Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T11:34:29.688Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evolution of surface grain structure and mechanical properties in orthogonal cutting of titanium alloy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2016

Jinxuan Bai ,
Qingshun Bai ,
Zhen Tong ,
Chao Hu  and
Xin He
Jinxuan Bai*
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Qingshun Bai*
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Zhen Tong
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; and Centre for Precision Technologies, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
Chao Hu
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Xin He
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
*
a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected]
b) e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In this study, a mesoscale dislocation simulation method was developed to study the orthogonal cutting of titanium alloy. The evolution of surface grain structure and its effects on the surface mechanical properties were studied by using two-dimensional climb assisted dislocation dynamics technology. The motions of edge dislocations such as dislocation nucleation, junction, interaction with obstacles, and grain boundaries, and annihilation were tracked. The results indicated that the machined surface has a microstructure composed of refined grains. The fine-grains bring appreciable scale effect and a mass of dislocations are piled up in the grain boundaries and persistent slip bands. In particular, dislocation climb can induce a perfect softening effect, but this effect is significantly weakened when grain size is less than 1.65 μm. In addition, a Hall–Petch type relation was predicted according to the arrangement of grain, the range of grain sizes and the distribution of dislocations.

Keywords

titanium alloyplastic behaviormultiscale simulationdislocation dynamicsgrain refinement
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 31 , Issue 24 , 28 December 2016 , pp. 3919 - 3929
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ulutan, D. and Ozel, T.: Machining induced surface integrity in titanium and nickel alloys: A review. Int. J. Mach. Tool. Manufact. 51(3), 250–280 (2011).Google Scholar
M’Saoubi, R., Outeiro, J.C., Chandrasekaran, H., Dillon, O.W., and Jawahir, I.S.: A review of surface integrity in machining and its impact on functional performance and life of machined products. Int. J. Sustain. Manufact. 1(1–2), 203–206 (2008).Google Scholar
Jawahir, I.S., Brinksmeier, E., M’Saoubi, R., Aspinwall, D.K., Outeiro, J.C., Meyer, D., Umbrello, D., and Jayal, A.D.: Surface integrity in material removal process: Recent advances. CIRP Ann. 60(2), 603–626 (2011).Google Scholar
Hadi, M.A., Ghani, J.A., and Haron, C.H.: Effect of cutting speed on the carbide cutting tool in milling Inconel 718 alloy. J. Mater. Res. 31(13), 1885–1892 (2016).Google Scholar
Shankar, M.R., Lee, S., and Chandrasekhar, S.: Severe plastic deformation (SPD) of titanium at near-ambient temperature. Acta Mater. 54(14), 3691–3700 (2006).Google Scholar
Swaminathan, S., Shankar, M.R., Lee, S., Huang, J.H., King, A.H., Kezar, R.F., Rao, B.C., Brown, T.L., Chandrasekar, S., Compton, W.D., and Trumble, K.P.: Large strain deformation and ultra-fine grained materials by machining. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 410(12), 358–363 (2015).Google Scholar
Brinksmeier, E., Gläbe, R., and Osmer, J.: Ultra-precision diamond cutting of steel molds. CIRP Ann. 55(1), 551–554 (2006).Google Scholar
Wang, S., To, S., Chan, C.Y., Cheung, C.F., and Lee, W.B.: A study of the cutting-induced heating effect on the machined surface in ultra-precision raster milling of 6061 Al alloy. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Tech. 51(1–4), 69–78 (2010).Google Scholar
Zhang, S.J., To, S., Cheung, C.F., and Zhu, Y.: Micro-structural changes of aluminum alloy influencing micro-topographical surface in micro-cutting. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Tech. 72(1–4), 9–15 (2014).Google Scholar
Schwach, D.W. and Guo, Y.B.: A fundamental study on the impact of surface integrity by hard turning on rolling contact fatigue. Int. J. Fatigue. 28(12), 1838–1844 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramesh, A., Melkote, S.N., Allard, L.F., Riester, L., and Watkins, T.R.: Analysis of white layers formed in hard turning of 52100 steels. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 390(1–2), 88–97 (2015).Google Scholar
Fedirko, V.M., LukYanenko, O.H., and Trush, V.S.: Influence of the diffusion saturation with oxygen on the durability and long-term static strength of titanium alloys. Mater. Sci. 50(3), 415–420 (2014).Google Scholar
Ding, H.T. and Shin, Y.C.: Multi-physics modeling and simulations of surface microstructure alteration in hard turning. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 213(6), 877–886 (2013).Google Scholar
Liu, R., Salahshoor, M., Melkote, S.N., and Marusich, T.: A unified material mode including dislocation drag and its application to simulation of orthogonal cutting of OFGC copper. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 216, 328–338 (2015).Google Scholar
Shishvan, S.S. and Van der Giessen, E.: Mode I crack analysis in single crystals with anisotropic discrete dislocation plasticity: I. Formation and crack growth. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 21(21), 1163–1166 (2013).Google Scholar
Tarleton, E., Balint, D.S., Gong, J., and Wilkinson, A.J.: A discrete dislocation plasticity study of the micro-cantilever size effect. Acta Mater. 88, 271–282 (2015).Google Scholar
Liao, Y.L., Chang, Y., Gao, H., and Kim, B.J.: Dislocation pinning effects induced by nano-precipitates during warm laser shock peening: Dislocation dynamic simulation and experiments. J. Appl. Phys. 110(023518), 1–7 (2011).Google Scholar
Giessen, V. and Needleman, E.: Discrete dislocation plasticity: A simple planar model. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 3(3), 689–735 (1995).Google Scholar
Huang, M.S., Li, Z.H., and Tong, J.: The influence of dislocation climb on the mechanical behavior of polycrystals and grain size effect at elevated temperature. Int. J. Plasticity 61, 112–127 (2014).Google Scholar
Danas, K. and Deshpande, V.S.: Plane-strain discrete dislocation plasticity with climb-assisted glide motion of dislocations. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 21(4), 45008–45033 (2013).Google Scholar
Ayas, C., Deshpande, V.S., and Geers, M.G.D.: Tensile response of passivated films with climb-assisted dislocation glide. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 60(9), 1626–1643 (2012).Google Scholar
Davoudi, K.M., Nicola, L., and Vlassak, J.J.: Dislocation climb in two-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics. J. Appl. Phys. 111(10), 103522 (2012).Google Scholar
Benzerga, A.A., Brechet, Y., Needleman, A., and Giessen, V.: Incorporating three-dimensional mechanisms into two-dimension dislocation dynamics. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 12(3), 159–196 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y.C., Mabrouki, T., Nelias, D., and Gong, Y.D.: Chip formation in orthogonal cutting considering interface limiting shear stress and damage evolution based on fracture energy approach. Finite Elem. Anal. Des. 47(7), 850–863 (2011).Google Scholar
Al-Rub, R.K. and Voyiadjis, G.Z.: A physical based gradient plasticity theory. Int. J. Plasticity 22(4), 654–684 (2006).Google Scholar
Lu, J.Z., Luo, K.Y., Zhang, Y.K., Cui, C.Y., Sun, G.F., Zhou, J.Z., Zhang, L., You, J., Chen, K.M., and Zhong, J.W.: Grain refinement of LY12 aluminum alloy induced by ultra-high plastic strain during multiple laser shock processing impacts. Acta Mater. 58(11), 3984–3994 (2010).Google Scholar
Ginting, A. and Nouari, M.: Surface integrity of dry machined titanium alloys. Int. J. Mach. Tool. Manufact. 49(3–4), 325–332 (2009).Google Scholar
Hughes, G.D., Smith, S.D., Pande, C.S., Johnson, H.R., and Armstrong, R.W.: Hall–Petch strengthening for the micro hardness of twelve nanometer grain diameter electrodeposited nickel. Scr. Mater. 20(1), 93–97 (1986).Google Scholar
Liu, R., Salahshoor, M., and Melkote, S.N.: A unified material model including dislocation drag and its application to simulation of orthogonal cutting of OFHC Copper. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 216, 328–338 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z.H., Hou, C.T., Huang, M.S., and Ouyang, C.J.: Strengthening mechanism in micro-polycrystals with penetrable grain boundaries by discrete dislocation dynamics simulation and Hall–Petch effect. Comput. Mater. Sci. 46(4), 1124–1134 (2009).Google Scholar
Wang, Q.Q., Liu, Z.Q., and Wang, B.: Evolutions of grain size and micro-hardness during chip formation and machined surface generation for Ti–6Al–4V in high-speed machining. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Tech. 82(9–12), 1725–1736 (2016).Google Scholar
Rotella, G. and Umbrello, D.: Finite element modeling of microstructural changes in dry and cryogenic cutting of Ti6Al4V alloy. CIRP Ann. 63(1), 69–72 (2014).Google Scholar
Ahmed, N. and Hartmaier, A.: Mechanisms of grain boundary softening and strain-rate sensitivity in deformation of ultrafine-grained metals at high temperatures. Acta Mater. 59(11), 4323–4334 (2011).Google Scholar
Ahmed, N. and Hartmaier, A.: A two-dimensional dislocation dynamics model of the plastic deformation of polycrystalline metals. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 58(12), 2054–2064 (2010).Google Scholar
Sedlacek, R.: Internal stresses in dislocation wall structures. Scr. Mater. 33(2), 283–288 (1995).Google Scholar
Kim, J.S., Kim, J.H., and Lee, Y.T.: Microstructural analysis on boundary sliding and its accommodation mode during superplastic deformation of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 263(2), 272–280 (1999).Google Scholar
Nix, W.D., Greer, J.R., Feng, G., and Lileodden, E.T.: Deformation at the nanometer and micrometer length scales: Effects of strain gradients and dislocation starvation. Thin Solid Films 515(6), 3152–3157 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evers, L.P., Brekelmans, W.A.M., and Geers, M.G.D.: Scale dependent crystal plasticity framework with dislocation density and grain boundary effects. Int. J. Solids Struct. 41(18–19), 5209–5230 (2004).Google Scholar
Borg, U.: A strain gradient crystal plasticity analysis of grain size effects in polycrystals. Eur. J. Mech. A-Solid 26(2), 313–324 (2007).Google Scholar
Balint, D.B. and Deshpande, V.S.: Discrete dislocation plasticity analysis of the grain size dependence of the flow strength of polycrystals. Int. J. Plasticity 24(12), 2149–2172 (2008).Google Scholar