Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T04:02:30.543Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A polycrystalline SiC-on-Si architecture for capacitive pressure sensing applications beyond 400 °C: Process development and device performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 August 2012

Jiangang Du
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Christian A. Zorman*
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

To overcome the low fabrication yield associated with single crystalline 3C–SiC diaphragm-based high temperature capacitive pressure sensors fabricated by wafer bonding, we have developed an alternative based on a polycrystalline SiC-on-Si architecture. The capacitive pressure sensing element, i.e., a thin film diaphragm, was fabricated using low stress and high conductivity low-pressure chemical vapor deposition poly-SiC thin films, and the sensing architecture was formed by wafer bonding a poly-SiC film to a Si substrate using phosphosilicate glass bonding films. With a geometric aspect ratio of up to 800:1 and a maximum deflection load eight times or more to their thickness, the poly-SiC diaphragm-based sensors presented repeatable pressure sensing characteristics up to 500 °C.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Krotz, G., Legner, W., Wagner, C., Moller, H., Sonntag, H., and Muller, G.: Silicon carbide as a mechanical material. Transducers 95, 186 (1995).Google Scholar
Mehregany, M.: Silicon carbide for microelectromechanical systems. Int. Mater. Rev. 45, 85 (2000).Google Scholar
Tong, L., Mehregany, M., and Matus, L.G.: Silicon carbide as a new micromechanics material. IEEE Solid-State Sens. Actuators 198 (1992).Google Scholar
National Research Council: Materials for High-Temperature Semiconductor Devices (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1995).Google Scholar
Ned, A.A., Okojie, R.S., and Kurtz, A.D.: 6H-SiC pressure sensor operation at 600 °C. HITEC 257 (1998).Google Scholar
Okojie, R.S., DeLaat, J.C., and Saus, J.R.: SiC pressure sensor for detection of combustor thermoacoustic instabilities [aircraft engine applications]. In 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators. and Microsystems, (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2005); p. 470.Google Scholar
Okojie, R.S., Ned, A.A., and Kurtz, A.D.: Operation of α (6H)-SiC pressure sensor at 500 °C. Sens.Actuators, A 66, 200 (1998).Google Scholar
Okojie, R.S., Ned, A.A., Kurtz, A.D., and Carr, W.N.: α(6H)-SiC pressure sensors at 350 °C. Int. Electron. Devices Meetings 525 (1996).Google Scholar
Wu, C-H., Stefanescu, S., Kuo, H-I., Zorman, C.A., Mehregany, M., and Obermeier, E.: Fabrication and testing of single crystalline 3C-SiC piezoresistive pressure sensors. In International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators, (Springer, New York, NY, 2001); p. 514.Google Scholar
Hammerschmidt, D., Schnatz, F.V., Brockherde, W., Hosticka, B.J., and Obermeier, E.: A CMOS piezoresistive pressure sensor with on-chip programming and calibration. In IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1993); p. 128.Google Scholar
Shor, J.S., Bemis, L., and Kurtz, A.D.: Characterization of monolithic n-type 6H-SiC piezoresistive sensing elements. IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 41, 661 (1994).Google Scholar
Shor, J.S., Goldstein, D., and Kurtz, A.D.: Characterization of n-type β-SiC as a piezoresistor. IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 40, 1093 (1993).Google Scholar
Wu, C.H., Zorman, C.A., and Mehregany, M.: Fabrication and testing of bulk micromachined silicon carbide piezoresistive pressure sensors for high temperature applications. IEEE Sens. J. 6, 316 (2006).Google Scholar
Ko, W.H. and Wang, Q.: Touch mode capacitive pressure sensors. Sens. Actuators, A 75, 242 (1999).Google Scholar
Ko, W.H., Wang, Q., and Wang, Y.: Touch mode capacitive pressure sensors for industrial applications. In Solid-State Sensors and Actuators Workshop, (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1996); p. 244.Google Scholar
Fonseca, M.A., English, J.M., von Arx, M., and Allen, M.G.: Wireless micromachined ceramic pressure sensor for high-temperature applications. J. Microelectromech. Syst. 11, 337 (2002).Google Scholar
Young, D.J., Du, J., Zorman, C.A., and Ko, W.H.: High-temperature single-crystal 3C-SiC capacitive pressure sensor. IEEE Sensors J. 4, 464 (2004).Google Scholar
Du, J., Ko, W.H., Mehregany, M., and Zorman, C.A.: Poly-SiC capacitive pressure sensors made by wafer bonding. In IEEE Conference on Sensors, (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2005); p. 1268.Google Scholar
Chen, L. and Mehregany, M.: A silicon carbide capacitive pressure sensor for high temperature and harsh environment applications. In Transducers’ 2007, (IEEE, Piscataway, NY, 2007); p. 2597.Google Scholar
Chen, L. and Mehregany, M.: A silicon carbide capacitive pressure sensor for in-cylinder pressure measurement. Sens. and Act. A (Phy.) 145146, 2 (2008).Google Scholar
Wang, Q.: Touch mode capacitive pressure sensors and interface circuits. Ph.D. Dissertation, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 1998.Google Scholar
Eaton, W.P., Bitsie, F., Smith, J.H., and Plummer, D.W.: A new analytical solution for diaphragm deflection and its application to a surface-micromachined pressure sensor. In Proceedings International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of. Microsystems, Semiconductors, Sensors and Actuators, (Nano Science and Technology Institute, Danville, CA, 1999); p. 640.Google Scholar
Timoshenko, S.: Theory of Plates and Shells (McGraw-Hill, Columbus, OH, 1959).Google Scholar
Dunning, J.L.: Development of low-stress, undoped poly-SiC films in a large-scale LPCVD furnace using gas flow as a controlling parameter. M.S. Thesis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 2005.Google Scholar
Trevino, J., Xiao-An, F., Mehregany, M., and Zorman, C.: Low-stress, heavily-doped polycrystalline silicon carbide for MEMS applications. In MEMS’ 2005, (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2005); p. 451.Google Scholar
Tong, Q.-Y., Gosele, U., Yuan, C., Steckl, A.J., and Reiche, M.: Silicon carbide wafer bonding. J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, 232 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kern, W. and Schnable, G.L.: Chemically vapor-deposited borophosphosilicate glasses for silicon device applications. RCA Rev. 43, 423 (1982).Google Scholar
Yang, : MOS capacitance measurements for high-leakage thin dielectrics. IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 46, 1500 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar