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Structure of Milled Galena (PbS) Particles as a Result of Grinding: Observations by Electron Microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

P. Martinetto ,
J. Castaing ,
P. Walter ,
P. Penhoud  and
P. Veyssière
P. Martinetto
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France, CNRS UMR 171, 6 rue des Pyramides,75041 Paris Cedex 01, France
J. Castaing
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France, CNRS UMR 171, 6 rue des Pyramides,75041 Paris Cedex 01, France
P. Walter
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France, CNRS UMR 171, 6 rue des Pyramides,75041 Paris Cedex 01, France
P. Penhoud
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'étude des microstructures, CNRS UMR 104, ONERA, BP 72, 92322 Chatillon Cedex, France
P. Veyssière
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'étude des microstructures, CNRS UMR 104, ONERA, BP 72, 92322 Chatillon Cedex, France
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Abstract

We have examined galena powders with the aim of providing information about the preparation mode of such powders from ancient Egyptian burial objects. Two extreme conditions of milling have been used to prepare galena powders in the laboratory, and the resulting products have been examined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructure of hand-crushed coarse particles consists mainly of dislocation tangles. Annealing at 300 °C promotes a substantial recovery of the dislocation structure with the formation of subboundaries. Energetic ball milling produces a large variety of particle sizes, from 10 nm to several micrometers, with grains containing very high dislocation densities. Although PbS is a soft plastic compound, its fragmentation occurs down to very small sizes along various fracture regimes like in many brittle materials. Comparisons are made between TEM observations and the data obtained from x-ray diffraction peak profile analysis.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 17 , Issue 7 , July 2002 , pp. 1601 - 1611
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2002

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