Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T20:33:52.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Selective laser sintering of polymer biocomposites based on polymethyl methacrylate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 August 2014

Rajkumar Velu  and
Sarat Singamneni
Rajkumar Velu
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, AUT University, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
Sarat Singamneni*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, AUT University, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Materials and processes used for medical applications should have specific attributes. For bone repair and reconstruction, controlled open porosity and osteoconductivity are essential apart from mechanical strength and biocompatibility. Several forms of calcium phosphates are often used for these applications, considering properties similar to bone minerals, but often in combinations with other biopolymers. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) are identified as a suitable combination for the current research, considering specific properties both individually and in combinations, when processed by different means for specific medical applications. Specific responses of the biocomposite material formed by mechanically mixing the two materials in the powder form to selective laser sintering (SLS) under varying conditions are investigated. The results indicate the suitability of the material system for SLS, while controlled porosity and mechanical property combinations are possible by optimizing material composition and process parameters.

Keywords

biocomposite materialsbone substitutesPMMAtricalcium phosphateselective laser sintering
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 29 , Issue 17: Focus Issue: The Materials Science of Additive Manufacturing , 14 September 2014 , pp. 1883 - 1892
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ducheyne, P., Healy, K., Hutmacher, D.E., Grainger, D.W., and Kirkpatrick, C.J., eds.: Comprehensive Biomaterials, Vol. 3 (Elsevier, New York, NY, 2011); pp. 257–276.Google Scholar
Ratner, B.D., Hoffman, A.S., Schoen, F.J., and Lemons, J.E., eds.: Biomaterials Science, An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, 3rd ed. (Elsevier, New York, NY, 2013); p. 1573.Google Scholar
Barrère, F., van Blitterswijk, C.A., and de Groot, K.: Bone regeneration molecular and cellular interactions with calcium phosphate ceramics. Int. J. Nanomed. 1(3), 317–332 Sep 2006.Google Scholar
Porter, J.R., Ruckh, T.T., and Popat, K.C.: Bone tissue engineering: A review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies. Biotechnol. Prog. 25(6), 1539–1560 (2009).Google Scholar
Taş, A.C., Korkusuz, F., Timuçin, M., and Akkaş, N.: An investigation of the chemical synthesis and high-temperature sintering behaviour of calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramics. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 8, 91–96 (1997).Google Scholar
Kitamura, M., Ohtsuki, C., Ogata, S., Kamitakahara, M., and Tanihara, M.: Microstructure and bioresorbable properties of α-TCP ceramic porous body fabricated by direct casting method. Mater. Trans. 45, 983–988 (2004).Google Scholar
Hollinger, J.O. and Battistone, G.C.: Biodegradable bone repair materials. Synthetic polymers and ceramics. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 207, 290–305 (1986).Google Scholar
Yu, X., Botchwey, E.A., Levine, E.M., Pollack, S.R., and Laurencin, C.T.: Bioreactor-based bone tissue engineering: The influence of dynamic flow on osteoblast phenotypic expression and matrix mineralization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101, 11203–11208 (2004).Google Scholar
Lewis, G.: Properties of antibiotic-loaded acrylic bone cements for use in cemented arthroplasties. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part B 89B(2), 558–574 (2009), ISSN: 1552-4973.Google Scholar
Puska, M., Kokkari, A., Närhi, T., and Vallittu, P.: Mechanical properties of oligomer modified acrylic bone cement. Biomaterials 24(3), 417–425 (2003), ISSN: 0142-9612.Google Scholar
Flautre, B., Descamps, M., Delecourt, C., Blary, M., and Hardouin, P.: Porous HA ceramic for bone replacement: Role of the pores and interconnections – experimental study in the rabbit. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 12, 679–682 (2001).Google Scholar
Daculsi, G. and Passuti, N.: Effect of the macroporosity for osseous substitution of phosphate calcium ceramics. Biomaterials 11, 86–87 (1990).Google Scholar
Daculsi, G., Passuti, N., Martin, S., Deudon, C., Legeros, R.Z., and Raher, S.: Macroporous calcium-phosphate ceramic for long-bone surgery in humans and dogs clinical and histological study. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 24, 379–396 (1990).Google Scholar
Klein, C.P.A.T., de Groot, K., Weiqun, C., Yubao, L., and Xingdong, Z.: Osseous substance formation in calcium phosphate ceramics in soft tissues. Biomaterials 15, 31–34 (1994).Google Scholar
Descamps, M., Richart, O., Hardouin, P., Hornez, J.C., and Leriche, A.: Synthesis of macroporous b-tricalcium phosphate with controlled porous architectural. Ceram. Int. 34, 1131–1137 (2008).Google Scholar
Adachi, T., Osako, Y., Tanaka, M., Hojo, M., and Hollister, S.J.: Framework for optimal design of porous scaffold microstructure by computational simulation of bone regeneration. Biomaterials 27, 3964–3972 (2006).Google Scholar
Saha, S. and Pal, S.: Mechanical properties of bone cement; a review. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 18, 435–462 (1984).Google Scholar
Malony, W.J., Jasty, M.A., Rosenberg, A., and Harris, W.H.: Bone lysis in well-fixed cemented femoral component. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 72B, 966–970 (1990).Google Scholar
Ahato, I.: Reverse engineering the ceramic art of algae. Science 286, 1059–1061 (1999).Google Scholar
Popişter, F., Popescu, D., and Hurgoiu, D.: A new method for using reverse engineering in case of ceramic tiles. Qual. Access Success 13, 409–412 (2012).Google Scholar
Bombač, D., Brojan, M., Fajfar, P., Kosel, F., and Turk, R.: Review of materials in medical applications. RMZ – Mater. Geoenviron. 54(4), 471–499 (2007).Google Scholar
Williams, J.M., Adewunmi, A., Schek, R.M., Flanagan, C.L., Krebsbach, P.H., Feinberg, S.E., Hollister, S.J., and Das, S.: Bone tissue engineering using polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated via selective laser sintering. Biomaterials 26, 4817–4827 (2005).Google Scholar
Tan, K.H., Chua, C.K., Leong, K.F., Cheah, C.M., Cheang, P., Abu Bakar, M.S., and Cha, S.W.: Scaffold development using selective laser sintering of polyetheretherketone–hydroxyapatite biocomposite blends. Biomaterials 24(18), 3115–3123 (2003).Google Scholar
Chua, C.K., Leong, K.F., Wiria, F.E., Tan, K.C., and Chandrasekara, M.: Fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxyapatite in tissue engineering. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Competitive manufacturing, World Scientific Publishing Company: Steilhenbosch, 2004.Google Scholar
Das, S., Hollister, S.J., Flanagan, C., Adewunmi, A., Bark, K., Chen, C., Ramaswamy, K., Rose, D., and Widjaja, E.: Computational design freeform fabrication and testing of Nylon-6 tissue engineering scaffolds. In Rapid prototyping technologies. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 758, 3–5 December 2002, 205–210.Google Scholar
Vail, N.K., Swain, L.D., Fox, W.C., Aufdlemorte, T.B., Lee, G., and Barlow, J.W.: Materials for bio-medical applications. Mater. Des. 20, 123–132 (1999).Google Scholar
Hao, L., Savalani, M.M., Zhang, Y., Tanner, K.E., and Harris, R.A.: Selective laser sintering of hydroxyapatite reinforced polyethylene composites for bioactive implants and tissue scaffold development. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H 220, 521 (2006).Google Scholar
Alessandro, F., Luca, R.: Characterization of laser energy consumption in sintering of polymer based powders. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 212, 917–926 (2012).Google Scholar
Williams, J.D. and Dechard, C.R.: Advances in modelling the effects of selected parameters on the SLS process. Rapid Prototyping J. 4, 90–100 (1998).Google Scholar
Shishkovsky, I., Morozov, Yu., and Smurov, I.: Nanostructural self-organization under selective laser sintering of exothermic powder mixtures. J. Appl. Surf. Sci. 225, 5565–5568 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rimell, J.T. and Marquis, P.M.: Selective laser sintering of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene for clinical applications. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 53, 414–420 (2000).Google Scholar
Berry, E., Brown, J.M., Connell, M., Craven, C.M., Efford, N.D., Radjenovic, A., and Smith, M.A.: Preliminary experience with medical applications of rapid prototyping by selective laser sintering. Med. Eng. Phys. 19, 90–96 (1997).Google Scholar
Caulfield, B., McHugh, P.E., and Lohfeld, S.: Dependence of mechanical properties of polyamide components on build parameters in the SLS process. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 182, 477–488 (2007).Google Scholar
Woicke, N., Wagner, T., and Eyerer, P.: Carbon assisted laser sintering of thermoplastic polymers. In Annual Technical Conference – ANTEC, Boston, MA, 2005.Google Scholar
Khumalo, V.M., Karger Kocsis, J., and Thoman, R.: Polyethylene synthetic boehmite alumina nanocomposites: Structure, thermal and rheological properties. Express Polym. Lett. 5, 264–274 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Silvio, L., Dalby, M.J., and Bonfield, W.: Osteoblast behaviour on HA/PE composite surfaces with different HA volumes. Biomaterials 23, 101–107 (2002).Google Scholar
Kasemo, B. and Lausmaa, J.: Surface science aspects on inorganic biomaterials. Crit. Rev. Biocompat. 2, 335–380 (1986).Google Scholar
Sichel, E.K. and Dekker, M., eds.: Carbon Black-Polymer Composites: The Physics of Electrically Conducting Composites (Plastics Engineering). (Dekker, New York, NY, 1982).Google Scholar
Vacanti, J.P., Morse, M.A., Saltzman, W.M., Domb, A.J., Perez-Atayde, A., and Langer, R.: Selective cell transplantation using bioabsorbable artificial polymers as matrices. J. Pediatr. Surg. 23, 3–9 (1988).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mikos, A.G., Sarakinos, G., Lyman, M.D., Ingber, D.E., Vacanti, J.P., and Langer, R.: Prevascularization of porous biodegradable polymers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 42, 716–723 (1993).Google Scholar
Boyan, B.D., Hummert, T.W., Dean, D.D., and Schwartz, Z.: Role of material surfaces in regulating bone and cartilage cell response. Biomaterials 17, 137–146 (1996).Google Scholar