Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-fmk2r Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-16T05:51:32.776Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microstructural and electrochemical characterization of hydroxyapatite-coated Ti6Al4V alloy for medical implants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Jianhui Xie  and
Ben Li Luan
Jianhui Xie
Affiliation:
Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Institute (IMTI), National Research Council, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 4X8
Ben Li Luan*
Affiliation:
Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Institute (IMTI), National Research Council, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 4X8
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The in vitro behaviors of the etched, electrochemically anodized, and hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated Ti6Al4V alloys were investigated through microstructural analysis, electrochemical measurements, and immersion tests in the Hank’s solution. A nanometer-scale, bonelike porous structure with a layer of TiO2 on top was formed during the anodization process. The surface of the coated substrate was composed of a thin TiO2 layer adjacent to the substrate, a thick monolithic HA on the outside, and a composite layer of TiO2 and HA in the middle. The anodization significantly improved the stability of the Ti6Al4V alloy in Hank’s solution due to a layer of TiO2 formed on the surface. The precoated HA further improved the stability of the Ti6Al4V alloy due to a composite layer of TiO2 and HA. The barrier layer of the composite of TiO2 and HA was suggested by the capacitive behavior of the HA-coated substrate in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical measurements implied a high tendency for the new formation of HA on the precoated HA and the anodized substrates, which was confirmed through the immersion tests. The newly formed HA on the anodized substrate was scattered over the entire surface. The newly formed HA on the HA-precoated surface mingled with the precoated HA, and gradually a new layer of HA was formed on top. These proved the favorable condition of the anodized surface as a prerequisite step for coating HA and the conductive promotion of new HA formation on the precoated surface. The new formation of HA during the immersion might suggest that artificial joints pretreated through anodization and HA coating could induce strong bonding to the bone due to the easy growth of new HA.

Keywords

CorrosionTi
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , March 2008 , pp. 768 - 779
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Kannan, S., Balamurugan, A., Rajeswari, S.: Electrochemical characterization of hydroxyapatite coatings on HNO3 passivated 316L SS for implant applications. Electrochim. Acta 50, 2065 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Balamurugan, A., Balossier, G., Kannan, S., Michel, J., Rajeswari, S.: In vitro biological, chemical and electrochemical evaluation of titania reinforced hydroxyapatite sol-gel coatings on surgical grade 316L SS. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 27, 162 2007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Fathi, M.H., Salehi, M., Saatchi, A., Mortazavi, V., Moosavi, S.B.: In vitro corrosion behavior of bioceramic, metallic and bioceramic-metallic coated stainless steel dental implants. Dent. Mater. 16, 188 2003Google Scholar
4Metikoš-Huković, M., Tkalčec, E., Kwokal, A., Piljac, J.: An in vitro study of Ti and Ti-alloys coated with sol-gel derived hydroxyapatite coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 165, 40 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Kim, H.M., Miyaji, F., Kokubo, T., Nakamura, T.: Preparation of bioactive Ti and its alloys via simple chemical surface treatment. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 32, 409 19963.0.CO;2-B>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Xie, J., Alpas, A.T., Northwood, D.O.: A mechanism for corrosion fatigue of 316L stainless steel in Hank’s solution. Mater. Charact. 48, 271 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Arenas, M.A., Tate, T.J., Conde, A., de Damborenea, J.: Corrosion behavior of nitrogen implanted titanium in simulated body fluid. Br. Corros. J. 35, 232 2000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Ban, S., Hasegawa, J.: Electrochemical corrosion behavior of hydroxyapatite-glass-titanium composite. Biomaterials 12, 205 1991CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Baszkiewicz, J., Krupa, D., Mizera, J., Sobczak, J.W., Biliński, A.: Corrosion resistance of the surface layers formed on titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment. Vacuum 78, 143 2005Google Scholar
10Sousa, S.R., Barbosa, M.A.: Effect of hydroxyapatite thickness on metal ion release from Ti6Al4V substrates. Biomaterials 17, 397 1996CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Narayanan, R., Dutta, S., Seshadri, S.K.: Hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti6Al4V from seashell. Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 4720 2006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Garc´a, C., Cerė, S., Durán, A.: Bioactive coatings deposited on titanium alloys. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 352, 3488 2006Google Scholar
13Hayakawa, S., Osaka, A.: Biomimetic deposition of calcium phosphates on oxides soaked in a simulated body fluid. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 263-264, 409 2000Google Scholar
14Souto, R.M., Laz, M.M., Leis, R.L.: Degradation characteristics of hydroxyapatite coatings on orthopaedic TiAlV in simulated physiological media investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Biomaterials 24, 4213 2003Google Scholar
15Jacobs, J.J., Sumner, D.R., Galante, J.O.: Mechanism of bone loss associated with total hip replacement. Orthop. Clin. North Am. 24, 583 1993Google Scholar
16van Lenthe, G., Malefijt, M. waal, Huiskes, R.: Stress shielding after total knee replacement may cause bone resorption in the distal femur. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 79, 117 1997CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Wan, Z.N., Dorr, L.D., Woodstone, T., Ranawat, A., Song, M.: Effect of stem stiffness and bone stiffness on bone remodeling in cemented total hip replacement. J. Arthroplasty 14, 149 1999Google Scholar
18Liang, F., Zhou, L., Wang, K.: Apatite formation on porous titanium by alkali and heat-treatment. Surf. Coat Technol. 165, 133 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Xie, J., Luan, B.: Nanometer–scale surface modification of Ti6Al4V alloy for orthopedic applications. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., A 84, 63 2008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Ding, S.J.: Properties and immersion behavior of magnetron-sputtered multi-layered hydroxyapatite/titanium composite coatings. Biomaterials 24, 4233 2003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21Cabrini, M., Cigada, A., Rondelli, G., Vicentini, B.: Effect of different surface finishing and of hydroxyapatite coatings on passive and corrosion current of Ti6Al4V alloy in simulated physiological solution. Biomaterials 18, 783 1997CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22Cook, S.D., Thomas, K.A., Dalton, J.E., Volkman, T.K., Whitecloud, T.S., Kay, J.F.: Hydroxylapatite coating of porous implants improves bone ingrowth and interface attachment strength. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 26, 989 1992Google Scholar
23Ducheyne, P., Beight, J., Cuckler, J., Evans, B., Radin, S.: Effect of calcium phosphate coating characteristics on early post-operative bone tissue ingrowth. Biomaterials 11, 531 1990CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24He, G., Deng, X., Cen, Y., Li, X., Luo, E., Nie, R., Zhao, Y., Liang, Z., Chen, Z.: Development and characterization of nano-TiO2/HA composite bioceramic coating on titanium surface. Key Eng. Mater. 336-338, 1802 2007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Ng, B.S., Annergren, I., Soutar, A.M., Khor, K.A., Jarfors, A.E.W.: Characterization of a duplex TiO2/CaP coating on Ti6Al4V for hard tissue replacement. Biomaterials 26, 1087 2005Google Scholar
26Xiao, X., Liu, R., Zheng, Y.: Hydoxyapatite/titanium composite coating prepared by hydrothermal–electrochemical technique. Mater. Lett. 59, 1660 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Lee, S., Kim, H., Lee, E., Li, L., Kim, H.: Hydroxyapatite-TiO2 hybrid coating on Ti implants. J. Biomater. Appl. 20, 195 2006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28Browne, M., Gregson, P.J.: Surface modification of titanium alloy implants. Biomaterials 15, 894 1994CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29Sousa, S.R., Barbosa, M.A.: The effect of hydroxyapatite thickness on metal ion release from stainless steel substrates. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 6, 818 1995Google Scholar
30Lee, Y.P., Wang, C.K., Huang, T.H., Chen, C.C., Kao, C.T., Ding, S.J.: In vitro characterization of postheat-treated plasmasprayed hydroxyapatite coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 197, 367 2005Google Scholar
31Chen, C.C., Huang, T.H., Kao, C.T., Ding, S.J.: Electrochemical study of the in vitro degradation of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite/bioactive composite coatings after heat treatment. Electrochim. Acta 50, 1023 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Ding, S.J., Ju, C.P., Lin, J.H.C.: Morphology and immersion behavior of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite/bioactive glass coatings. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 11, 183 2000Google Scholar
33Kokubo, T.: Apatite formation on surfaces of ceramics, metals and polymers in body environment. Acta Mater. 46, 2519 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34Jonášová, L., Müller, F.A., Helebrant, A., Strnad, J., Greil, P.: Biomimetic apatite formation on chemically treated titanium. Biomaterials 25, 1187 2004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35Sittig, C., Textor, M., Spencer, N.D., Wieland, M., Vallotton, P.H.: Surface characterization of implant materials c.p.Ti, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V with different pretreatment. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 10, 35 1999Google Scholar
36Sittig, C., Hahner, G., Marti, A., Textor, M., Spencer, N.D., Hauert, R.: The implant materials, Ti6Al7Nb: Surface microstructure, composition and properties. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 10, 191 1999Google ScholarPubMed
37Frauchiger, L., Taborelli, M., Descouts, P.: Structural characterization of Ti90Al6V4 alloy and sulphur segregation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 115, 232 1997CrossRefGoogle Scholar