Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T05:28:56.510Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Shear-induced crystallization and rheological behavior of syndiotactic polystyrene

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2012

Yunfeng Zhao ,
Go Matsuba  and
Hiroshi Ito
Yunfeng Zhao
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
Go Matsuba*
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
Hiroshi Ito
Affiliation:
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

We studied the correlation between shear-induced crystallization and rheological behavior of syndiotactic polystyrene. It was found that after applying a steady shear flow around the nominal melting temperature (Tm = 270 °C), crystal growth rate was accelerated compared with the quiescent state and a morphology of oriented lamellae (kebabs) was observed. On the other hand, no obvious morphological change was observed when applying a shear flow with relatively slow shear rate. We discussed a possibility that the difference of crystal growth rate and morphology could be attributed to the competition between shear rate and relaxation time such as reptation time. Our rheological results suggested that when the imposed shear rate is close to the reciprocal of reptation time, oriented lamellae (kebabs) are observed but extended-chain crystals (shishs) cannot be formed since the chain segments between adjacent entanglements remain unstretched.

Keywords

Crystal growthMorphologyKinetics
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 27 , Issue 10: Focus Issue: Crystallization Processes in Polymer-Based Materials , 28 May 2012 , pp. 1372 - 1378
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Odell, J.A., Grubb, D.T., and Keller, A.: A new route to high-modulus polyethylene by lamellar structures nucleated onto fibrous substrates with general implications for crystallization behaviour. Polymer 19(6), 617 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Bashir, Z., Odell, J.A., and Keller, A.: High modulus filaments of polyethylene with lamellar structure by melt processing; the role of the high molecular weight component. J. Mater. Sci. 19(11), 3713 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Bashir, Z., Odell, J.A., and Keller, A.: Stiff and strong polyethylene with shish kebab morphology by continuous melt extrusion. J. Mater. Sci. 21(11), 3993 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Keller, A. and Odell, J.A.: The extensibility of macromolecules in solution: A new focus for macromolecular science. Colloid Polym. Sci. 263(3), 181 (1985).Google Scholar
5.Schulz, J.M.: Polymer Crystallization (Oxford University Press, New York, 2001).Google Scholar
6.Pennings, A.J. and Kiel, A.M.: Fractionation of polymers by crystallization from solution, III. On the morphology of fibrillar polyethylene crystals grown in solution. Kolloid Z. Z. Polym. 205(2), 160 (1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Pennings, A.J.: Bundle-like nucleation and longitudinal growth of fibrillar polymer crystals from flowing solutions. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp. 59(1), 55 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Azzurri, F. and Alfonso, G.C.: Lifetime of shear-induced crystal nucleation precursors. Macromolecules 38(5), 1723 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Azzurri, F. and Alfonso, G.C.: Insights into formation and relaxation of shear-induced nucleation precursors in isotactic polystyrene. Macromolecules 41(4), 1377 (2008).Google Scholar
10.Hayashi, Y., Matsuba, G., Zhao, Y., Nishida, K., and Kanaya, T.: Precursor of shish-kebab in isotactic polystyrene under shear flow. Polymer 50(9), 2095 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Zhao, Y., Matsuba, G., Nishida, K., Fujiwara, T., Inoue, R., Polec, I., Deng, C., and Kanaya, T.: Relaxation of shish-kebab precursor in isotactic polystyrene after short-term shear flow. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 49(3), 214 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Balzano, L., Kukalyekar, N., Rastogi, S., Peters, G.W.M., and Chadwick, J.C.: Crystallization and dissolution of flow-induced precursors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(4), 048302 (2008).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Balzano, L., Kukalyekar, N., and Rastogi, S.: Crystallization and precursors during fast short-term shear. Macromolecules 42(6), 2088 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Van Meerveld, J., Peters, G., and Hutter, M.: Towards a rheological classification of flow induced crystallization experiments of polymer melts. Rheol. Acta 44(2), 119 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Custodio, F., Steenbakkers, R., Anderson, P., Peters, G., and Meijer, H.: Model development and validation of crystallization behavior in injection molding prototype flows. Macromol. Theory Simul. 18(9), 469 (2009).Google Scholar
16.Patil, N., Balzano, L., Portale, G., and Rastogi, S.: Influence of nanoparticles on the rheological behaviour and initial stages of crystal growth in linear polyethylene. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 210(24), 2174 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Amemiya, Y., Wakabayashi, K., Hamanaka, T., Wakabayashi, T., and Hashizume, H.: Design of small-angle X-ray diffractometer using synchrotron radiation at the photon factory. Nucl. Instrum. Methods 208(1–3), 471 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Wang, C., Cheng, Y.W., Hsu, Y.C., and Lin, T.L.: Lamellar morphology and equilibrium melting temperature of syndiotactic polystyrene in β-crystalline form. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 40(15), 1626 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Lin, R.H. and Woo, E.M.: Melting behavior and identification of polymorphic crystals in syndiotactic polystyrene. Polymer 41(1), 121 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Somani, R.H., Yang, L., Zhu, L., and Hsiao, B.S.: Flow-induced shish-kebab precursor structures in entangled polymer melts. Polymer 46(20), 8587 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Strobl, G.: The Physics of Polymers: Concepts for Understanding their Structures and Behavior, 2nd ed. (Springer Press, 1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Cavallo, D., Azzurri, F., Balzano, L., Funari, S.S., and Alfonso, G.C.: Flow memory and stability of shear-induced nucleation precursors in isotactic polypropylene. Macromolecules 43(22), 9394 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Sorrentino, A., Pantani, R., and Titomanlio, G.: Kinetics of melting and characterization of the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of syndiotactic polystyrene. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 45(2), 196 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.De Rosa, C., de Ballesteros, O.R., Di Gennaro, M., and Auriemma, F.: Crystallization from the melt of α and β forms of syndiotactic polystyrene. Polymer 44(6), 1861 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Sorrentino, A., Pantani, R., and Titomanlio, G.: Two-phase crystallization kinetics of syndiotactic polystyrene. J. Polym. Sci., Part B; Polym. Phys. 48(15), 1757 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Woo, E.M., Sun, Y.S., and Yang, C.P.: Polymorphism, thermal behavior, and crystal stability in syndiotactic polystyrene vs. its miscible blends. Prog. Polym. Sci. 26(6), 945 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Gowd, E.B., Tashiro, K., and Ramesh, C.: Structural phase transitions of syndiotactic polystyrene. Prog. Polym. Sci. 34(3), 280 (2009).Google Scholar
28.Keum, J.K., Zuo, F., and Hsiao, B.S.: Formation and stability of shear-induced shish-kebab structure in highly entangled melts of UHMWPE/HDPE blends. Macromolecules 41(13), 4766 (2008).Google Scholar
29.Li, L.B. and de Jeu, W.H.: Shear-induced crystallization of poly(butylene terephthalate): A real-time small-angle x-ray scattering study. Macromolecules 37(15), 5646 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Ran, S., Fang, D., Zong, X., Hsiao, B., Chu, B., and Cunniff, P.: Structural changes during deformation of Kevlar fibers via on-line synchrotron SAXS/WAXD techniques. Polymer 42(4), 1601 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Housmans, J.W., Steenbakkers, R.J.A., Roozemond, P.C., Peters, G.W.M., and Meijer, H.E.H.: Saturation of pointlike nuclei and the transition to oriented structures in flow-induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene. Macromolecules 42(15), 5728 (2009).Google Scholar
32.Dukovski, I. and Muthukumar, M.: Langevin dynamics simulations of early stage shish-kebab crystallization of polymers in extensional flow. J. Chem. Phys. 118(14), 6648 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.de Gennes, P.G.: Reptation of a polymer chain in the presence of fixed obstacles. J. Chem. Phys. 55(2), 572 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.de Gennes, P.G.: Coherent scattering by one reptating chain. J. Phys. 42(5), 735 (1981).Google Scholar
35.Doi, M. and Edwards, S.: The Theory of Polymer Dynamics (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986).Google Scholar
36.Doi, M.: Explanation for the 3.4-power law for viscosity of polymeric liquids on the basis of the tube model. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 21(5), 667 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Marrucci, G.: Dynamics of entanglements: A nonlinear model consistent with the Cox-Merz rule. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 62(2–3), 279 (1996).Google Scholar
38.Zuidema, H., Peters, G., and Meijer, H.: Development and validation of a recoverable strain-based model for flow-induced crystallization of polymers. Macromol. Theory Simul. 10(5), 447 (2001).Google Scholar
39.Huang, Q., Chen, L., Lin, S., Wu, Q., Zhu, F., Shiyan, , Fu, Z., and Yang, W.: Syndiospecific polymerization of styrene catalyzed by half-titanocene catalysts. Polymer 47(2), 767 (2006).Google Scholar
40.Acierno, S., Palomba, B., Winter, H.H., and Grizzuti, N.: Effect of molecular weight on the flow-induced crystallization of isotactic poly(1-butene). Rheol. Acta 43(3), 243 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar