Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T00:00:21.727Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Volumes sampled for hardness and for modulus of elasticity during nanoindentation testing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 June 2012

Mahdi Saket Kashani ,
Akbar Aftabi Gilvan  and
Vis Madhavan
Mahdi Saket Kashani
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
Akbar Aftabi Gilvan
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
Vis Madhavan*
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In this article, the sizes of the volumes sampled by nanoindentation tests for hardness and modulus measurements are studied using finite element simulations. The zones of influence for hardness and modulus in single-phase systems are determined by modeling a hemispherical particle in a matrix, with properties close to those of each other, and monitoring the deviation of the measured values from those of the particle. It is found that, for hardness testing of elastic-perfectly plastic materials, the intrinsic hardness of the particle is measured as long as the plastic region is still within the particle, i.e., the contact radius is one half or less of the particle radius. Thus, in a hardness test of a single-phase material, all of the plastically deforming material, and only the plastically deforming material, contributes to the hardness measured. In contrast, the zone influencing the modulus is not restricted to a specific volume near the indenter. The modulus measured from the elastic response at the indentation point is dependent upon the entire specimen. A relationship is developed to describe the observed behavior of the measured modulus, that holds true for both sink-in and pile-up material behavior and for different indenter cone angles.

Keywords

nanoindentationhardnesselastic properties
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 27 , Issue 12 , 28 June 2012 , pp. 1553 - 1564
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic-modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7(6), 1564 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Fischer-Cripps, A.C.: Nanoindentation, 2nd ed. (Springer, New York, 2004).Google Scholar
3.Lichinchi, M., Lenardi, C., Haupt, J., and Vitali, R.: Simulation of Berkovich nanoindentation experiments on thin films using finite element method. Thin Solid Films 312(1–2), 240 (1998).Google Scholar
4.Bressan, J.D., Tramontin, A., and Rosa, C.: Modeling of nanoindentation of bulk and thin film by finite element method. Wear 258(1–4), 115 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Chen, X. and Vlassak, J.J.: Numerical study on the measurement of thin film mechanical properties by means of nanoindentation. J. Mater. Res. 16(10), 2974 (2001).Google Scholar
6.Chen, J. and Bull, S.J.: On the factors affecting the critical indenter penetration for measurement of coating hardness. Vac. 83(6), 911 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Pelegri, A.A. and Huang, X.: Nanoindentation on soft film/hard substrate and hard film/soft substrate material systems with finite element analysis. Compos. Sci. Technol. 68(1), 147 (2008).Google Scholar
8.Wang, T.H., Fang, T.H., and Lin, Y.C.: Analysis of the substrate effects of strain-hardening thin films on silicon under nanoindentation. App. Phys. 86(3), 335 (2007).Google Scholar
9.Saha, R. and Nix, W.D.: Effects of the substrate on the determination of thin film mechanical properties by nanoindentation. Acta Mater. 50(1), 23 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.King, R.B.: Elastic analysis of some punch problems for a layered medium. Int. J. Solids Struct. 23(12), 1657 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Han, S.M., Shah, R., Banerjee, R., Viswanathan, G.B., Clemens, B.M., and Nix, W.D.: Combinatorial studies of mechanical properties of Ti-Al thin films using nanoindentation. Acta Mater. 53(7), 2059 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Joslin, D.L. and Oliver, W.C.: A new method for analyzing data from continuous depth-sensing microindentation tests. J. Mater. Res. 5(1), 123 (1990).Google Scholar
13.Yu, H.Y., Sanday, S.C., and Rath, B.B.: The effect of substrate on the elastic properties of films determined by the indentation test–axisymmetrical boussinesq problem. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 38(6), 745 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Han, S.M., Saha, R., and Nix, W.D.: Determining hardness of thin films in elastically mismatched film-on-substrate systems using nanoindentation. Acta Mater. 54(6), 1571 (2006).Google Scholar
15.Sakai, M.: Substrate-affected indentation contact parameters of elastoplastic coating/substrate composites. J. Mater. Res. 24(3), 831 (2009).Google Scholar
16.Li, H. and Vlassak, J.J.: Determining the elastic modulus and hardness of an ultrathin film on a substrate using nanoindentation. J. Mater. Res. 24(3), 1114 (2009).Google Scholar
17.Durst, K., Goken, M., and Vehoff, H.: Finite element study for nanoindentation measurements on two-phase materials. J. Mater. Res. 19(1), 85 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Sun, Y., Liang, J., Xu, Z.H., Wang, G.F., and Li, X.D.: Nanoindentation for measuring individual phase mechanical properties of lead-free solder alloy. J. Mat. Sci. 19(6), 514 (2008).Google Scholar
19.Saket Kashani, M. and Madhavan, V.: Study of Damage Distribution Over Primary Shear Zone in Metal Cutting Process by Nanoindentation (MS & T07, Detroit, 2007).Google Scholar
20.Saket Kashani, M. and Madhavan, V.: True hardness from FEA of nanoindentation: Extrapolation method for eliminating discretization error. Mat. Sci. Eng., A (accepted).Google Scholar
21.Poon, B., Rittel, D., and Ravichandran, G.: An analysis of nanoindentation in linearly elastic solids. Int. J. Solids Struct. 45(24), 6018 (2008).Google Scholar
22.Bolshakov, A.: Finite element studies of mechanical property testing by nanoindentation methods. Ph.D. Dissertation, Rice University, 1996.Google Scholar
23.Bolshakov, A. and Pharr, G.M.: Influences of pile-up on the measurement of mechanical properties by load and depth sensing indentation techniques. J. Mater. Res. 13(4), 1049 (1998).Google Scholar
24.Cheng, Y.T. and Cheng, C.M.: What is indentation hardness? Surf. Coat. Technol. 133–134, 417 (2000).Google Scholar
25.Harvey, S., Huang, H., Venkataraman, S., and Gerberich, W.W.: Microscopy and microindentation mechanics of single-crystal Fe–3 wt% Si. Part 1. Atomic force microscopy of a small indentation. J. Mater. Res. 8(6), 1291 (1993).Google Scholar
26.Johnson, K.L.: Contact Mechanics. (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1985).Google Scholar
27.Mata, M. and Alcala, J.: The role of friction on sharp indentation. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 52(1), 145 (2004).Google Scholar
28.Nagao, S., Fujikane, M., Tymiak, N., and Nowak, R.: Achieving consistency of Young’s modulus determination from nanoscale deformation of low-k films. J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 106104 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Bec, S., Tonck, A., and Loubet, J.L.: A simple guide to determine elastic properties of films on substrate from nanoindentation experiments. Philos. Mag. 86(33), 5347 (2006).Google Scholar