Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T05:19:40.018Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of polymer materials using magnetic levitation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2020

Jun Xie ,
Peng Zhao Open the ORCID record for Peng Zhao [Opens in a new window] ,
Jianfeng Zhang ,
Hongwei Zhou ,
Jianzhong Fu  and
Lih-Sheng Turng
Jun Xie
Affiliation:
The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Lab of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Peng Zhao*
Affiliation:
The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Lab of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Jianfeng Zhang
Affiliation:
The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Lab of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Hongwei Zhou
Affiliation:
Research and Development Department, Tederic Machinery Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311124, China
Jianzhong Fu
Affiliation:
The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Lab of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Lih-Sheng Turng
Affiliation:
Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The quality of the polymer raw material used in plastic processing methods is an important characteristic because it is one of the main factors in producing quality products. Therefore, the characterization of polymeric pellets in the polymer processing industry is very important to avoid using inferior materials. In general, differences in the interiors of polymeric pellets reflect differences in their densities. In this study, a high-sensitivity magnetic levitation method was used to characterize the polymeric pellets in four different occasions. The device used has a high sensitivity that can distinguish minute differences as small as of 0.0041 g/cm3 in density between different samples. In addition, the method can obtain a sample's density without knowing the weight and volume of the sample. This method can be used to characterize materials by testing only a single pellet, which is very useful for polymeric pellet characterization.

Keywords

magneticpolymerdevices
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 35 , Issue 9 , 14 May 2020 , pp. 1182 - 1189
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Zhang, Y., Ben Jar, P-Y., Xue, S., and Li, L.: Quantification of strain-induced damage in semi-crystalline polymers: A review. J. Mater. Sci. 54, 62–82 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehdikhani, M., Gorbatikh, L., Verpoest, I., and Lomov, S.V.: Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance. J. Compos. Mater. 53, 1579–1669 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aurilia, M., Piscitelli, F., Sorrentino, L., Lavorgna, M., and Iannace, S.: Detailed analysis of dynamic mechanical properties of TPU nanocomposite: The role of the interfaces. Eur. Polym. J. 47, 925–936 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheng, D., Tan, J., Liu, X., Wang, P., and Yang, Y.: Effect of organoclay with various organic modifiers on the morphological, mechanical, and gas barrier properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/organoclay nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. 46, 6508–6517 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fu, S.Y., Lauke, B., Mäder, E., Yue, C.Y., and Hu, X.: Tensile properties of short-glass-fiber- and short-carbon-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. Composites, Part A 31, 1117–1125 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Satheesh Raja, R., Manisekar, K., and Manikandan, V.: Study on mechanical properties of fly ash impregnated glass fiber reinforced polymer composites using mixture design analysis. Mater. Des. 55, 499–508 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ha, J., Chae, S., Chou, K.W., Tyliszczak, T., and Monteiro, P.J.M.: Effect of polymers on the nanostructure and on the carbonation of calcium silicate hydrates: A scanning transmission X-ray microscopy study. J. Mater. Sci. 47, 976–989 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eyvazzadeh Kalajahi, A., Rezaei, M., and Abbasi, F.: Preparation, characterization, and thermo-mechanical properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)-piperazine-based polyurethane-urea shape memory polymers. J. Mater. Sci. 51, 4379–4389 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamad, K., Kaseem, M., and Deri, F.: Effect of recycling on rheological and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/polystyrene polymer blend. J. Mater. Sci. 46, 3013–3019 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, J.M.: Microstructural aspects of failure in semicrystalline polymers. Polym. Eng. Sci. 24, 770–785 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirica, K.A., Shevkoplyas, S.S., Phillips, S.T., Gupta, M., and Whitesides, G.M.: Measuring densities of solids and liquids using magnetic levitation: Fundamentals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 10049–10058 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gao, Q-H., Li, W-B., Zou, H-X., Yan, H., Peng, Z-K., Meng, G., and Zhang, W-M.: A centrifugal magnetic levitation approach for high-reliability density measurement. Sens. Actuators, B 287, 64–70 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nemiroski, A., Soh, S., Kwok, S.W., Yu, H.D., and Whitesides, G.M.: Tilted magnetic levitation enables measurement of the complete range of densities of materials with low magnetic permeability. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 1252 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mirica, K.A., Phillips, S.T., Mace, C.R., and Whitesides, G.M.: Magnetic levitation in the analysis of foods and water. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58, 6565–6569 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lockett, M.R., Mirica, K.A., Mace, C.R., Blackledge, R.D., and Whitesides, G.M.: Analyzing forensic evidence based on density with magnetic levitation. J. Forensic Sci. 58, 40–45 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gao, Q-H., Zhang, W-M., Zou, H-X., Li, W-B., Yan, H., Peng, Z-K., and Meng, G.: Label-free manipulation via the magneto-archimedes effect: Fundamentals, methodology, and applications. Mater. Horiz. 6, 1359–1379 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ge, S., Nemiroski, A., Mirica, K.A., Mace, C.R., Hennek, J.W., Kumar, A.A., and Whitesides, G.M.: Magnetic levitation in chemistry, materials science, and biochemistry. Angew. Chem. (2019). doi: 10.1002/anie.201903391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tasoglu, S., Yu, C.H., Gungordu, H.I., Guven, S., Vural, T., and Demirci, U.: Guided and magnetic self-assembly of tunable magnetoceptive gels. Nat. Commun. 5, 4702 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yenilmez, B., Knowlton, S., and Tasoglu, S.: Self-contained handheld magnetic platform for point of care cytometry in biological samples. Adv. Mater. Technol. 1, 1600144 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knowlton, S., Yu, C.H., Jain, N., Ghiran, I.C., and Tasoglu, S.: Smart-Phone based magnetic levitation for measuring densities. PLoS One 10, 8 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knowlton, S., Joshi, A., Syrrist, P., Coskun, A.F., and Tasoglu, S.: 3D-printed smartphone-based point of care tool for fluorescence- and magnetophoresis-based cytometry. Lab Chip 17, 2839 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amin, R., Knowlton, S., Yenilmes, B., Hart, A., Joshi, A., and Tasoglu, S.: Smart-phone attachable, flow-assisted magnetic focusing device. RSC Adv. 6, 93922 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, C., Zhao, P., Gu, F., Xie, J., Xia, N., He, Y., and Fu, J.: Single-ring magnetic levitation configuration for object manipulation and density-based measurement. Anal. Chem. 90, 9226–9233 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xie, J., Zhang, C., Gu, F., Wang, Y., Fu, J., and Zhao, P.: An accurate and versatile density measurement device: Magnetic levitation. Sens. Actuators, B 295, 204–214 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, J., Zhao, P., Jing, Z., Zhang, C., Xia, N., and Fu, J.: Research on the sensitivity of magnetic levitation (MagLev) devices. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 468, 100–104 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, J., Zhao, P., Zhang, C., and Fu, J.: Measuring densities of polymers by magneto-archimedes levitation. Polym. Test. 56, 308–313 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, P., Xie, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, C., Xia, N., and Fu, J.: Evaluation of polymer injection molded parts via density-based magnetic levitation. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 137, 48431 (2020).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, N., Zhao, P., Xie, J., Zhang, C., Fu, J., and Turng, L-S.: Defect diagnosis for polymeric samples via magnetic levitation. NDT&E Int. 100, 175–182 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, P., Xie, J., Gu, F., Sharmin, N., Hall, P., and Fu, J.: Separation of mixed waste plastics via magnetic levitation. Waste Manage. 76, 46–54 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, X., Gu, F., Xie, J., Zhang, C., Fu, J., and Zhao, P.: Magnetic projection: A novel separation method and its first application on separating mixed plastics. Waste Manage. 87, 805–813 (2019).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xie, J., Zhao, P., Zhang, C., Hao, Y., Xia, N., and Fu, J.: A feasible, portable and convenient density measurement method for minerals via magnetic levitation. Measurement 136, 564–572 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar