Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:28:43.500Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microstructure formation and abrasive wear resistance of a boron-modified superduplex stainless steel produced by spray forming

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2016

Juliano Soyama Open the ORCID record for Juliano Soyama [Opens in a new window] ,
Guilherme Zepon ,
Thiago Pama Lopes ,
Leamar Beraldo ,
Claudio Shyinti Kiminami ,
Walter José Botta  and
Claudemiro Bolfarini
Juliano Soyama*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil
Guilherme Zepon
Affiliation:
Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil
Thiago Pama Lopes
Affiliation:
Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil
Leamar Beraldo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil
Claudio Shyinti Kiminami
Affiliation:
Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil
Walter José Botta
Affiliation:
Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil
Claudemiro Bolfarini
Affiliation:
Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais (DEMa), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The microstructure formation and wear resistance of a superduplex stainless steel modified with the addition of 3 wt% boron produced by spray forming were investigated. Thermodynamic simulations were used as comparison basis and to explain the experimentally observed microstructure, which was composed by primary M2B-type borides, an austenitic-ferritic matrix, and eutectic M3B2-type borides. The predicted solidification sequence started with the precipitation of primary M2B boride, followed by ferrite/austenite formation and a final eutectic reaction resulting in M3B2 borides. A good correlation with the simulations and final microstructure was found. The abrasive wear resistance was investigated with the dry sand/rubber wheel test and the results indicated an outstanding performance, similar to the cobalt-based Stellite 1016 alloy. The excellent wear resistance resulted from the presence of a significant amount (about 35 vol%) of hard borides homogeneously dispersed in the microstructure, which was effective at increasing hardness and protecting the duplex matrix against abrasion.

Keywords

steelboronspray deposition
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 31 , Issue 19 , 14 October 2016 , pp. 2987 - 2993
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Gardner, L.: The use of stainless steel in structures. Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater. 7(2), 45–55 (2005).Google Scholar
Baddoo, N.R.: Stainless steel in construction: A review of research, applications, challenges and opportunities. J. Constr. Steel Res. 64(11), 1199–1206 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, J-O.: Super duplex stainless steels. Mater. Sci. Technol. 8(8), 685–700 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunn, R.N.: Duplex Stainless Steels: Microstructure, Properties and Applications, 1st ed. (Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvarez-Armas, I. and Degallaix-Moreuil, S.: Duplex Stainless Steels, 1st ed. (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ASM International: ASM Handbook Volume 18: Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology (ASM International, Materials Park, 1992).Google Scholar
Monson, P.J.E. and Steen, W.M.: Comparison of laser hardfacing with conventional processes. Surf. Eng. 6(3), 185–193 (1990).Google Scholar
Mellor, B.G.: Surface Coatings for Protection Against Wear, 1st ed. (Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, 2006).Google Scholar
Ahn, D-G.: Hardfacing technologies for improvement of wear characteristics of hot working tools: A review. Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf. 14(7), 1271–1283 (2013).Google Scholar
Fernandes, F.A.P., Heck, S.C., Pereira, R.G., Picon, C.A., Nascente, P.A.P., and Casteletti, L.C.: Ion nitriding of a superaustenitic stainless steel: Wear and corrosion characterization. Surf. Coat. Technol. 204(18–19), 3087–3090 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gholipour, A., Shamanian, M., and Ashrafizadeh, F.: Microstructure and wear behavior of stellite 6 cladding on 17-4 PH stainless steel. J. Alloys Compd. 509(14), 4905–4909 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ceschini, L., Chiavari, C., Lanzoni, E., and Martini, C.: Low-temperature carburised AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel: Wear and corrosion behaviour. Mater. Des. 38, 154–160 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zepon, G., Nascimento, A.R.C., Kasama, A.H., Nogueira, R.P., Kiminami, C.S., Botta, W.J., and Bolfarini, C.: Design of wear resistant boron-modified supermartensitic stainless steel by spray forming process. Mater. Des. 83, 214–223 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigolo, E., Soyama, J., Zepon, G., Kiminami, C.S., Botta, W.J., and Bolfarini, C.: Wear resistant coatings of boron-modified stainless steels deposited by plasma transferred arc. Surf. Coat. Technol. 302, 255–264 (2016).Google Scholar
Grant, P.S.: Solidification in spray forming. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 38(7), 1520–1529 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebert, T., Moll, F., and Kainer, K.U.: Spray forming of magnesium alloys and composites. Powder Metall. 40(2), 126–130 (1997).Google Scholar
Grant, P.S.: Spray forming. Prog. Mater. Sci. 39(4–5), 497–545 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banjongprasert, C., Hogg, S.C., Liotti, E., Kirk, C.A., Thompson, S.P., Mi, J., and Grant, P.S.: Spray forming of bulk ultrafine-grained Al–Fe–Cr–Ti. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 41(12), 3208–3215 (2010).Google Scholar
Lu, L., Hou, L., Zhang, J., Wang, H., Cui, H., Huang, J., Zhang, Y., and Zhang, J-S.: Microstructure characteristics of spray-formed high speed steel and its evolution during subsequent hot deformation. J. Mater. Res. 31(2), 274–280 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, R., Qu, Y., You, J., and Li, R.: Study on a new retrogression and re-aging treatment of spray formed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy. J. Mater. Res. 31(5), 573–579 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, A., Uhlenwinkel, V., Escher, C., Kohlmann, R., Kulmburg, A., Montero, M.C., Rabitsch, R., Schützenhöfer, W., Stocchi, D., and Viale, D.: Opportunities and challenges of spray forming high-alloyed steels. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 477(1–2), 69–79 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zepon, G., Ellendt, N., Uhlenwinkel, V., and Bolfarini, C.: Solidification sequence of spray-formed steels. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 47(2), 842–851 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ASTM International: ASTM A890/A890M-13—Standard Specification for Castings, Iron–Chromium–Nickel–Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic for General Application (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2013).Google Scholar
Sundman, B., Jansson, B., and Andersson, J-O.: The Thermo-Calc databank system. Calphad 9(2), 153–190 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ASTM International: ASTM G65-G15 Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2015).Google Scholar
Matkovich, V.I.: Boron and Refractory Borides, 1st ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1977).Google Scholar
Azarkevich, A.A., Kovalenko, L.V., and Krasnopolskii, V.M.: The optimum content of boron in steel. Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 37(1), 22–24 (1995).Google Scholar
Cui, C., Fritsching, U., Schulz, A., Tinscher, R., Bauckhage, K., and Mayr, P.: Spray forming of homogeneous 100Cr6 bearing steel billets. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 168(3), 496–504 (2005).Google Scholar
Bourithis, L. and Papadimitriou, G.: Boriding a plain carbon steel with the plasma transferred arc process using boron and chromium diboride powders: Microstructure and wear properties. Mater. Lett. 57(12), 1835–1839 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darabara, M., Papadimitriou, G.D., and Bourithis, L.: Tribological evaluation of Fe–B–TiB2 metal matrix composites. Surf. Coat. Technol. 202(2), 246–253 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourithis, L. and Papadimitriou, G.D.: The effect of microstructure and wear conditions on the wear resistance of steel metal matrix composites fabricated with PTA alloying technique. Wear 266(11–12), 1155–1164 (2009).Google Scholar
Liu, D., Liu, R., Wei, Y., Ma, Y., and Zhu, K.: Microstructure and wear properties of Fe–15Cr–2.5Ti–2C–xB wt% hardfacing alloys. Appl. Surf. Sci. 271, 253–259 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourithis, L. and Papadimitriou, G.: Three body abrasion wear of low carbon steel modified surfaces. Wear 258(11–12), 1775–1786 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar