Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T08:34:07.123Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ultrafine bamboo-char as a new reinforcement in poly(lactic acid)/bamboo particle biocomposites: The effects on mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2018

Shaoping Qian*
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; and State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
Yingying Tao
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Yiping Ruan*
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Cesar A. Fontanillo Lopez
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Linqiong Xu
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In this study, varying contents of ultrafine bamboo-char (UFBC) were introduced into PLA/bamboo particle (BP) biocomposites as new reinforcements to improve the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the biocomposites. The new strategy was aiming to realize the synergistic effects of reinforcement and toughening of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites through a simple method without surface modification and other additives. The maximum tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break of 45.20 MPa, 540.50 MPa, and 7.53% were reached at 5.0 wt% UFBC content, which were slightly lower than those of pure PLA. The maximum modulus of elasticity of the ternary biocomposites was 5316.1 MPa at 5.0 wt% UFBC content, which was approximately 2 times higher than the pure PLA. Impact strength reached a maximum value of 38.56 J/m when the UFBC content was 5 wt%, and improved by 376% compared with pure PLA of 7.88 J/m. Meanwhile, compared with the PLA/BP binary composite of 20.50 J/m, it improved 88%. A concrete-like microstructure system was achieved (i.e., cement, sand, and rebar corresponding to PLA, UFBC, and BP, respectively).

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Li, C., Guo, J., Jiang, T., Zhang, X., Xia, L., Wu, H., Guo, S., and Zhang, X.: Extensional flow-induced hybrid crystalline fibrils (shish) in CNT/PLA nanocomposite. Carbon 129, 720 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sookprasert, P. and Hinchiranan, N.: Morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/natural rubber (NR) blends compatibilized by NR-graft-PLA. J. Mater. Res. 32, 788 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yao, Q., Cosme, J.G.L., Xu, T., Miszuk, J.M., Picciani, P.H.S., Fong, H., and Sun, H.: Three dimensional electrospun PCL/PLA blend nanofibrous scaffolds with significantly improved stem cells osteogenic differentiation and cranial bone formation. Biomaterials 115, 115 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, C., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Gao, J., Dai, K., Zheng, G., Liu, C., Shen, C., Song, H., and Guo, Z.: Comparative assessment of the strain-sensing behaviors of polylactic acid nanocomposites: Reduced graphene oxide or carbon nanotubes. J. Mater. Chem. C 5, 2318 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murariu, M. and Dubois, P.: PLA composites: From production to properties. Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev. 107, 17 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tsuji, H.: Poly(lactic acid) stereocomplexes: A decade of progress. Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev. 107, 97 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyler, B., Gullotti, D., Mangraviti, A., Utsuki, T., and Brem, H.: Polylactic acid (PLA) controlled delivery carriers for biomedical applications. Adv. Drug Deliver. Rev. 107, 163 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagarajan, V., Mohanty, A.K., and Misratt, M.: Perspective on polylactic acid (PLA) based sustainable materials for durable applications: Focus on toughness and heat resistance. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 4, 2899 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, C., Wang, F., Chen, P., Zhang, Z., Guidoin, R., and Wang, L.: Preventing collapsing of vascular scaffolds: The mechanical behavior of PLA/PCL composite structure prostheses during in vitro degradation. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 75, 455 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelnar, I., Kratochvil, J., Kapralkova, L., Zhigunov, A., and Nevoralova, M.: Graphite nanoplatelets-modified PLA/PCL: Effect of blend ratio and nanofiller localization on structure and properties. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 71, 271 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geng, L.H., Peng, X.F., Jing, X., Li, L.W., Huang, A., Xu, B.P., Chen, B.Y., and Mi, H.Y.: Investigation of poly(L-lactic acid)/graphene oxide composites crystallization and nanopore foaming behaviors via supercritical carbon dioxide low temperature foaming. J. Mater. Res. 31, 348 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erpek, C.E.Y., Ozkoc, G., and Yilmazer, U.: Effects of halloysite nanotubes on the performance of plasticized poly(lactic acid)-based composites. Polym. Compos. 37, 3134 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erpek, C.E.Y., Ozkoc, G., and Yilmazer, U.: Comparison of natural halloysite with synthetic carbon nanotubes in poly(lactic acid) based composites. Polym. Compos. 38, 2337 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z., Tan, B.H., Lin, T., and He, C.: Recent advances in stereocomplexation of enantiomeric PLA-based copolymers and applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 62, 22 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, J-Z. and Li, F-J.: Mechanical properties of poly(l-lactic acid) composites filled with mesoporous silica. Polym. Compos. 38, 1118 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, Y., Lei, L., Yang, B., Li, J., and Ren, J.: Preparation of PLA-based nanocomposites modified by nano-attapulgite with good toughness-strength balance. Polym. Test. 60, 78 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwatake, A., Nogi, M., and Yano, H.: Cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polylactic acid. Compos. Sci. Technol. 68, 2103 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhim, J-W., Park, H-M., and Ha, C-S.: Bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 38, 1629 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qian, S. and Sheng, K.: PLA toughened by bamboo cellulose nanowhiskers: Role of silane compatibilization on the PLA bionanocomposite properties. Compos. Sci. Technol. 148, 59 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alippilakkotte, S. and Sreejith, L.: Benign route for the modification and characterization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds for medicinal application. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 135, 46056 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deng, S., Ma, J., Guo, Y., Chen, F., and Fu, Q.: One-step modification and nanofibrillation of microfibrillated cellulose for simultaneously reinforcing and toughening of poly(epsilon-caprolactone). Compos. Sci. Technol. 157, 168 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jin, F-L., Zhang, H., Yao, S-S., and Park, S-J.: Effect of surface modification on impact strength and flexural strength of poly(lactic acid)/silicon carbide nanocomposites. Macromol. Res. 26, 211 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jing, M., Che, J., Xu, S., Liu, Z., and Fu, Q.: The effect of surface modification of glass fiber on the performance of poly(lactic acid) composites: Graphene oxide versus silane coupling agents. Appl. Surf. Sci. 435, 1046 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qian, S., Mao, H., Sheng, K., Lu, J., Luo, Y., and Hou, C.: Effect of low-concentration alkali solution pretreatment on the properties of bamboo particles reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130, 1667 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qian, S., Mao, H., Zarei, E., and Sheng, K.: Preparation and characterization of maleic anhydride compatibilized poly(lactic acid)/bamboo particles biocomposites. J. Polym. Environ. 23, 341 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qian, S., Wang, H., Zarei, E., and Sheng, K.: Effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on the properties of moso bamboo particles reinforced polyvinyl chloride composites. Composites, Part B 82, 23 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, W., Xie, T., Qiu, R., and Fan, M.: N-methylol acrylamide grafting bamboo fibers and their composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 117, 100 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, S., Yao, W., Zhang, H., and Sheng, K.: Polypropylene biocomposites reinforced with bamboo particles and ultrafine bamboo-char: The effect of blending ratio. Polym. Compos. 39, E640 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qian, S., Sheng, K., Yao, W., and Yu, H.: Poly(lactic acid) biocomposites reinforced with ultrafine bamboo-char: Morphology, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 133, 43425 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oral, I.: Determination of elastic constants of epoxy resin/biochar composites by ultrasonic pulse echo overlap method. Polym. Compos. 37, 2907 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
You, Z. and Li, D.: The dynamical viscoelasticity and tensile property of new highly filled charcoal powder/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites. Mater. Lett. 112, 197 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
You, Z. and Li, D.: Highly filled bamboo charcoal powder reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Mater. Lett. 122, 121 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S., Li, X., Chen, C., Wang, H., Deng, Q., Gong, M., and Li, D.: Development of electrically conductive nano bamboo charcoal/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites with a segregated network. Compos. Sci. Technol. 132, 31 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, M-p., Lau, K-t., Wang, H., and Hui, D.: Improvement on the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) using bamboo charcoal particles. Composites, Part B 81, 14 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, O., Sarmah, A.K., and Bhattacharyya, D.: Nanoindentation assisted analysis of biochar added biocomposites. Composites, Part B 91, 219 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y., Chen, C., Li, J., and Sun, X.S.: Photoactivity of Poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites modulated by TiO2 nanofillers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 131, 40241 (2014).Google Scholar
Fu, S-Y., Feng, X-Q., Lauke, B., and Mai, Y-W.: Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate-polymer composites. Composites, Part B 39, 933 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, Z., Huang, K., and Lin, M.: Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/modified carbon black composite. J. Macromol. Sci., Part B: Phys. 51, 1475 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teymoorzadeh, H. and Rodrigue, D.: Morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of injection molded polylactic acid foams/composites based on wood flour. J. Cell. Plast. 54, 179 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanjewar, S.R., Bari, P.S., Hansora, D.P., and Mishra, S.: Preparation and analysis of polypropylene composites with maleated tea dust particles. Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater. 25, 373 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar