Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T11:28:49.276Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Is there a hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) → face-centered-cubic (fcc) allotropic transformation in mechanically milled Group IVB elements?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Uma M.R. Seelam ,
Gagik Barkhordarian  and
Challapalli Suryanarayana
Uma M.R. Seelam
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2450
Gagik Barkhordarian
Affiliation:
Department Powder and NanoTechnology, Institute for Materials Research, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
Challapalli Suryanarayana*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2450
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Allotropic hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) → face-centered-cubic (fcc) transformations were reported in Group IVB elements titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and hafnium (Hf) subjected to mechanical milling in a high-energy SPEX shaker mill. Although the transformation was observed in powders milled under regular conditions, no such phase transformation was observed when the powders were milled in an ultrahigh purity environment by placing the powder in a milling container under a high-purity argon atmosphere, which was in turn placed in an argon-filled glove box for milling. From a critical analysis of the results, it was concluded that the hcp → fcc phase transformation was, at least partially, due to pick-up of interstitial impurities by the powder during milling of these powders to the nanocrystalline state.

Keywords

Mechanical alloyingPhase transformationX-ray diffraction (XRD)
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 24 , Issue 11 , November 2009 , pp. 3454 - 3461
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

l.Gleiter, H.: Nanocrystalline materials. Prog. Mater. Sci. 33, 223 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Suryanarayana, C.: Nanocrystalline materials. Int. Mater. Rev. 40, 41 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Gleiter, H.: Nanostructured materials: Basic concepts and microstructure. Acta Mater. 48, 1 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Suryanarayana, C.: Recent developments in nanostructured materials. Adv. Eng. Mater. 7, 983 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Nanostructured Materials, 2nd ed., edited by Koch, C.C. (William Andrew, Norwich, NY, 2007).Google Scholar
6.Gleiter, H.: Our thoughts are ours, their ends none of our own: Are there ways to synthesize materials beyond the limitations of today? Acta Mater. 56, 5875 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Manna, I., Chattopadhyay, P.P., Nandi, P., Banhart, F., and Fecht, H.J.: Formation of face-centered-cubic titanium by mechanical attrition. J. Appl. Phys. 93, 1520 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Manna, I., Chattopadhyay, P.P., Banhart, F., and Fecht, H.J.: Formation of face-centered-cubic zirconium by mechanical attrition. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4136 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Seelam, U.M.R. and Suryanarayana, C.: Mechanically induced fcc phase formation in nanocrystalline hafnium. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 063524 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Huang, J.Y., Wu, Y.K., Ye, H.Q., and Lu, K.: Allotropic transformation of cobalt induced by ball milling. Nanostruct. Mater. 6, 723 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Huang, J.Y., Wu, Y.K., and Ye, H.Q.: Allotropic transformation of cobalt induced by ball milling. Acta Mater. 44, 1201 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Bianco, L. Del, Ballesteros, C., Rojo, J.M., and Hernando, A.: Magnetically ordered fcc structure at the relaxed grain boundaries of pure nanocrystalline Fe. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4500 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Chatterjee, P.P., Pabi, S.K., and Manna, I.: An allotropic transformation induced by mechanical alloying. J. Appl. Phys. 86, 5912 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Chattopadhyay, P.P., Pabi, S.K., and Manna, I.: A metastable allotropic transformation in Nb induced by planetary ball milling. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 304306, 424 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Shechtman, D., van Heerden, D., and Josell, D.: FCC titanium in Ti-Al multilayers. Mater. Lett. 20, 329 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Van Heerden, D., Josell, D., and Shechtman, D.: The formation of F.C.C. titanium in titanium-aluminum multilayers. Acta Mater. 44, 297 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, edited by Massalski, T.B. (ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990).Google Scholar
18.Villars, P. and Calvert, L.D.: Pearsons Handbook of Crystallographic Data for Intermetallic Phases, 2nd ed. (ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1991).Google Scholar
19.Guo, W., Martelli, S., Padella, F., Magini, M., Burgio, N., Paradiso, E., and Franzoni, U.: F.C.C. metastable phase induced in the TiAl system by mechanical alloying of pure elemental powders. Mater. Sci. Forum 8890, 139 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Guo, W., Martelli, S., Burgio, N., Magini, M., Padella, F., Paradiso, E., and Soletta, I.: Mechanical alloying of the TiAl system. J. Mater. Sci. 26, 6190 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Suryanarayana, C.: Does a disordered -TiAl phase exist in mechanically alloyed TiAl powders? Intermetallics 3, 153 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Fecht, H.J., Han, G., Fu, Z., and Johnson, W.L.: Metastable phase formation in the ZrAl binary system induced by mechanical alloying. J. Appl. Phys. 67, 1744 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Peng, Z., Suryanarayana, C., and Froes, F.H.: Mechanical alloying of NbAl powders. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 27, 41 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Banerjee, R., Sperling, E.A., Thompson, G.B., Fraser, H.L., Bose, S., and Ayyub, P.: Lattice expansion in nanocrystalline niobium thin films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4250 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Suryanarayana, C.: Mechanical alloying and milling. Prog. Mater. Sci. 46, 1 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Suryanarayana, C.: Mechanical Alloying and Milling (Dekker, New York, 2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Klassen, T., Oehring, M., and Bormann, R.: Microscopic mechanisms of metastable phase formation during ball milling of intermetallic TiAl phases. Acta Mater. 45, 3935 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Suryanarayana, C. and Norton, M. Grant: X-Ray Diffraction: A Practical Approach (Plenum Press, New York, 1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Kaufman, L.: Phase Stability in Metals and Alloys, edited by Rudman, P.S., Stringer, J., and Jaffee, R.I. (McGrawHill,New York, 1967)Google Scholar
30.Rose, J.H., Smith, J.R., Guinea, F., and Ferrante, J.: Universal features of the equation of state of metals. Phys. Rev. B 29, 2963 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Fecht, H.J.: Thermodynamic properties and stability of grain boundaries in metals based on the universal equation of state at negative pressure. Acta Metall. Mater. 38, 1927 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Wang, Y., Suryanarayana, C., and An, L.: Phase transformation in nanometer-sized -alumina by mechanical milling. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 780 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar