Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T15:32:43.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nonisothermal cold crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2011

Renate M.R. Wellen ,
Eduardo Canedo  and
Marcelo S. Rabello
Renate M.R. Wellen*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
Eduardo Canedo
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba 58249-140, Brazil
Marcelo S. Rabello
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba 58249-140, Brazil
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The thermal transitions and the nonisothermal cold crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) at constant heating rates were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the glass transition and crystallization temperature increased with the heating rates, while the melting temperature showed a little variation for the heating rates used. Crystallization and melting latent heats were remarkably constant, independent of the heating rate. Kinetics parameters were determined using Ozawa model. Two different kinetic regimes were identified, corresponding to primary and secondary crystallization, at low and high fractional crystallization, respectively, both following Ozawa’s model. Kinetics parameters were determined for the primary and secondary regimes; the pre-exponential constant (KT) and Ozawa’s exponent (m) decreased with increasing crystallization temperature. The combined kinetic parameter increased exponentially with temperature; activation energies were estimated using Arrhenius plots for the two PET crystallization regimes.

Keywords

PolymerCrystal
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 26 , Issue 9 , 14 May 2011 , pp. 1107 - 1115
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Van Antwerpen, F. and Van Krevelen, D.W.: Influence of crystallization temperature, molecular weight, and additives on the crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate). J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. Ed. 10, 2423 (1972).Google Scholar
2.Verhoyen, O., Dupret, F., and Legras, R.: Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyethylene terephthalate: Mathematical modeling and experimental measurement. Polym. Eng. Sci. 38, 1594 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Achilias, D.S., Papageorgiou, G.Z., and Karayannidis, G.P.: Isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(propylene terephthalate). J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 42, 3775 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Alfonso, G.C.: Crystallization in polymer blends. In Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 5, edited by Lemstra, P. J. and Keintjen, L.A. (Elsevier, Amsterdam and London, 1991), p. 143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Mandelkern, L.: Crystallization of Polymers (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964).Google Scholar
6.Chen, T.Y., Wang, V.W., and Bozarth, M.J.: Crystallization and its effect on the processing of polypropylene. J. Reinforc. Plast. Compos. 12, 686 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Khanna, Y.P., Reimschuessel, A.C., Banerjie, A., and Altman, C.: Memory effects in polymers. II. Processing history vs crystallization rate of nylon 6—Observation of phenomenon and product behavior. Polym. Eng. Sci. 28, 1600 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Elmoumni, A., Winter, H.H., Waddon, A.J., and Fruitwala, H.: Correlation of material and processing time scales with structure development in isotactic polypropylene crystallization. Macromolecules 36, 6453 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Addonizio, M.L., Martuscelli, E., and Silvestre, C.: Study of the non-isothermal crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. Polymer (Guildf.) 28, 183 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Jabarin, S.A.: Crystallization kinetics of polyethylene terephthalate. II. Dynamic crystallization of PET. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 34, 97 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Fann, D.M., Huang, S.K., and Lee, J.Y.: Kinetics and thermal crystallinity of recycled PET. I. Dynamic cooling crystallization studies on blends recycled with engineering PET. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 61, 1375 (1996).3.0.CO;2-Y>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Lu, X. and Hay, J.N.: The effect of phisycal aging on the rates of cold crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Polymer (Guildf.) 41, 7427 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Sajkiewicz, P., Carpaneto, L., and Wasiak, A.: Application of the Ozawa model to non-isothermal crystallization of poly (ethylene terephthalate). Polymer (Guildf.) 42, 5365 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Wellen, R.M.R. and Rabello, M.S.: The kinetics of isothermal crystallization and tensile properties of poly(ethylene) terephthalate. J. Mater. Sci. 40, 6099 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Wunderlich, B.: Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials (Springer, Berlin, 2005).Google Scholar
16.Menard, J.B.: Thermal transitions and their measurement, in Performance of Plastics, edited by Brostow, W. (Hanser, Munich, 2000).Google Scholar
17.Hong, P.D., Chung, W.T., and Hsu, C.F.: Crystallization kinetics and morphology of poly(trimethylene terephthalate). Polymer (Guildf.) 43, 3335 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Wellen, R.M.R. and Rabello, M.S.: Non-isothermal cold crystallization kinetics and morphology of PET + SAN blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 116, 1077 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Kissinger, H.E.: Variation of the peak temperature with heating rate in differential thermal analysis. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 57, 217 (1956).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Cebe, P. and Hong, S.: Crystallization behaviour of poly(ether-ether-ketone). Polymer (Guildf.) 27, 1183 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Apiwanthanakorn, N., Supaphol, P., and Nithitanakul, M.: Non-isothermal melt-crystallization kinetics of poly(trimethylene terephthalate). Polym. Test. 23, 817 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Cebe, P.: Non-isothermal crystallization of poly(ether ether ketone)—Aromatic polymer composite. Polym. Comp. 9, 271 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Yoshihara, N., Shibaya, M., and Ishihara, H.: Cold crystallization behaviors of poly(ethylene terephthalate). J. Polym. Eng. 25, 97 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Jang, L.W., Lee, K.H., Lee, D.C., Yoon, J.S., Chin, I., and Choi, H.J.: Alternating copolymers as compatibilizer for blends of poly (ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 78, 1998 (2000).3.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Metha, A., Gaur, U., and Wunderlich, B.: Equilibrium melting parameters of poly(ethylene terephthalate). J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. Ed. 16, 289 (1978).Google Scholar
26.Kong, Y. and Hay, J.N.: The measurement of the crystallinity of polymers by DSC. Polymer (Guildf.) 43, 3873 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.van Krevelen, D.W.: Properties of Polymers (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990).Google Scholar
28.Dangseeyun, N., Supaphol, P., and Nithitanakul, M.: Thermal, crystallization, and rheological characteristics of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) blends. Polym. Test. 23, 187 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Ozawa, T.: Kinetics of non-isothermal crystallization. Polymer (Guildf.) 12, 150 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Ou, C.F. and Lin, C.C.: Blends of polyethylene terephthalate with co[poly(ethylene terephthalate-p-oxybenzoate)] I. Crystallization kinetics by DSC study. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 54, 1223 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Zhang, Y. and Gu, L.: Study of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and sequence distribuition in poly (ethylene terephthalate-co-isophthalate). Eur. Polym. J. 36, 759 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Run, M., Yao, C., and Wang, Y.: Morphology, isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(methylene terephthalate). Eur. Polym. J. 42, 655 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Liu, T., Mo, Z., and Zhang, H.: Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of a novel poly (aryl ether ketone): PEDEKmK. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 67, 815 (1998).3.0.CO;2-W>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Hieber, C.A.: Correlations for the quiescent crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene and poly(ethylene terephthalate). Polymer (Guildf.) 36, 1455 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Supaphol, P., Dangseeyun, N., Srimoaon, P., and Nithitanakul, M.: Nonisothermal melt-crystallization kinetics for three linear aromatic polyesters. Thermochim. Acta 406, 207 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Yang, J., Pan, P., Dong, T., and Inoue, Y.: Crystallization kinetics and crystalline structure of biodegradable poly(ethylene adipate). Polymer (Guildf.) 51, 807 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar