Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T02:22:40.611Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Equal channel angular extrusion for bulk processing of Fe–Co–2V soft magnetic alloys, part I: Processing and mechanical properties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2018

Don F. Susan*
Affiliation:
Metallurgy and Materials Joining Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
Taymaz Jozaghi
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
Ibrahim Karaman
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, USA
Jeff M. Rodelas
Affiliation:
Metallurgy and Materials Joining Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The soft magnetic alloy Fe–Co–2V, also known as Permendur-2V or Hiperco® 50A, was subjected to equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) at 750–850 °C using two processing routes. Hiperco is a trade name of Carpenter Technology Corporation. ECAE, which is a severe plastic deformation process, refined the grain size to about 1.5–3 μm, compared to 25–70 μm for the conventional Hiperco® bar. The fine-grain microstructure is homogenous throughout the ECAE material, from center to edge, due to the simple-shear ECAE process. Fine-grained Hiperco® has previously only been obtainable in the sheet form. ECAE resulted in yield and tensile strengths of 650–700 MPa and 900–1400 MPa, respectively, representing a 2–3-fold strength increase compared to the conventional bar. The yield strength was demonstrated to fit well to the Hall–Petch relationship established using previous reports on the strength of conventional bar and sheet materials. High ductility, up to 18%, was obtained in the ECAE processed billets and attributed primarily to the partially disordered bcc crystal structure upon quenching from ECAE.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Sourmail, T.: Near equiatomic FeCo alloys: Constitution, mechanical, and magnetic properties. Prog. Mater. Sci. 50, 816 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter Technology Technical Data Sheet Hiperco 50A Alloy (2008). Available at: cartech.ides.com/datasheet.Google Scholar
Pinnel, M.R. and Bennett, J.E.: Correlation of magnetic and mechanical properties with microstructure in Fe/Co/2–3% V alloys. Met. Trans. 5, 1273 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawahara, K.: Effect of cold rolling on the mechanical properties of an FeCo–2V alloy. J. Mater. Sci. 18, 3437 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawahara, K.: Structures and mechanical properties of an FeCo–2V alloy. J. Mater. Sci. 18, 3427 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawahara, K.: Effect of carbon on mechanical properties in Fe0.5Co0.5 alloys. J. Mater. Sci. 18, 2047 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawahara, K.: Effect of additive elements on cold workability in FeCo alloys. J. Mater. Sci. 18, 1709 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, L. and Baker, I.: Extrusion processing of FeCo. J. Mater. Sci. 29, 742 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weißner, L., Gröb, T., Bruder, E., Groche, P., and Müller, C.: Severe plastic deformation and incremental forming for magnetic hardening. Appl. Mech. Mater. 794, 152 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shang, C.H., Cammarata, R.C., Weihs, T.P., and Chien, C.L.: Microstructure and Hall–Petch behavior of Fe–Co based Hiperco alloys. Jpn. Mater. Res. 15, 835 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nabi, B., Helbert, A-L., Brisset, F., Batonnet, R., Andre, G., Waeckerle, T., and Baudin, T.: Effect of long range order on mechanical properties of partially recrystallized Fe49Co–2V alloy. Mat. Sci. Eng., A 592, 70 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nabi, B., Helbert, A-L., Brisset, F., Andre, G., Waeckerle, T., and Baudin, T.: Effect of recrystallization and degree of order on the magnetic and mechanical properties of soft magnetic FeCo–2V alloy. Mat. Sci. Eng., A 578, 215 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, L., Basu, S., Yu, R.H., Xiao, J.Q., and Parvizi-Majidi, A.: Mechanical properties of Fe–Co soft magnets. J. Mater. Sci. 36, 1451 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, R.H., Basu, S., Zhang, Y., Parvizi-Majidi, A., and Xiao, J.Q.: Pinning effecct of the grain boundaries on magnetic domain wall in FeCo-based magnetic alloys. J. Appl. Phys. 85, 6655 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, K.R. and Stoloff, N.S.: Plastic deformation and fracture in FeCo–2% V. Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 245, 2027 (1969).Google Scholar
Susan, D.F., Rodelas, J.M., Robino, C.V., and Greenwood, W.H.: Hall–Petch Behavior of Fe–Co–V Soft Magnetic Alloy Barstock (Materials Science and Technology, Pittsburgh, PA, 2014).Google Scholar
Zhao, L. and Baker, I.: The effect of grain size and Fe:Co ratio on the room temperature yielding of FeCo. Acta Metall. Mater. 42, 1953 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, E.P., Gubbi, A.N., Baker, I., and Robertson, L.: Mechanical properties of soft magnetic FeCo alloys. Mat. Sci. Eng., A 329–331, 325 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duckham, A., Zhang, D.Z., Liang, D., Luzin, V., Cammarata, R.C., Leheny, R.L., Chien, C.L., and Weihs, T.P.: Temperature dependent mechanical properties of ultra-fine grained FeCo–2V. Acta Mater. 51, 4083 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fingers, R.T., Carr, R.P., and Turgut, Z.: Effect of aging on magnetic properties of Hiperco® 27, Hiperco® 50, and Hiperco® 50HS alloys. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 7848 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoloff, N.S. and Dillamore, I.L.: Ordered Alloys: Structural Applications and Physical Metallurgy, Kear, B.H., Sims, C.T., Stoloff, N.S., and Westbrook, J.H., eds. (Claitors, Baton Rouge, FL, 1970); p. 525.Google Scholar
Stoloff, N.S. and Davies, R.G.: The plastic deformation of ordered FeCo and Fe3Al alloys. Acta Mater. 12, 473 (1964).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoloff, N.S. and Davies, R.G.: The mechanical properties of ordered alloys. Prog. Mater. Sci. 13, 384 (1966).Google Scholar
Pitt, C.D. and Rawlings, R.D.: Luders strain and ductility of ordered Fe–Co–2V and Fe–Co–V–Ni alloys. Met. Sci. 17, 261 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornburg, D.R.: High-strength high-ductility cobalt-iron alloys. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 1579 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundar, R.S. and Deevi, S.C.: Influence of alloying elements on the mechanical properties of FeCo–V alloys. Intermetallics 12, 921 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orrock, C.M.: The microstructure and properties of equiatomic iron-cobalt magnetic alloys with alloying addition. Ph.D. thesis, London University, 1986.Google Scholar
Hug, E., Hubert, O., and Guillot, I.: Effect of strengthening on the magnetic behavior of ordered intermetallic 2% V–CoFe alloys. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 215–216, 197 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volbers, N. and Gerster, J.: High saturation, high strength iron–cobalt alloy for electrical machines. In Proceedings of the INDUCTICA (CWIEME, Berlin, 2012); pp. 14.Google Scholar
Segal, V.M., Goforth, R.E., and Hartwig, K.T.: Apparatus and method for deformation processing of metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials. U.S. Patent No. 5,400,633, Texas A&M University, 1995.Google Scholar
Nishizawa, T. and Ishida, K.: Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed., Vol. 2 (ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990).Google Scholar
Niendorf, T., Canadinc, D., Maier, H.J., Karaman, I., and Yapici, G.G.: Microstructure-mechanical property relationships in ultrafine-grained NbZr. Acta Mater. 55, 6596 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar