,” International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 15, pp. 459–463 (2002).Google Scholar
24. Geguzin, Ya. E. and Dzuba, A. S., “Crystallization of a Gas-Saturated Melt,” Journal of Crystal Growth, 52, pp. 337–344 (1981).Google Scholar
25. Wei, P. S., Huang, C. C., Wang, Z. P., Chen, K. Y. and Lin, C. H., “Growths of Bubble/Pore Sizes in Solid during Solidification -An In Situ Measurement and Analysis,” Journal of Crystal Growth, 270, pp. 662–673 (2004).Google Scholar
26. Wei, P. S., Kuo, Y. K., Chiu, S. H. and Ho, C. Y., “Shape of a Pore Trapped in Solid during Solidification,” International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, 43, pp. 263–280 (2000).Google Scholar
27. Wei, P. S. and Ho, C. Y., “An Analytical Self-Consistent Determination of a Bubble with a Deformed Cap Trapped in Solid during Solidification,” Metallurgical Materials Transactions B, 33, pp. 91–100 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Wei, P. S. and Hsiao, C. C., “Microbubble or Pendant Drop Control Described by a General Phase Diagram,” International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, 52, pp. 1304–1312 (2009).Google Scholar