Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T09:40:21.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Densification kinetics, phase assemblage and hardness of spark plasma sintered Cu–10 wt% TiB2 and Cu–10 wt% TiB2–10 wt% Pb composites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2013

Amit S. Sharma ,
Nisha Mishra ,
Krishanu Biswas  and
Bikramjit Basu
Amit S. Sharma
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur–208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
Nisha Mishra
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur–208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
Krishanu Biswas
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur–208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
Bikramjit Basu*
Affiliation:
Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore–560012, Karnataka, India
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The present work demonstrates the synthesis of Cu–10 wt% TiB2 composites with a theoretical density of more than 90% by tailoring the spark plasma sintering (SPS) conditions in the temperature range of 400–700 °C. Interestingly, 10 wt% Pb addition to Cu–10 wt% TiB2 lowers the sinter density and the difference in the densification behavior of the investigated compositions was discussed in reference to the current profile recorded during a SPS cycle. The sintering kinetics and phase assemblage were also discussed in reference to surface melting of the constituents prior to bulk melting temperature, temperature dependent wettability of Pb on Cu, diffusion kinetics of Cu as well as the formation of various oxides. An important result is that a high hardness of around 2 GPa and relative density close to 92% ρtheoretical was achieved for the Cu–10 wt% TiB2–10 wt% Pb composite, and such a combination has never been achieved before using any conventional processing route.

Keywords

spark plasma sinteringcudensification
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 28 , Issue 11 , 14 June 2013 , pp. 1517 - 1528
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Groza, J.R. and Gibeling, J.C.: Principles of particle selection for dispersion–strengthened copper. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 171(1–2), 115 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basu, B., Raju, G.B., and Suri, A.K.: Processing and properties of monolithic TiB2 based materials. Int. Mater. Rev. 51(6), 352 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munir, Z.A., Tamburini, U.A., and Ohyanagi, M.: The effect of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and consolidation of materials: A review of the spark plasma sintering method. J. Mater. Sci. 41(3), 763 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, R.G.: Material properties of titanium diboride. J. Res. Nat. Inst. Stand. Technol. 105(5), 709 (2000).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guo, M., Shen, K., and Wang, M.: Relationship between microstructure, properties and reaction conditions for Cu–TiB2 alloys prepared by in situ reaction. Acta Mater. 57(15), 4568 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, X.H., Yan, C., and Yu, Z.Z.: In-situ combustion synthesis of ultrafine TiB2 particles reinforced Cu matrix composite. J. Mater. Sci. 39(14), 4683 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez, M., Corredor, D., Camurri, C., Vergara, V., and Jimenez, J.: Performance and characterization of dispersion strengthened Cu–TiB2 composite for electrical use. Mater. Charact. 55(4–5), 252 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, Z.Y. and Tjong, S.C.: High temperature creep behavior of in–situ TiB2 particulate reinforced copper–based composite. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 284(1–2), 70 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, S.J., Zhou, Y., Shi, Y.W., and Chang, B.H.: Formation of a TiB2–reinforced copper–based composite by mechanical alloying and hot pressing. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 33A(4), 1275 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yih, P. and Chung, D.D.L.: Titanium diboride copper-matrix composites. J. Mater. Sci. 32(7), 1703 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biselli, C., Morris, D.G., and Randall, N.: Mechanical alloying of high strength copper alloys containing TiB2 and Al2O3 dispersoid particles. Scr. Metall. Mater. 30(10), 1327 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwon, Y.S., Dudina, D.V., Korchagin, M.A., and Lomovsky, O.I.: Microstructure changes in TiB2–Cu nanocomposite during sintering. J. Mater. Sci. 39(16–17), 5325 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, A.S., Biswas, K., Basu, B., and Chakravarty, D.: Spark plasma sintering of nanocrystalline Cu and Cu–10 wt% Pb alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 42A(7), 2072 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mei, Q.S. and Lu, K.: Melting and superheating of crystalline solids: From bulk to nanocrystals. Prog. Mater. Sci. 52(8), 1175 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pluis, B., Gon, A.W.D., Frenken, J.W.M., and Veen, J.F.: Crystal face dependence of surface melting. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59(23), 2678 (1987).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinxteren, H.M. and Frenken, J.W.M.: Incomplete melting of Pb (001) and vicinal surfaces. Surf. Sci. 275(3), 383 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hakkinen, H. and Manninen, M.: Computer simulation of disordering and premelting of low index faces of copper. Phys. Rev. B 46(3), 1725 (1992).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
German, R.M., Suri, P., and Park, S.J.: Review: Liquid phase sintering. J. Mater. Sci. 44(1), 1 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veen, J.F.: Melting and freezing at surfaces. Surf. Sci. 433–435, 1 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Felberbaum, L., Rossoll, A., and Mortensen, A.: A stereoscopic method for dihedral angle measurement. J. Mater. Sci. 40(12), 3121 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Empl, D., Felberbaum, L., Laporte, V., Chatain, D., and Mortensen, A.: Dihedral angles in Cu–1 wt% Pb: Grain boundary energy and grain boundary triple line effects. Acta Mater. 57(8), 2527 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smithells Metals Reference Book, 7th ed. edited by Brandes, E.A. and Brook, G.B. (Butterworth–Heinemann, London, 1992).Google Scholar