Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T15:48:09.776Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Grain-refinement mechanisms in titanium alloys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

M.J. Bermingham ,
S.D. McDonald ,
M.S. Dargusch  and
D.H. StJohn
M.J. Bermingham*
Affiliation:
CAST Cooperative Research Centre, School of Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
S.D. McDonald
Affiliation:
CAST Cooperative Research Centre, School of Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
M.S. Dargusch
Affiliation:
CAST Cooperative Research Centre, School of Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
D.H. StJohn
Affiliation:
CAST Cooperative Research Centre, School of Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Despite the importance of the prior-β grain structure in determining the properties of titanium-based alloys, there are few published studies on methods of controlling the size of these grains in commercial alloys. The existing research raises questions about the relative importance of solute elements in grain-refining mechanisms, particularly the common alloying elements of aluminum and vanadium. The effect of these elements was investigated by producing a series of castings in a nonconsumable arc-melting furnace, and the results were interpreted with the aid of available phase-diagram information and solute-based models of grain refinement. A small reduction in grain size was obtained with increasing solute additions; however, this was not expected from the theoretical analysis. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

Keywords

CastingGrain sizeTi
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , January 2008 , pp. 97 - 104
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Kraft, E.H.: 21st annual International Titanium Association conference and exhibition. Light Met. Age 64, 65 2006Google Scholar
2Simpson, J.: 22nd annual International Titanium Association (ITA) conference and exhibition, Oct. 1–3, 2006, San Diego, CA. Mater. Technol. 21, 240 2006Google Scholar
3Bhatnagar, D., Jancy, A., Bhatia, D.N., Giri, D.Mamalingam, M.: Future of titanium alloy castings. Foundry Trade J. 179, 249 2005Google Scholar
4Crossley, F.A.: Grain refinement of titanium alloys. U.S. Patent No. 4420460, December 13, 1983Google Scholar
5Early, P.W.Burns, S.J.: Improved toughness from prior beta grains in Ti-6Al-4V. Scripta Metall. 11, 867 1977CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Yu, J., Zhao, Z.J.Li, L.X.: Corrosion fatigue resistances of surgical implant stainless steels and titanium alloy. Corros. Sci. 35, 587 1993CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Balyanov, A., Kutnyakova, J., Amirkhanova, N.A., Stolyarov, V.V., Valiev, R.Z., Liao, X.Z., Zhao, Y.H., Jiang, Y.B., Xu, H.F., Lowe, T.C.Zhu, Y.T.: Corrosion resistance of ultra fine-grained Ti. Scripta Mater. 51, 225 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Yao, C., Slamovich, E.B., Webster, T.J., Qazi, J.I.Rack, H.J.: Improved bone cell adhesion on ultrafine grained titanium and Ti–6Al–4V in Ceramic Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology III Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society Ceramic Transactions Indianapolis, IN 2004 239Google Scholar
9Comley, P.N.: Manufacturing advantages of superplastically formed fine-grained Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J. Mater. Eng. Perf. 13, 660 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Pitt, F.Ramulu, M.: Influence of grain size and microstructure on oxidation rates in titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V under superplastic forming conditions. J. Mater. Eng. Perf. 13, 727 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Prasad, Y.V.R.K., Seshacharyulu, T., Medeiros, S.C.Frazier, W.G.: Effect of prior β-grain size on the hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V: Coarse vs coarser. J. Mater. Eng. Perf. 9, 153 2000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Samsonov, G.V., Kashchuk, V.A.Cherkashin, A.I.: Effect of transition metals on the grain size of titanium. Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met. 11, 30 1970Google Scholar
13Tamirisakandala, S., Bhat, R.B., Tiley, J.S.Miracle, D.B.: Grain refinement of cast titanium alloys via trace boron addition. Scripta Mater. 43, 1421 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Tamirisakandala, S., Bhat, R.B., Tiley, J.S.Miracle, D.B.: Processing, microstructure and properties of β titanium alloys modified with boron. J. Mater. Eng. Perf. 14, 741 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Zhu, J., Kamiya, A., Yamada, T., Shi, W.Naganuma, K.: Influence of boron addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of dental cast titanium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 339, 53 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16McCartney, D.G.: Grain refining of aluminium and its alloys using inoculants. Int. Mater. Rev. 34, 247 1989CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Greer, A.L., Cooper, P.S., Meredith, M.W., Schnider, W., Schumacher, P., Spittle, J.A.Tronche, A.: Grain refinement of aluminum alloys by inoculation. Adv. Eng. Mater. 5, 81 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Easton, M.A.StJohn, D.H.: An analysis of the relationship between grain size, solute content, and the potency and number density of nucleant particles. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 36, 1911 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Easton, M.A.StJohn, D.H.: A model of grain refinement incorporating alloy constitution and potency of heterogeneous nuleant particles. Acta Mater. 49, 1867 2001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20StJohn, D.H., Qian, M.A., Easton, M.A., Cao, P.Hildebrand, Z.: Grain refinement of magnesium alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 36, 1669 2005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Lee, Y.C., Dahle, A.K., StJohn, D.H.Hutt, J.E.C.: The effect of grain refinement and silicon content on grain formation in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 259, 43 1999CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22ASTM International.E 112: 96 Standard test methods for determining average grain size in Annual Book of ASTM Standards ASTM International Baltimore, MD 2005 267Google Scholar
23Glavicic, M.G., Kobryn, P.A., Bieler, T.R.Semiatin, S.L.: An automated method to determine the orientatoin of the high-temperature beta phase from measured EBSD data for the low-temperature alpha-phase in Ti-6Al-4V. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 351, 258 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Newman, J., Eylon, D.Thorne, J.K.: Titanium and titanium alloys in ASM Handbook: Casting ASM International Materials Park, OH 1990 824Google Scholar
25Boyer, R.: Titanium and titanium alloys in ASM Handbook: Metallography and Microstructures ASM International Materials Park, OH 1990 458Google Scholar
26American Society for MetalsAtlas of microstructures of industrial alloys, in Metals Handbook edited by T. Lyman, E. Boyer, J. Carnes, and P. Unterweiser American Society for Metals Materials Park, OH 1972Google Scholar
27Alloy phase diagrams, in ASM Handbook ASM International Materials Park, OH 1990Google Scholar
28Dahle, A.K.Arnberg, L.: On the assumption of an additive effect of solute elements in dendrite growth. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 225, 38 1997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Easton, M.A.StJohn, D.H.: The effect of alloy content on the grain refinement of aluminium alloys in Light Metals: Proceedings of Sessions, TMS Annual Meeting The Metals Society Warrendale, PA 2001 927Google Scholar
30Quested, T.E.Greer, A.L.: Growth-restriction effects in grain refinement of aluminium. Proceedings of the technical sessions presented by the TMS Aluminum Committee at the 132nd TMS Annual Meeting, March 2–6, 2003, San Diego, CA. The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 2003, pp. 945–952Google Scholar
31Easton, M.A.StJohn, D.H.: Partitioning of titanium during solidification of aluminium alloys. Mater. Sci. Technol. 16, 993 2000CrossRefGoogle Scholar