Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T19:40:58.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Elastic moduli of grain boundaries in nanocrystalline MgO ceramics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2005

Ori Yeheskel ,
Rachman Chaim ,
Zhijian Shen  and
Mats Nygren
Ori Yeheskel
Affiliation:
Nuclear Research Center–Negev, Beer Sheva 84190, Israel
Rachman Chaim*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
Zhijian Shen
Affiliation:
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, BRIIE Center for Inorganic Interfacial Engineering, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Mats Nygren
Affiliation:
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, BRIIE Center for Inorganic Interfacial Engineering, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Dense MgO ceramics with nanometer to submicrometer grain size were fabricated by high-temperature hot-isostatic pressing, low-temperature hot-pressing, and spark plasma sintering. The elastic properties were determined by sound wave velocity measurements. Young's and shear moduli of nanocrystalline MgO were lower by 13% than those with submicrometer grain size. Softening of the elastic properties was analyzed and related to the lower density and lower elastic moduli of the grain boundaries compared to the crystal interior. Young's and shear moduli of the grain boundaries were evaluated as 90 and 34 GPa, respectively. This leads to a more than 3-fold decrease in the effective elastic moduli with the decrease of grain size into the nanometer range.

Keywords

Elastic propertiesGrain boundariesNanoscale
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 20 , Issue 3 , March 2005 , pp. 719 - 725
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Fougere, G.E., Riester, L., Ferber, M., Weertmen, J.R. and Siegel, R.W.: Young’s modulus of nanocrystalline Fe measured by nanoindentation. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 204, 1 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Kobelev, N.P., Soifer, Ya.M., Andrievski, R.A. and Gunther, B.: Microhardness and elastic properties of nanocrystalline silver. Nanostruct. Mater. 2, 537 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Cao, H.S., Bonnet, R., Hunsinger, J.J. and Elkedim, O.: Determination of elastic properties of consolidated nanocrystalline alloys iron-copper by means of acoustic echography and interferometry. Scripta Mater. 48, 531 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Qin, X.Y., Zhang, X.R., Cheng, G.S. and Zhang, L.D.: The elastic properties of nanostructured Ag measured by laser ultrasonic technique. Nanostruct. Mater. 10, 661 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Shen, T.D., Koch, C.C., Tsui, T.Y. and Pharr, G.M.: On the elastic moduli of nanocrystalline Fe, Cu, Ni, and Cu-Ni alloys prepared by mechanical milling/alloying. J. Mater. Res. 10, 2892 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Mayo, M.J., Siegel, R.W., Narayanasamy, A. and Nix, W.D.: Mechanical properties of nanophase TiO2 as determined by nanoindentation. J. Mater. Res. 5, 1073 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Chaim, R. and Hefetz, M.: Effect of grain size on elastic modulus and hardness of nanocrystalline ZrO2-3wt% Y2O3 ceramic. J. Mater. Sci. 39, 3054 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Sakai, S., Tanimoto, H. and Mizubayashi, H.: Mechanical behavior of high-density nanocrystalline gold prepared by gas deposition method. Acta Mater. 47, 211 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Gallas, M.R. and Piermarini, G.J.: Bulk modulus and Young’s modulus of nanocrystalline γ-alumina. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 77, 2917 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Adams, J.B., Wolfer, W.G. and Foiles, S.M.: Elastic properties of grain boundaries in copper and their relationship to bulk constants. Phys. Rev. B 40, 9479 (1989).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Schiotz, J., Di Tolla, F.D. and Jacobsen, K.W.: Softening of nanocrystalline metals at very small grain sizes. Nature 391, 561 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Heino, P., Hakkinen, H. and Kaski, K.: Molecular-dynamics study of mechanical properties of copper. Europhys. Lett. 41, 273 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Ehre, D., Gutmanas, E.Y. and Chaim, R.: Densification of nanocrystalline MgO ceramics by hot-pressing. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 25(2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Chaim, R., Shen, Z. and Nygren, M.: Transparent nanocrystalline MgO by rapid and low-temperature spark plasma sintering. J. Mater. Res. 19, 2527 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Chung, D-H.: Elastic moduli of single crystal and polycrystalline MgO. Philos. Mag. 8, 833 (1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Anderson, O.L., Schreiber, E., Libermann, R.C. and Soga, N.: Some elastic constant data on minerals relevant to geophysics. Rev. Geophys. 6, 491 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Wachtman, J.B.: Mechanical Properties of Ceramics (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996), p. 30.Google Scholar
18.Green, D.J.: An Introduction to the Mechanical Properties of Ceramics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1998), p. 54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Nowick, A.S.: Crystal Properties via Group Theory (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995), p. 158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Spriggs, R.M., Brissette, L.A. and Vasilos, T.: Effect of porosity on elastic and shear moduli of polycrystalline magnesium oxide. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 45, 400 (1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Soga, N. and Schreiber, E.: Porosity dependence of sound velocity and Poisson’s ratio for polycrystalline MgO determined by resonant sphere method. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 51, 463 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Yeheskel, O. and Tevet, O.: Elastic moduli of transparent yttria. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82, 136 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Powder diffraction Card No. 4–829 (JCPDS, International Center for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA, 1990).Google Scholar
24.Suryanarayana, C. and Norton, M. Grant: X-ray Diffraction, A Practical Approach (Plenum Press, New York, 1998), p. 207.Google Scholar
25.Phani, K.K. and Niogi, S.K.: Young’s modulus of porous brittle solids. J. Mater. Sci. 22, 257 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Spriggs, R.M.: Expression for effect of porosity on elastic modulus of polycrystalline refractory materials, particularly aluminum oxide. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 44, 628 (1961).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Phillpot, S.R., Wolf, D. and Gleiter, H.: A structural model for grain boundaries in nanocrystalline materials. Scripta Metall. Mater. 33, 1245 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Chen, D.: Computer model simulation study of nanocrystalline iron. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 190, 193 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Chaim, R.: Percolative composite model for prediction of the properties of nanocrystalline materials. J. Mater. Res. 12, 1828 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Kluge, M.D., Wolf, D., Lutsko, J.F. and Phillpot, S.R.: Formalism for the calculation of local elastic constants at grain boundaries by means of atomistic simulation. J. Appl. Phys. 67, 2370 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Phillpot, S.R., Wang, J., Wolf, D. and Gleiter, H.: Computer simulation of the structure and dynamical properties of grain boundaries in a nanocrystalline model material. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 204, 76 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Hasnaoui, A., Van Swygenhoven, H. and Derlet, P.M.: Cooperative processes during plastic deformation in nanocrystalline fcc metals: A molecular dynamics simulation. Phys. Rev. B 66, 184112 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Ashizuka, M., Ishida, E., Matsushita, T. and Hisanaga, M.: Elastic modulus, strength and fracture toughness of alumina ceramics containing pores. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 110, 554 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Kim, H.S. and Bush, M.B.: The effects of grain size and porosity on the elastic modulus of nanocrystalline materials. Nanostruct. Mater. 11, 361 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Sharma, P. and Ganti, S.: On the grain-size-dependent elastic modulus of nanocrystalline materials with and without grain-boundary sliding. J. Mater. Res. 18, 1823 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Gleiter, H.: Nanocrystalline materials: Review article. Prog. Mater. Sci. 33, 223 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar