Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T12:58:46.441Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Lithium-assisted creep deformation behavior of Sn nanoparticle electrode with fracture-resistant ability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2019

Chaoqun Xu ,
Qiufeng Deng ,
Zhengdong Weng ,
Bingbing Chen  and
Jianqiu Zhou
Chaoqun Xu
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
Qiufeng Deng
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
Zhengdong Weng
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
Bingbing Chen*
Affiliation:
Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
Jianqiu Zhou*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; and School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected]
b)e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Mechanical fracture of electrodes will occur during lithiation caused by large volume changes, which leads to the capacity loss of the lithium-ion battery. Herein, we present a new analytical model to investigate the effect of creep deformation on stress relaxation and fracture of the lithiated tin (Sn) electrode under the galvanostatic and potentiostatic operation. Interestingly, it is found that the presence of creep can improve fracture resistance and toughness of the Sn electrode. In addition, the surface effect has the capacity to weaken the creep deformation effectively. And the different size of the Sn electrode shows different effects for creep deformation. This conclusion explains the difference in charging conditions, and the mechanism of stress change inside the electrode is also different. Deeply, the base on our model, the stress strength factor, and critical size of the electrode have been evaluated under galvanostatic and potentiostatic operation with creep deformation effects. Finally, the safety area during lithiation is established to determine the critical size of the Sn electrode. And the presence of creep deformation may significantly increase critical dimensions of the electrode. These results will provide a valuable basis to design the durable electrodes.

Keywords

lithium-ion batteriescreep deformationfracturestress relaxation
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 34 , Issue 23 , 16 December 2019 , pp. 3887 - 3898
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Nam, K.T., Kim, D.W., Yoo, P.J., Chiang, C.Y., Meethong, N., Hammond, P.T., Chiang, Y.M., and Belcher, A.M.: Virus-enabled synthesis and assembly of nanowires for lithium ion battery electrodes. Science 312, 885 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukhopadhyay, A. and Sheldon, B.W.: Deformation and stress in electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Prog. Mater. Sci. 63, 58 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodenough, J.B. and Kim, Y.: Challenges for rechargeable Li batteries. Chem. Mater. 22, 587 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, W.J.: A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 196, 13 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edfouf, Z., Cuevas, F., Latroche, M., Georges, C., Jordy, C., Hézèque, T., Caillon, G., Jumas, J.C., and Sougrati, M.T.: Nanostructured Si/Sn–Ni/C composite as negative electrode for Li-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 196, 4762 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obrovac, M.N., Christensen, L., Le, D.B., and Dahnb, J.R.: Alloy design for lithium-ion battery anodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 154, A849 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, X.H., Zheng, H., Zhong, L., Huan, S., Karki, K., Zhang, L.Q., Liu, Y., Kushima, A., Liang, W.T., Wang, J.W., Cho, J.H., Epstein, E., Dayeh, S.A., Picraux, S.T., Zhu, T., Li, J., Sullivan, J.P., Cumings, J., Wang, C.S., Mao, S.X., Ye, Z.Z., Zhang, S.L., and Huang, J.Y.: Anisotropic swelling and fracture of silicon nanowires during lithiation. Nano Lett. 11, 3312 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhao, K.J., Pharr, M., Vlassak, J.J., and Suo, Z.G.: Fracture of electrodes in lithium-ion batteries caused by fast charging. J. Appl. Phys. 108, 073517 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huggins, R.A. and Nix, W.D.: Decrepitation model for capacity loss during cycling of alloys in rechargeable electrochemical systems. Ionics 6, 57 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S.W., Lee, H.W., Ryu, I., Nix, W.D., Gao, H.J., and Cui, Y.: Kinetics and fracture resistance of lithiated silicon nanostructure pairs controlled by their mechanical interaction. Nat. Commun. 6, 7533 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ChiuHuang, C.K. and Huang, H.Y.S.: Critical lithiation for C-rate dependent mechanical stresses in LiFePO4. J. Solid State Electrochem. 19, 2245 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S.W., McDowell, M.T., Berla, L.A., Nix, W.D., and Cui, Y.: Fracture of crystalline silicon nanopillars during electrochemical lithium insertion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 4080 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weng, L., Zhou, J.Q., and Cai, R.: Analytical model of Li-ion diffusion-induced stress in nanowire and negative Poisson’s ratio electrode under different operations. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 141, 245 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, X.X. and Yan, L.T.: Core–shell spheres under diametrical compression: An analytical solution. Eur. J. Mech. A Solid. 62, 39 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, X.P., Zhao, Y.J., Cai, R., and Zhou, J.Q.: Surface effected fracture behavior of nano-spherical electrodes during lithiation reaction. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 707, 92 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhandakkar, T.K. and Gao, H.: Cohesive modeling of crack nucleation under diffusion induced stresses in a thin strip: Implications on the critical size for flaw tolerant battery electrodes. Int. J. Solids Struct. 47, 1424 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, X.H. and Huang, J.Y.: In situ TEM electrochemistry of anode materials in lithium ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 3844 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gu, M., Yang, H., Perea, D.E., Zhang, J.G., Zhang, S.L., and Wang, C.M.: Bending-induced symmetry breaking of lithiation in germanium nanowires. Nano Lett. 14, 4622 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ye, Y.H., Shi, Y.X., Cai, N.S., Lee, J., and He, X.M.: Electro-thermal modeling and experimental validation for lithium ion battery. J. Power Sources 199, 227 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, B.B., Zhou, J.Q., and Cai, R.: Analytical model for crack propagation in spherical nano electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta 210, 7 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chon, M.J., Sethuraman, V.A., McCormick, A., Srinivasan, V., and Guduru, P.R.: Real-time measurement of stress and damage evolution during initial lithiation of crystalline silicon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 045503 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, J., Fang, Q.H., Liu, F., and Liu, Y.W.: Analytical modeling of dislocation effect on diffusion induced stress in a cylindrical lithium ion battery electrode. J. Power Sources 272, 121 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S.W., Ryu, I., Nix, W.D., and Cui, Y.: Fracture of crystalline germanium during electrochemical lithium insertion. Extreme Mech. Lett. 2, 15 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, X.H., Zhong, L., Huang, S., Mao, S.X., Zhu, T., and Huang, J.Y.: Size-dependent fracture of silicon nanoparticles during lithiation. ACS Nano 6, 1522 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hao, F., Gao, X., and Fang, D.N.: Diffusion-induced stresses of electrode nanomaterials in lithium-ion battery: The effects of surface stress. J. Appl. Phys. 112, 103507 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, C.J., Weng, L., Ji, L., and Zhou, J.Q.: An analytical model for the fracture behavior of the flexible lithium-ion batteries under bending deformation. Eur. J. Mech. A Solid. 73, 47 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, Y.F. and Zhou, M.: Coupled mechano-diffusional driving forces for fracture in electrode materials. J. Power Sources 230, 176 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, K., Li, Y., and Zheng, B.L.: Effects of concentration-dependent elastic modulus on Li-ions diffusion and diffusion-induced stresses in spherical composition-gradient electrodes. J. Appl. Phys. 118, 105102 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, L., Fan, F., Hong, L., Chen, J., Ji, Y.Z., Zhang, S.L., Zhu, T., and Chen, L.Q.: A phase-field model coupled with large elasto-plastic deformation: Application to lithiated silicon electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 161, F3164 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Z.J., Zhou, J.Q., Chen, B.B., and Zhu, J.W.: Interaction between dislocation mechanics on diffusion induced stress and electrochemical reaction in a spherical lithium ion battery electrode. RSC Adv. 5, 74835 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J.W., Fan, F.F., Liu, Y., Jungjohann, K.L., Lee, S.W., Mao, S.X., Liu, X.H., and Zhu, T.: Structural evolution and pulverization of tin nanoparticles during lithiation-delithiation cycling. J. Electrochem. Soc. 161, F3019 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Q.Q., Xuan, F.Z., and Tu, S.T.: Residual stress analysis in the film/substrate system with the effect of creep deformation. J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083530 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boles, S.T., Thompson, C.V., Kraft, O., and Monig, R.: In situ tensile and creep testing of lithiated silicon nanowires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, A93 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qaiser, N., Yong, J.K., Hong, C.S., and Han, S.M.J.: Numerical modeling of fracture-resistant Sn micropillars as anode for lithium ion batteries. J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 6953 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, Y., Qi, C., Xu, S., Wang, F., and Xiang, Z.: Stress self-relaxation arising from diffusion-induced creep in bilayer lithium-ion battery electrode. Scr. Mater. 150, 164 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deshpande, R., Cheng, Y.T., and Verbrugge, M.W.: Modeling diffusion-induced stress in nanowire electrode structures. J. Power Sources 195, 5081 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, K.P., Chan, K.C., and Yue, T.M.: A study of hardness and grain size in pulse current electroforming of nickel using different shaped waveforms. J. Appl. Electrochem. 31, 25 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timoshenko, S.P., Goodier, J.N., and Abramson, H.N.: Theory of elasticity (3rd ed.). J. Appl. Mech. 37, 888 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, H., Kang, I., Han, J., Kim, J.B., Lee, D.Y., Cho, S.M., and Cho, J.H.: Flexible and mechanically robust organic light-emitting diodes based on photopatternable silver nanowire electrodes. J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 22012 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, J.W., Zhou, J.Q., Chen, B.B., Liu, Z.J., and Liu, T.: Dislocation effect on diffusion-induced stress for lithiation in hollow spherical electrode. J. Solid State Electrochem. 20, 37 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattheck, C., Munz, D., and Stamm, H.: Stress intensity factor for semi-elliptical surface cracks loaded by stress gradients. Eng. Fract. Mech. 18, 633 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, Z.S., Xie, Z.C., Wang, Y., Zhang, P.P., Pan, Y., Zhou, Y.C., and Lu, C.: Failure modes of hollow core–shell structural active materials during the lithiation-delithiation process. J. Power Sources 290, 114 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, H., Xie, Z.C., Wang, Y., Lu, C.S., and Ma, Z.S.: Modeling diffusion-induced stress on two-phase lithiation in lithium-ion batteries. Eur. J. Mech. A Solid. 71, 320 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Xu et al. supplementary material

Xu et al. supplementary material

Download Xu et al. supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 74.1 KB