Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T23:27:58.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Electrodeposition of epitaxial Co(OH)2 on gold and conversion to epitaxial CoOOH and Co3O4

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2016

Caleb M. Hull
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1170
Jakub A. Koza
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1170
Jay A. Switzer*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1170
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

An electrodeposition method for growing epitaxial Co(OH)2 films on single crystalline gold (111), (100), and (110) substrates is described. The films were grown by electrochemical reduction of [Co(en)3]3+ in an alkaline electrolyte. The Co(OH)2 grew with a [0001] out-of-plane orientation on all the gold crystal orientations. The in-plane orientation follows the symmetry of the gold (111), (100), and (110) substrates. The Co(OH)2 can be converted to CoOOH by electrochemical oxidation in 1 M KOH at 95 °C, and after conversion remains epitaxial with a [0001] out-of-plane orientation. The CoOOH film can be further converted to epitaxial Co3O4 with a [111] out-of-plane orientation by decomposition of the CoOOH film in air at 300 °C. This synthesis method allows for a simple fabrication of epitaxial catalysts and could be useful to probe the catalytic activity of specific crystal planes.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

b)

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Contributing Editor: Edson Roberto Leite

References

REFERENCES

Zhang, G., Scott, B.L., and Hanson, S.K.: Mild and homogeneous cobalt-catalyzed hydrogenation of C=C, C=O, and C=N bonds. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 51, 1210212106 (2012).Google Scholar
Becker, R. and Jones, W.D.: Cobalt and nickel catalyzed reactions involving C–H and C–N activation reactions. In Catalysis Without Precious Metals (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Berlin, 2010); pp. 143164.Google Scholar
Gibson, V.C. and Solan, G.A.: Olefin oligomerizations and polymerizations catalyzed by iron and cobalt complexes bearing bis(imino)pyridine ligands. In Catalysis Without Precious Metals (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Berlin, 2010); pp. 111141.Google Scholar
Reece, S.Y., Hamel, J.A., Sung, K., Jarvi, T.D., Esswein, A.J., Pijpers, J.J.H., and Nocera, D.G.: Wireless solar water splitting using silicon-based semiconductors and earth-abundant catalysts. Science 334, 645648 (2011).Google Scholar
Tsui, L-k., Zafferoni, C., Lavacchi, A., Innocenti, M., Vizza, F., and Zangari, G.: Electrocatalytic activity and operational stability of electrodeposited Pd–Co films towards ethanol oxidation in alkaline electrolytes. J. Power Sources 293, 815822 (2015).Google Scholar
Seabold, J.A. and Choi, K-S.: Effect of a cobalt-based oxygen evolution catalyst on the stability and the selectivity of photo-oxidation reactions of a WO3 photoanode. Chem. Mater. 23, 11051112 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y-C., Koza, J.A., and Switzer, J.A.: Conversion of electrodeposited Co(OH)2 to CoOOH and Co3O4, and comparison of their catalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochim. Acta 140, 359365 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, J.C., Landers, A.T., and Switzer, J.A.: An electrodeposited inhomogeneous metal–insulator–semiconductor junction for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Nat. Mater. 14, 11501155 (2015).Google Scholar
McCrory, C.C.L., Jung, S., Peters, J.C., and Jaramillo, T.F.: Benchmarking heterogeneous electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 1697716987 (2013).Google Scholar
Yeo, B.S. and Bell, A.T.: Enhanced activity of gold-supported cobalt oxide for the electrochemical evolution of oxygen. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 55875593 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koza, J.A., He, Z., Miller, A.S., and Switzer, J.A.: Electrodeposition of crystalline Co3O4—A catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. Chem. Mater. 24, 35673573 (2012).Google Scholar
Trasatti, S.: Electrocatalysts in the anodic evolution of oxygen and chlorine. Electrochim. Acta 29, 15031512 (1984).Google Scholar
Zhou, Z.Y., Tian, N., Li, J.T., Broadwell, I., and Sun, S.G.: Nanomaterials of high surface energy with exceptional properties in catalysis and energy storage. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 41674185 (2011).Google Scholar
Hu, L., Peng, Q., and Li, Y.: Selective synthesis of Co3O4 nanocrystal with different shape and crystal plane effect on catalytic property for methane combustion. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 16136 (2008).Google Scholar
Su, D., Dou, S., and Wang, G.: Single crystalline Co3O4 nanocrystals exposed with different crystal planes for Li–O2 batteries. Sci. Rep. 4, 5767 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, R.N., Koenig, J.F., Poillerat, G., and Chartier, P.: Thin films of Co3O4 and NiCo2O4 obtained by the method of chemical spray pyrolysis for electrocatalysis III. The electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution. J. Appl. Electrochem. 3, 442446 (1990).Google Scholar
Chen, Z., Kronawitter, C., and Koel, B.: Facet-dependent activity and stability of Co3O4 nanocrystals towards the oxygen evolution reaction. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 2938729393 (2015).Google Scholar
Xie, X. and Shen, W.: Morphology control of cobalt oxide nanocrystals for promoting their catalytic performance. Nanoscale 1, 5060 (2009).Google Scholar
Xiao, J., Kuang, Q., Yang, S., Xiao, F., Wang, S., and Guo, L.: Surface structure dependent electrocatalytic activity of Co3O4 anchored on graphene sheets toward oxygen reduction reaction. Sci. Rep. 3, 2300 (2013).Google Scholar
Koza, J.A., Hull, C.M., Liu, Y-C., and Switzer, J.A.: Deposition of β-Co(OH)2 films by electrochemical reduction of tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) in alkaline solution. Chem. Mater. 25, 19221926 (2013).Google Scholar
Boonsalee, S., Gudavarthy, R.V., Bohannan, E.W., and Switzer, J.A.: Epitaxial electrodeposition of tin(II) sulfide nanodisks on single-crystal Au(100). Chem. Mater. 20, 57375742 (2008).Google Scholar
Liu, R., Vertegel, A.A., Bohannan, E.W., Sorenson, T.A., and Switzer, J.A.: Epitaxial electrodeposition of zinc oxide nanopillars on single-crystal gold. Chem. Mater. 13, 508512 (2001).Google Scholar
Cheng, J.P., Shereef, A., Gray, K., and Wu, J.: Development of hierarchically porous cobalt oxide for enhanced photo-oxidation of indoor pollutants. J. Nanopart. Res. 17, 19 (2015).Google Scholar
Kung, C-W., Cheng, Y-H., Tseng, C-M., Chou, L-Y., and Ho, K-C.: Low-temperature and template-free fabrication of cobalt oxide acicular nanotube arrays and their applications in supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 40424048 (2015).Google Scholar
Tan, X., Gao, H., Yang, M., Luan, Y., Dong, W., Jin, Z., Yu, J., Qi, Y., Feng, Y., and Wang, G.: Synthesize of hierarchical sisal-like cobalt hydroxide and its electrochemical applications. J. Alloys Compd. 608, 278282 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, J.M., Zhang, J., Wang, B.B., and Liu, F.: Shape-regulated synthesis of cobalt oxide and its gas-sensing property. J. Alloys Compd. 619, 361367 (2015).Google Scholar
Lou, X.W., Deng, D., Lee, J.Y., and Archer, L.A.: Thermal formation of mesoporous single-crystal Co3O4 nano-needles and their lithium storage properties. J. Mater. Chem. 18, 43974401 (2008).Google Scholar
Williamson, G.K. and Hall, W.H.: X-ray line broadening from filed aluminium and wolfram. Acta Metall. 1, 2231 (1953).Google Scholar
Haynes, W.M., Lide, D.R., and Bruno, T.J.: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2015).Google Scholar