Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-01T13:18:55.117Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Equal channel angular extrusion for bulk processing of Fe–Co–2V soft magnetic alloys, part II: Texture analysis and magnetic properties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2018

Andrew B. Kustas*
Affiliation:
Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
Joseph R. Michael
Affiliation:
Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
Don F. Susan
Affiliation:
Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
Ibrahim Karaman
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
Taymaz Jozaghi
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In Part I, equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) was demonstrated as a novel, simple-shear deformation process for producing bulk forms of the low ductility Fe–Co–2V (Hiperco 50A®) soft ferromagnetic alloy with refined grain sizes. Microstructures and mechanical properties were discussed. In this Part II contribution, the crystallographic textures and quasi-static magnetic properties of ECAE-processed Hiperco were characterized. The textures were of a simple-shear character defined by partial {110} and 〈111〉 fibers inclined relative to the extrusion direction, in agreement with the expectations for simple-shear deformation textures of BCC metals. These textures were observed throughout all processing conditions and only slightly reduced in intensity by subsequent recrystallization heat treatments. Characterization of the magnetic properties revealed a lower coercivity and higher permeability for ECAE-processed Hiperco specimens relative to the conventionally processed and annealed Hiperco bar. The effects of the resultant microstructure and texture on the coercivity and permeability magnetic properties are discussed.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Sourmail, T.: Near equiatomic FeCo alloys: Constitution, mechanical and magnetic properties. Prog. Mater. Sci. 50, 816 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundar, R.S. and Deevi, S.C.: Soft magnetic FeCo alloys: Alloy development, processing, and properties 50, 157192 (2005).Google Scholar
Carpenter: CarTech® Hiperco® 50A Alloy (2017).Google Scholar
Sundar, R.S., Deevi, S.C., and Reddy, B.V.: High strength FeCo–V intermetallic alloy: Electrical and magnetic properties. J. Mater. Res. 20, 1515 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storch, M.L., Rollett, A.D., and McHenry, M.E.: The effect of mechanical working on the in-plane magnetic properties of Hiperco 50. J. Appl. Phys. 85, 6040 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valiev, R.Z., Sabirov, I., Zhilyaev, A.P., and Langdon, T.G.: Bulk nanostructured metals for innovative applications. JOM 64, 1134 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, V.M.: Materials processing by simple shear. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 197, 157 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, V.M.: Engineering and commercialization of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). Mater. Sci. Eng., A 386, 269 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valiev, R.Z. and Langdon, T.G.: Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement. Prog. Mater. Sci. 51, 881 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cullity, B. and Graham, C.: Introduction to magnetic materials, 2nd Ed. (2009); pp. 201–202.Google Scholar
Bunge, H.J.: Texture and magnetic properties. Textures Microstruct. 11, 75 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfeifer, F. and Radeloff, C.: Session 5: Ni–Fe and Co–Fe alloys—Some physical and metallurgical aspects. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 19, 190 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, W.B. and Swift, J.G.: Anisotropy in some soft magnetic materials. Texture 1, 117 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rollett, A.D., Storch, M.L., Hilinski, E.J., and Goodman, S.R.: Approach to saturation in textured soft magnetic materials. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 32, 2595 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kustas, A.B., Sagapuram, D., Trumble, K.P., and Chandrasekar, S.: Texture development in high-silicon iron sheet produced by simple shear deformation. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 47, 3095 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kustas, A.B., Chandrasekar, S., and Trumble, K.P.: Magnetic properties characterization of shear-textured 4 wt% Si electrical steel sheet. J. Mater. Res. 31, 3930 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goss, N.P.: New development in electrical strip steels characterized by fine grain structure approaching the properties of a single crystal. Trans. ASM 23, 511 (1935).Google Scholar
Mishra, S., Därmann, C., and Lücke, K.: On the development of the goss texture in iron–3% silicon. Acta Metall. 32, 2185 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, R.C.: Magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction of ordered and disordered cobalt–iron alloys. J. Appl. Phys. 157, 110 (1960).Google Scholar
Niendorf, T., Canadinc, D., Maier, H.J., and Karaman, I.: The role of heat treatment on the cyclic stress-strain response of ultrafine-grained interstitial-free steel. Int. J. Fatig. 30, 426 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yapici, G.G., Beyerlein, I.J., Karaman, I., and Tomé, C.N.: Tension-compression asymmetry in severely deformed pure copper. Acta Mater. 55, 4603 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beyerlein, I.J. and Tóth, L.S.: Texture evolution in equal-channel angular extrusion. Prog. Mater. Sci. 54, 427 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haouaoui, M., Karaman, I., and Maier, H.J.: Flow stress anisotropy and Bauschinger effect in ultrafine grained copper. Acta Mater. 54, 5477 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, R.E., Dudo, T., Yasskin, P.B., and Hartwig, K.T.: Product yield for ECAE processing. Scr. Mater. 51, 373 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, V., Goforth, R., and Hartwig, K.T.: Apparatus and method for deformation processing of metals, ceramics, plastics and other materials. U.S. Patent No. 5,400,633, 1995.Google Scholar
Clegg, D.W. and Buckley, R.A.: The disorder → order transformation in iron–cobalt-based alloys. Met. Sci. 7, 48 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ASTM A773/774M-14: Magntic propertics. In Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 3 (2014); pp. 112.Google Scholar
Belyakov, A., Kimura, Y., and Tsuzaki, K.: Microstructure evolution in dual-phase stainless steel during severe deformation. Acta Mater. 54, 2521 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belyakov, A., Tsuzaki, K., Kimura, Y., and Mishima, Y.: Annealing behavior of a ferritic stainless steel subjected to large-strain cold working. J. Mater. Res. 22, 3042 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurao, N.P., Kumar, P., Sarkar, A., Brokmeier, H.G., and Suwas, S.: Simulation of deformation texture evolution during multi axial forging of interstitial free steel. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 22, 1004 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kustas, A.B., Sagapuram, D., Chandrasekar, S., and Trumble, K.P.: Deformation and recrystallization texture development in Fe–4% Si subjected to large shear deformation. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 82, 12054 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S., Beyerlein, I.J., and Bourke, M.A.M.: Texture formation during equal channel angular extrusion of fcc and bcc materials: Comparison with simple shear. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 394, 66 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S., Gazder, A.A., Beyerlein, I.J., Pereloma, E.V., and Davies, C.H.J.: Effect of processing route on microstructure and texture development in equal channel angular extrusion of interstitial-free steel. Acta Mater. 54, 1087 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S., Gazder, A.A., Beyerlein, I.J., Davies, C.H.J., and Pereloma, E.V.: Microstructure and texture evolution during equal channel angular extrusion of interstitial-free steel: Effects of die angle and processing route. Acta Mater. 55, 1017 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jazaeri, H. and Humphreys, F.J.: The transition from discontinuous to continuous recrystallization in some aluminium alloys II. Acta Mater. 52, 3251 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jazaeri, H. and Humphreys, F.J.: The transition from discontinuous to continuous recrystallization in some aluminium alloys. Acta Mater. 52, 3239 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bardos, D.I.: Mean magnetic moments in bcc Fe–Co alloys. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 1371 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herzer, G.: Grain size dependence of coercivity and permeability. IEEE Trans. Magn. 26, 1397 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaibyshev, R., Shipilova, K., Musin, F., and Motohashi, Y.: Continuous dynamic recrystallization in an Al–Li–Mg–Sc alloy during equal-channel angular extrusion. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 396, 341 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belyakov, A., Sakai, T., Miura, H., Kaibyshev, R., and Tsuzaki, K.: Continuous recrystallization in austenitic stainless steel after large strain deformation. Acta Mater. 50, 1547 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niendorf, T., Canadinc, D., Maier, H.J., Karaman, I., and Yapici, G.G.: Microstructure-mechanical property relationships in ultrafine-grained NbZr. Acta Mater. 55, 6596 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purcek, G., Saray, O., Karaman, I., and Maier, H.J.: High strength and high ductility of ultrafine-grained, interstitial-free steel produced by ECAE and annealing. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 43, 1884 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beyerlein, I.J. and Toth, S.L.: Texture evolution in equal-channel angular extrusion. Prog. Mater. Sci. 54, 427510 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcinkowski, M.J. and Polaik, R.M.: A study of the magnetic domain configurations in Fe–Co solid solutions. Acta Metall. 12, 179 (1964).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, R.C.: Single crystal anisotropy and magnetostriction constants of several ferromagnetic materials including alloys of NiFe, SiFe, AlFe, CoNi, and CoFe. J. Appl. Phys. 30, 816 (1959).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kustas, A.B., Susan, D.F., Johnson, K.L., Whetten, S.R., Rodriguez, M.A., Dagel, D.J., Michael, J.R., Keicher, D.M., and Argibay, N.: Characterization of the Fe–Co–1.5V soft ferromagnetic alloy processed by laser engineered net shaping (LENS). Addit. Manuf. 21, 4152 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar