Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T05:16:39.729Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phase evolution of solid-state BaTiO3 powder prepared with the ultrafine BaCO3 and TiO2

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 August 2012

Ting-Tai Lee ,
Chi-Yuen Huang ,
Che-Yuan Chang ,
I-Kuan Cheng ,
Ching-Li Hu ,
Chun-Te Lee  and
Masayuki Fujimoto
Ting-Tai Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; and MLCC R & D Division, Yageo Corporation, Kaohsiung 81170, Taiwan
Chi-Yuen Huang*
Affiliation:
Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
Che-Yuan Chang
Affiliation:
Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
I-Kuan Cheng
Affiliation:
MLCC R&D Division, Yageo Corporation, Kaohsiung 81170, Taiwan
Ching-Li Hu
Affiliation:
MLCC R&D Division, Yageo Corporation, Kaohsiung 81170, Taiwan
Chun-Te Lee
Affiliation:
MLCC R&D Division, Yageo Corporation, Kaohsiung 81170, Taiwan
Masayuki Fujimoto
Affiliation:
MLCC R&D Division, Yageo Corporation, Kaohsiung 81170, Taiwan
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The phase evolution, nucleation, and sintered ceramics of barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) powder prepared by solid-state synthesis with an ultrafine starting material (27 m2/g of BaCO3 and 190 m2/g of TiO2) were investigated in this study. Surface diffusion between BaCO3 and TiO2 was observed at a relatively low temperature of 400 °C by transmission electron microscopy. Rapid nucleation of the BT and cubic BT phases was observed at 500 °C by x-ray diffraction. The derivative thermogravimetry curve clearly shows a single step of BT formation at 600 °C. In short, pure BT particles with an average particle size of 250 nm and high tetragonality were prepared by solid-state synthesis, which produced X7R ceramics with high dielectric permittivity, high insulation resistance, and a clear core–shell structure.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 27 , Issue 19 , 14 October 2012 , pp. 2495 - 2502
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Pithan, C., Hennings, D., and Waser, R.: Progress in the synthesis of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 powders for MLCC. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 2, 1 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishi, H., Mizuno, Y., and Chazono, H.: Base-metal electrode-multilayer ceramic capacitors: Past, present and future perspectives. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42, 1 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randall, C.A.: Scientific and engineering issues of the state-of-art and future multilayer ceramic capacitors. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 109, S2 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsurumi, T., Sekine, T., Kakemoto, H., Hoshina, T., Nam, S-M., Yasuno, H., and Wada, S.: Evaluation and statistical analysis of dielectric permittivity of BaTiO3 powders. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89, 1337 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mizuno, Y., Hagiwara, T., and Kishi, H.: Microstructural design of dielectrics for Ni-MLCC with ultra-thin active layers. J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 115, 360 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trzebiatowski, W., Wojciechowska, J., and Damm, J.: Mechanism of synthesis of barium titanate. Roczniki Chem. 26, 12 (1952).Google Scholar
Kubo, T., and Shinriki, K.: Chemical reaction in the solid state: III, Reaction between BaCO3 and TiO2 in solid state. J. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 55, 49 (1952).Google Scholar
Kubo, T., and Shinriki, K.: Chemical reaction in the solid state: IV, Interface of moisture and carbon dioxide on formation of various barium titanates. J. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 55, 137 (1952).Google Scholar
Templeton, L.K., and Pask, J.A.: Formation of BaTiO3 from BaCO3 and TiO2 in air and in CO2. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 42, 212 (1959).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beauger, A., Mutin, J.C., and Niepce, J.C.: Synthesis reaction of metatitanate BaTiO3. Part 1. Effect of the gaseous atmosphere upon the thermal evolution of the system BaCO3 – TiO2. J. Mater. Sci. 18, 3041 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beauger, A., Mutin, J.C., and Niepce, J.C.: Synthesis reaction of metatitanate BaTiO3. Part 2. Study of solid-solid reaction interfaces. J. Mater. Sci. 18, 3543 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amin, A., Spears, M.A., and Kulwicki, B.M.: Reaction of anatase and rutile with barium carbonate. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66, 733 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hertl, W.: Kinetics of barium titanate synthesis. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 71, 879 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niepce, J.C., and Thomas, G.: About the mechanism of the solid way synthesis of barium metatitanate. Industrial consequences. Solid State Ionics 43, 69 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rössel, M., Höche, H.R., Leipner, H.S., Völtzke, D., Abicht, H.P., Hollricher, O., Müller, J., and Gablenz, S.: Raman microscopic investigations of BaTiO3 precursors with core-shell structure. Anal. Bioanal.Chem. 380, 157 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kobayashi, K., Suzuki, T., and Mizuno, Y.: Microstructure analysis of solid-state reaction in synthesis of BaTiO3 powder using transmission electron microscope. Appl. Phys. Express 1, 041602 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, T.T., Huang, C.Y., Chang, C.Y., Lin, S.P., Su, C.Y., Lee, C.T., and Fujimoto, M.: Phase evolution and nucleus growth observation of solid-state BaTiO3 powder prepared by high-energy bead milling for raw material mixing. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 091502 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, W.S., Hennings, D.F.K., and Tseng, T.Y.: Effect of calcination temperature and A/B-ratio on dielectric properties of (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Zr, Mn)O3 multilayer capacitors with Ni electrodes. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 1402 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennings, D., Seriyati Schreinemacher, B., and Schreinemacher, H.: Solid–state preparation of BaTiO3-based dielectrics using ultrafine raw materials. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84, 2777 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ando, C., Yanagawa, R., Chazono, H., Kishi, H., and Senna, M.: Nuclei-growth optimization for fine-grained BaTiO3 by precision-controlled mechanical pretreatment of starting powder mixture. J. Mater. Res. 19, 3592 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yanagawa, R., Senna, M., Ando, C., Chazono, H., and Kishi, H.: Preparation of 200 nm BaTiO3 particles with their tetragonality 1.010 via a solid-state reaction preceded by agglomeration-free mechanical activation. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90, 809 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buscaglia, M.T., Bassoli, M., Buscaglia, V., and Alessio, R.: Solid-state synthesis of ultrafine BaTiO3 powders from nanocrystalline BaCO3 and TiO2. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88, 2374 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buscaglia, M.T., Bassoli, M., Buscaglia, V., and Vormberg, R.: Solid-state synthesis of nanocrystalline BaTiO3: Reaction kinetics and powder properties. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91, 2862 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennings, D., and Rosenstein, G.: Temperature-stable dielectrics based on chemically inhomogeneous BaTiO3. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 67, 249 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kishi, H., Okino, Y., Honda, M., Iguchi, Y., Imada, M., Takahashi, Y., Ohsato, H., and Kuda, T.: The effect of MgO and rare-earth oxide on formation behavior of core-shell structure in BaTiO3. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 5954 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randall, C.A., Wang, S.F., Laubscher, D., Dougherty, J.P., and Huebner, W.: Structure property relationships in core-shell BaTiO3–LiF ceramics. J. Mater. Res. 8, 871 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, T., Wang, X.H., Wen, H., and Li, L.T.: Effect of milling process on the core-shell structures and dielectric properties of fine-grained BaTiO3-based X7R ceramic materials. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 16, 345 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hennings, D.: Barium titanate based ceramic materials for dielectric use. Int. J. High Technol. Ceram. 3, 91 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chazono, H., and Fujimoto, M.: Sintering characteristics and formation mechanisms of ‘core-shell’ structure in BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Co3O5 ternary system. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, 5354 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar