Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T19:27:27.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microstructure and flow behavior of cast 2304 duplex stainless steel at elevated temperatures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2016

H. Alinejad ,
B. Korojy ,
G.R. Ebrahimi  and
A. Momeni Open the ORCID record for A. Momeni [Opens in a new window]
H. Alinejad*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
B. Korojy
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
G.R. Ebrahimi
Affiliation:
Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran
A. Momeni*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan 6516913733, Iran
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Hot deformation characteristics of 2304 duplex stainless steel were analyzed by hot compression tests at temperature range of 850–1150 °C and strain rates of 0.001–1 s−1. The flow curves at low temperatures and high strain rates were suggesting sluggish dynamic recovery (DRV) in ferrite and partial dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in austenite. However, at high temperatures and low strain rates, the flow curves showed implied the domination of DRV in ferrite. The hyperbolic sine equation with activation energy of 508 kJ/mol could relate the processing parameters. Microstructural observations showed that DRV in ferrite is the controlling mechanism at all deformation conditions. However, at high temperatures and strain rates partial DRX could also occur in austenite. Based on the law of mixture and Baragar’s equations a modified model was proposed to consider work hardening and dynamic softening in the constituents. The model could satisfactorily predict the flow curves at different deformation regimes.

Keywords

hot pressingmicrostructurestress/strain relationshipsteel
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 31 , Issue 24 , 28 December 2016 , pp. 3939 - 3947
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Keshmiri, H., Momeni, A., Dehghani, K., Ebrahimi, G.R., and Heidari, G.: Effect of aging time and temperature on mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of 2205 ferritic–austenitic stainless steel. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 25, 597 (2009).Google Scholar
Fang, Y.L., Liu, Z.Y., Song, H.M., and Jiang, L.Z.: Hot deformation behavior of a new austenite–ferrite duplex stainless steel containing high content of nitrogen. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 526, 128 (2009).Google Scholar
Duprez, L., De Cooman, B.C., and Akdut, N.: Flow stress and ductility of duplex stainless steel during high-temperature torsion deformation. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 33, 1931 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balancin, O., Hoffmann, W.A.M., and Jonas, J.J.: Influence of microstructure on the flow behavior of duplex stainless steels at high temperatures. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 31, 1353 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farnoush, H., Momeni, A., Dehghani, K., Aghazadeh Mohandesi, J., and Keshmiri, H.: Hot deformation characteristics of 2205 duplex stainless steel based on the behavior of constituent phases. Mater. Des. 31, 220 (2010).Google Scholar
Gadelrab, K.R., Li, G., Chiesa, M., and Souier, T.: Local characterization of austenite and ferrite phases in duplex stainless steel using MFM and nanoindentation. J. Mater. Res. 27, 1573 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, Y., Zou, D., Chen, Z., Fan, G., and Zhang, W.: Investigation on hot deformation behavior of 00Cr23Ni4N duplex stainless steel under medium–high strain rates. Mater. Charact. 62, 198 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mao, P., Yang, K., and Su, G.: Hot deformation behavior of an as-cast duplex stainless steel. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 19, 379 (2003).Google Scholar
McQueen, H.J., Ryan, N.D., Evangelista, E., and Xia, X.: Flow stresses, grain and subgrain structures developed by hot working in as-cast 409 stainless steel. Proc. 34th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing, Iron and Steel Inst. AIME, Warrendale, 1993; p. 101.Google Scholar
Cizek, P. and Wynne, B.P.: A mechanism of ferrite softening in a duplex stainless steel deformed in hot torsion. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 230, 88 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momeni, A., Ebrahimi, G.R., Jahazi, M., and Bocher, P.: Microstructure evolution at the onset of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization: A physics-based model of subgrain critical size. J. Alloys Compd. 587, 199 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, H., Zhang, K., Jiang, S., and Lu, Z.: The dynamic recrystallization evolution and kinetics of Ni–18.3Cr–6.4Co–5.9W–4Mo–2.19Al–1.16Ti superalloy during hot deformation. J. Mater. Res. 30, 1029 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momeni, A., Abbasi, S.M., Morakabati, M., Badri, H., and Wang, X.: Dynamic recrystallization behavior and constitutive analysis of Incoloy 901 under hot working condition. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 615, 51 (2014).Google Scholar
Lin, Y.C., Wu, X.Y., Chen, X.M., Chen, J., Wen, D.X., Zhang, J.L., and Li, L.T.: EBSD study of a hot deformed nickel-based superalloy. J. Alloys Compd. 640, 110 (2015).Google Scholar
Momeni, A. and Dehghani, K.: Hot working behavior of 2205 austenite–ferrite duplex stainless steel characterized by constitutive equations and processing maps. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528, 1448 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabrera, J.M., Mateo, A., Llanes, L., Prado, J.M., and Anglada, M.: Hot deformation of duplex stainless steels. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 143–144, 321 (2003).Google Scholar
Momeni, A., Dehghani, K., and Zhang, X.X.: Mechanical and microstructural analysis of 2205 duplex stainless steel under hot working condition. J. Mater. Sci. 47, 2966 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spigarelli, S., El Mehtedi, M., Cabibbo, M., Gabrielli, F., and Ciccarelli, D.: Constitutive equations for prediction of the flow behaviour of duplex stainless steels. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 615, 331 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momeni, A., Dehghani, K., and Poletti, M.C.: Law of mixture used to model the flow behavior of a duplex stainless steel at high temperatures. Mater. Chem. Phys. 139, 747 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y., Ning, Y., Yao, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, J., and Fu, M.: Dynamic recrystallization and microstructure evolution of a powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy under hot working. J. Mater. Res. 31, 2164 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zucato, I., Moreira, M.C., Machado, I.F., and Giampietri Lebrão, S.M.: Microstructural characterization and the effect of phase transformations on toughness of the UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel aged treated at 850 °C. Mater. Res. 5, 385 (2002).Google Scholar
Chen, M.S., Lin, Y.C., and Ma, X.S.: The kinetics of dynamic recrystallization of 42CrMo steel. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 556, 260 (2012).Google Scholar
Momeni, A., Kazemi, S., and Bahrani, A.: Hot deformation behavior of microstructural constituents in a duplex stainless steel during high-temperature straining. Int. J. Miner., Metall. Mater. 20, 953 (2013).Google Scholar
Lin, Y.C. and Chen, X-M.: A critical review of experimental results and constitutive descriptions for metals and alloys in hot working. Mater. Des. 32, 1733 (2011).Google Scholar
Johnson, G.R. and Cook, W.H.: A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures. 7th International Symposium on Ballistics, Den Haag, Netherlands, 1983; p. 541.Google Scholar
Kocks, U.F.: Laws for work-hardening and low-temperature creep. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 98, 76 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, Y.C. and Chen, X.M.: A combined Johnson–Cook and Zerilli–Armstrong model for hot compressed typical high-strength alloy steel. Comput. Mater. Sci. 49, 628 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonas, J.J., Quelennec, X., Jiang, L., and Martin, E.: The Avrami kinetics of dynamic recrystallization. Acta Mater. 57, 2748 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baragar, D.L.: The high temperature and high strain rate behavior of plain carbon and an HSLA steel. J. Mech. Work. Technol. 14, 295 (1987).Google Scholar
Cingara, A. and McQueen, H.J.: New formula for calculating flow curves from high temperature constitutive data for 300 austenitic steels. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 36, 31 (1992).Google Scholar
Yazdani, M., Abbasi, S.M., Karimi Taheri, A., and Momeni, A.: Hot deformation behavior of Fe–29Ni–17Co alloy. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 23, 3271 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momeni, A.: Application of a self-consistent model to study the flow behavior of CuZn39Pb3 at elevated temperatures. J. Mater. Res. 30, 3453 (2015).Google Scholar