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Structural characterization of carbons obtained from polyparaphenylenes prepared by the Kovacic and Yamamoto methods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

M. Endo ,
C. Kim ,
T. Hiraoka ,
T. Karaki ,
K. Nishimura ,
M. J. Matthews ,
S. D. M. Brown  and
M. S. Dresselhaus
M. Endo
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380, Japan
C. Kim
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380, Japan
T. Hiraoka
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380, Japan
T. Karaki
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380, Japan
K. Nishimura
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380, Japan
M. J. Matthews
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
S. D. M. Brown
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
M. S. Dresselhaus
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Extract

The structure of polyparaphenylene (PPP)-based carbons prepared by the Kovacic and Yamamoto methods heat-treated at 650–3000 °C have been characterized comparatively by using x-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. Both kinds of carbons indicate not typical but poor graphitizing behavior, especially for the case of PPP Yamamoto samples, and much less for PPP Kovacic samples, by heat treatment up to 3000 °C. The Kovacic-based samples heat-treated at 600–2400 °C have a more developed layer structure than that of Yamamoto-based samples. In contrast, for HTT's (heat-treatment temperature) more than about 2400 °C, PPP Yamamoto-based carbons exhibit a more developed crystallite structure than PPP Kovacic-based carbons. At a given HTT, PPP Kovacic-based carbons have a much more quinoid-like structure and graphene-type structure than PPP Yamamoto-based carbons, as indicated by the carbon yield and Raman scattering measurements. It is suggested that the detailed structure of the starting polymers influences the texture as well as the microstructure of resultant carbons even though both are obtained from the same kinds of precursors. These microstructures also largely influence the anode performance when these carbons are used in Li ion batteries.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 13 , Issue 7 , July 1998 , pp. 2023 - 2030
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1998

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