Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-d8cs5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-03T23:00:43.576Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A study of indentation work in homogeneous materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2006

Mengxi Tan
Mengxi Tan*
Affiliation:
Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The work of indentation is investigated experimentally in this article. A method of using the elastic energy to extract the elastic modulus is proposed and verified. Two types of hardness related to the work of indentation are defined and examined: Hwtis defined as the total work required creating a unit volume of contact deformationand Hwp is defined as the plastic work required creating a unit volume of plastic deformation; experiments show that both hardness definitions are good choices for characterizing hardness. Several features that may provide significant insights in understanding indentation measurements are studied. These features mainly concern some scaling relationships in indentation measurements and the indentation size effects.

Keywords

Elastic propertiesHardnessIndentation
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 21 , Issue 6 , June 2006 , pp. 1363 - 1374
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Stilwell, N.A., Tabor, D.: Elastic recovery of conical indentations. Proc. Phys. Soc. 78, 169 (1961).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Shaw, M.C. The fundamental basis of the hardness test, in The Science of Hardness Testing and Its Research Applications, edited by Westbrook, J.H. and Conrad, H. (ASM Symposium, Metals Park, OH, 1971), p. 2.Google Scholar
3.Korsunsky, A.M., McGurk, M.R., Bull, S.J., Page, T.F.: On the hardness of coated systems. Surf. Coat. Technol. 99, 171 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Tuck, J.R., Korsunsky, A.M., Bull, S.J., Davidson, R.I.: On the application of the work-of-indentation approach to depth-sensing indentation experiments in coated systems. Surf. Coat. Technol. 137, 217 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Beegan, D., Chowdhury, S., Laugier, M.T.: Work of indentation methods for determining copper film hardness. Surf. Coat. Technol. 192, 57 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Sakai, M.: Energy principle of the indentation-induced inelastic surface deformation and hardness of brittle materials. Acta Met. Mater. 41, 1751 (1993).Google Scholar
7.Sakai, M.: The Meyer hardness: A measure for plasticity? J. Mater. Res. 14, 3630 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Zeng, K., Chiu, C-H.: An analysis of load-penetration curves from instrumented indentation. Acta Mater. 49, 3539 (2001).Google Scholar
9.Hainsworth, S.V., Chandler, H.W., Page, T.F.: Analysis of nanoindentation load-displacement loading curves. J. Mater. Res. 11, 1987 (1996).Google Scholar
10.Pharr, G.M., Bolshakov, A.: Understanding nanoindentation unloading curves. J. Mater. Res. 17, 2660 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Men, H., Hu, Z.Q., Xu, J.: Bulk metallic glass formation in the Mg–Cu–Zn–Y system. Scripta Mater. 46, 699 (2002).Google Scholar
12.Oliver, W.C., Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7, 1564 (1992).Google Scholar
13.Oliver, W.C., Pharr, G.M.: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater. Res. 19, 3 (2004).Google Scholar
14.Lucas, B.N., Oliver, W.C.: Indentation power-law creep of high-purity indium. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 30A, 601 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Malzbender, J., de With, G., Toonder, J. den: The P-h2 relationship in indentation. J. Mater. Res. 15, 1209 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Bolshakov, A., Pharr, G.M.: Influence of pileup on the measurement of mechanical properties by load and depth-sensing indentation techniques. J. Mater. Res. 13, 1049 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Ni, W., Cheng, Y-T.: Modeling conical indentation in homogeneous materials and in hard films on soft substrates. J. Mater. Res. 20, 521 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Cheng, Y-T., Cheng, C-M.: Scaling, dimensional analysis, and indentation measurements. Mater. Sci. Eng. R 44, 91 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Maneiro, M.A. Garrido, Rodriguez, J.: Pile-up effect on nanoindentation tests with spherical-conical tips. Scripta Mater. 52, 593 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Wang, Y., Raabe, D., Kluber, C., Roters, F.: Orientation dependence of nanoindentation pile-up patterns and of nanoindentation microtextures in copper single crystals. Acta Mater. 52, 2229 (2004).Google Scholar
21.Coates, P.B., Andrews, J.W.: A precise determination of the freezing point of copper. J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 8, 277 (1978).Google Scholar
22.http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Cu.html. Last accessed July 30, 2005.Google Scholar
23.Sneddon, I.N.: The relation between load and penetration in the axisymmetric Boussinesq problem for a punch of arbitrary profile. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 3, 47 (1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Youn, S.W., Kang, C.G.: FEA study on nanodeformation behaviors of amorphous silicon and borosilicate considering tip geometry for pit array fabrication. Mater. Sci. Eng. 390, 233 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Xu, K.W., Hou, G.L., Hendrix, B.C., He, J.W., Sun, Y., Zheng, S., Bloyce, A., Bell, T.: Prediction of nanoindentation hardness profile from a load-displacement curve. J. Mater. Res. 13, 3519 (1998).Google Scholar
26.Mencik, J., Swain, M.V.: Micro-indentation tests with pointed indenters. Mater. Forum 18, 277 (1994).Google Scholar
27.Cheng, Y-T., Li, Z., Cheng, C-M.: Scaling relationships for indentation measurements. Philos. Mag. A 82, 1821 (2002).Google Scholar
28.Nix, W.D., Gao, H.: Indentation size effects in crystalline materials: A law for strain gradient plasticity. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 46, 411 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar