Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T20:49:34.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influences of oxygen impurity contained in nitrogen gas on the reactions of chromium with nitrogen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Yung-Shou Ho ,
Fong-Shung Huang  and
Fu-Hsing Lu
Yung-Shou Ho*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, Foo-Ying University, Ta-Liao Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien 831, Taiwan, Republic of China
Fong-Shung Huang
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Technology, Foo-Ying University, Ta-Liao Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien 831, Taiwan, Republic of China
Fu-Hsing Lu
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In this research, the influences of the oxygen impurity contained in the commercially available nitrogen gas on the reactions of chromium pellets with nitrogen were investigated in the temperature range 600–1350 °C. A small amount of oxygen competed with the majority N2 to react with chromium in the annealing process. Analyzing the in situ oxygen partial pressure changes during annealing proved that the dissolution of oxygen in Cr and/or resultant CrxN (CrN or Cr2N) was exothermic and the solubility decreased with increasing temperature. It was found that the oxygen partial pressure decreased drastically to about 10−22 atm when specimens were annealed at 600 °C compared to a mere 10−5 atm for a blank test, while its value increased with temperature. The oxidation involved simultaneous dissolution of oxygen in specimens and formation of oxide scale. Moreover, comparing the aforementioned results with those obtained from additional annealing experiments preformed in argon gas showed that the formation of Cr2O3 might stem mainly from oxidation of the resultant nitrides instead of the metallic chromium.

Keywords

Oxidation/annealingPhase transformation
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 20 , Issue 10 , October 2005 , pp. 2745 - 2753
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Lu, F-H. and Lo, J-L.: The influences of oxygen impurity contained in nitrogen gas on the annealing of titanium nitride. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 22, 1367 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Mayrhofer, P.H., Tischler, G. and Mitterer, C.: Microstructure and mechanical thermal properties of Cr-N coatings deposited by reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Surf. Coat. Technol. 142–144, 78 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Hones, P., Diserens, M. and Levy, F.: Characterizaton of sputter-deposited chromium oxide thin film. Surf. Coat. Technol. 120–121, 277 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Wilhartitz, P., Dreer, S. and Ramminger, P.: Can oxygen stabilize chromium nitride? Characterization of high temperature cycled chromium oxynitride. Thin Solid Films 447–448, 289 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Mayrhofer, P.H., Willmann, H. and Mitterer, C.: Oxidation kinetics of sputtered CrN hard coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 146–147, 222 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Lu, F-H., Chen, H-Y. and Hung, C-H.: Degradation of CrN films at high temperature under controlled atmosphere. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A. 21, 671 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Tu, J-N., Duh, J-G and Tsai, S-Y.: Morphology, mechanical properties, and oxidation behavior of reactively sputtered Cr–N films. Surf. Coat. Technol. 133–134, 181 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Huber, E. and Hofmann, S.: Oxidation behavior of chromium-based nitride coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 68–69, 64 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Kacsich, T., Lieb, K.P., Schaper, A. and Schulte, O.: Oxidation of thin chromium nitride films: Kinetics and morphology. J. Phys: Condens. Matter 8, 10703 (1996).Google Scholar
10Ichimura, H. and Kawana, A.: High temperature oxidation of ion-plated CrN films. J. Mater. Res. 9, 151 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Sieverts, A. and Hagenacker, J.: On the solubility of hydrogen and oxygen in solid and melted silver. Z. Phys. Chem. 68, 115 1907 , (in German).Google Scholar
12Smith, D.P., Eastwood, L.W., Carney, D.J. and Sims, C.E.: Gases in Metals (ASM, Cleveland, OH, 1953), pp. 1–20.Google Scholar
13Kofstad, P. and Lillerud, K.P.: On high temperature oxidation of chromium. J. Electrochem. Soc. 127, 2410 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Chen, H-Y. and Lu, F-H.: Phase transformation in chromium nitride films. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 21, 695 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Barin, I. and Platzki, G.: Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, Vol. 1, 3rd ed. (VCH, New York, 1995), pp. 555, 567, 573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Lyutaya, M.D. and Kulik, O.P.: Some characteristics of the formation of chromium nitrides. Sov. Powder Metal. Metal Ceram. 13, 792 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Cullity, B.D.: Elements of X-ray Diffraction, 2nd ed. (Addison-Wesley, Reading, PA, 1978), pp. 355–358.Google Scholar