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The influence of microstructure on the electrochromic properties of LixWO3 thin films: Part I. Ion diffusion and electrochromic properties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Ji-Guang Zhang ,
Edwin C. Tracy ,
David K. Benson  and
Satyen K. Deb
Ji-Guang Zhang
Affiliation:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393
Edwin C. Tracy
Affiliation:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393
David K. Benson
Affiliation:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393
Satyen K. Deb
Affiliation:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393
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Abstract

The chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium ions in LixWO3 films were investigated as a function of lithium concentration and film porosity. Thin films were deposited with different porosities by thermal evaporation of WO3 powder in various partial water pressures. Our results indicate that diffusion coefficients increase with film porosity and decrease with increasing lithium concentration. Large diffusion coefficients that were found for small lithium concentrations appear to be due to the contribution of protons generated from ion exchange reactions between lithium and water incorporated in the film. Simultaneous electrical and in situ optical measurements were carried out to study the effect of porosity on the electrochromic properties of LixWO3. The coloring efficiency of porous WO3 films increases by approximately 70% when deposited in partial water pressure of 10−4 Torr, but decreases with further increments in water pressure.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 8 , Issue 10 , October 1993 , pp. 2649 - 2656
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1993

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