Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T08:34:23.692Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microstructure and compressive properties of porous Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr alloy for orthopedic applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2019

Bo-Qiong Li ,
Xin-Cheng Li  and
Xing Lu
Bo-Qiong Li*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
Xin-Cheng Li
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
Xing Lu
Affiliation:
Liaoning Key Materials Laboratory for Railway, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a significant thrust toward the development of novel implant alloys based on β-Ti with low Young’s modulus to prevent stress shielding. In this study, porous Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr alloys with porosity of <55% and macro-pore size of 100–400 μm for biomedical applications were successfully fabricated by a space-holder method. The microstructure and compressive behavior were studied. The results show that the micro-pore size of porous Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr alloys decreases with an increase in the amount of the process control agent (PCA), which has no obvious effect on the porosity and the macro-pore size formed by the space holder. Porous Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr alloys fail mainly because of the cleavage and ductile fracture with some dimples in compression. The compressive modulus increases from 0.6 to 6.5 GPa with the increase in the PCA and decrease of the space holder. The influence mechanism has been analyzed by the finite element calculation and the Gibson–Ashby model.

Keywords

powder metallurgybiomaterialalloy
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 34 , Issue 24 , 30 December 2019 , pp. 4045 - 4055
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Kunčická, L., Kocich, R., and Lowe, T.C.: Advances in metals and alloys for joint replacement. Prog. Mater. Sci. 88, 232 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X.H., Li, J.S., Hu, R., and Kou, H.C.: Mechanical properties and pore structure deformation behaviour of biomedical porous titanium. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 25, 1543 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ozan, S., Lin, J.X., Li, Y.C., Ipek, R., and Wen, C.E.: Development of Ti–Nb–Zr alloys with high elastic admissible strain for temporary orthopedic devices. Acta Mater. 20, 176 (2015).Google ScholarPubMed
Black, J.: Biological Performance of Materials, Fundamentals of Biocompatibility, 4th ed. (CRC Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, 2006).Google Scholar
Liang, S.X., Feng, X.J., Yin, L.X., Liu, X.Y., Ma, M.Z., and Liu, R.P.: Development of a new β Ti alloy with low modulus and favorable plasticity for implant material. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 61, 338 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyer, R., Welsch, G., and Collings, E.W.: Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys, Vol. 10 (ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1994).Google Scholar
Kumar, S. and Sankara Narayanan, T.S.N.: Corrosion behaviour of Ti–5Mo alloy for dental implant applications. J. Dent. 36, 500 (2008).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, X., L Ye, S., Yuan, X.N., and Yu, P.: Fabrication of biomedical Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn alloy with high strength and low elastic modulus by powder metallurgy. J. Alloys Compd. 772, 968 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Q.Z. and Thouas, G.A.: Metallic implant biomaterials. Mater. Sci. Eng., R 87, 1 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, L.B., Yuan, T.C., Li, R.D., and Li, L.B.: Two ways of evaluating the wear property of Ti–13Nb–13Zr fabricated by selective laser melting. Mater. Lett. 242, 9 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y.S., Hu, J.J., Zhang, W., Yu, S., and Zhang, L.C.: Discontinuous core–shell structured Ti–25Nb–3Mo–3Zr–2Sn alloy with high strength and good plasticity. Mater. Charact. 147, 127 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabadia, C.D., Liu, Y.J., Jawed, S.F., Wang, L., Li, Y.H., Zhang, X.H., Sercombe, T.B., Sun, H., and Zhang, L.C.: Improved deformation behavior in Ti–Zr–Fe–Mn alloys comprising the C14 type laves and β phases. Mater. Des. 160, 1059 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, J.M., Cao, L., Xie, Y.H., Zhou, Y., Luo, Y.F., Mudi, K.Q., Gao, H.Y., and Wang, J.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy joints produced by transient liquid phase bonding using spark plasma sintering. Mater. Charact. 147, 116 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dercz, G., Matuła, I., Zubko, M., Kazek-Kęsik, A., Maszybrocka, J., Simka, W., Dercz, J., Świec, P., and Jendrzejewska, I.: Synthesis of porous Ti–50Ta alloy by powder metallurgy. Mater. Charact. 142, 124 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ning, R., Zheng, X.H., Yao, J., Zhang, Z.G., and Cai, W.: The effect of annealing treatment on microstructure and shape memory behavior of Ti–Ta–Zr thin films. Vacuum 153, 1 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, S., Liang, S.X., Yin, Y.X., Zheng, L.Y., Xie, H.L., and Shen, Y.: Martensitic transition and shape memory effect of Ti–Zr–Mo series alloys. Intermetallics 88, 55 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehtemam-Haghighi, S., Cao, G.H., and Zhang, L.C.: Nanoindentation study of mechanical properties of Ti based alloys with Fe and Ta additions. J. Alloys Compd. 692, 892 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acharya, S., Panicker, A.G., Laxmi, D.V., Suwas, S., and Chatterjee, K.: Study of the influence of Zr on the mechanical properties and functional response of Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr–O alloy for orthopedic applications. Mater. Des. 164, 107555 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cojocaru, V.D., Raducanu, D., Gloriant, T., Gordin, D.M., and Cinca, I.: Effects of cold-rolling deformation on texture evolution and mechanical properties of Ti–29Nb–9Ta–10Zr alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 586, 1 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niinomi, M., Nakai, M., and Hieda, J.: Development of new metallic alloys for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater. 8, 3888 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, B.Q. and Lu, X.: A biomedical Ti–35Nb–5Ta–7Zr alloy fabricated by powder metallurgy. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 28, 5616 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stenlund, P., Omar, O., Brohede, U., Norgren, S., Nolindh, B., Johansson, A., Lausmaa, J., Thomsen, P., and Palmquist, A.: Bone response to a novel Ti–Ta–Nb–Zr alloy. Acta Mater. 20, 165 (2015).Google ScholarPubMed
de Andrade, D.P., de Vasconcellos, L.M., Carvalho, I.C., Forte, L.F., de Souza Santos, E.L., Prado, R.F., Santos, D.R., Cairo, C.A., and Carvalho, Y.R.: Titanium–35niobium alloy as a potential material for biomedical implants: In vitro study. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 56, 538 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laheurte, P., Prima, F., Eberhardt, A., Gloriant, T., Wary, M., and Patoor, E.: Mechanical properties of low modulus β titanium alloys designed from the electronic approach. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. 3, 565 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, J., Ruan, J.M., Chang, L., L Yang, H., and Ruan, W.: Porous Nb–Ti–Ta alloy scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Fabrication, mechanical properties and vitro/vivo biocompatibility. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 78, 503 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, Y.C., Xiong, J.Y., Hodgson, P.D., and Wen, C.E.: Effects of structural property and surface modification of Ti6Ta4Sn scaffolds on the response of SaOS2 cells for bone tissue engineering. J. Alloys Compd. 494, 323 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okulov, I.V., Okulov, A.V., Soldatov, I.V., Luthringer, B., Willumeit-Römer, R., Wada, T., Kato, H., WeissmÜller, J., and Markmann, J.: Open porous dealloying-based biomaterials as a novel biomaterial platform. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 88, 95 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wen, C.E., Mabuchi, M., Yamada, Y., Shimojima, K., and Asahina, T.: Processing of biocompatible porous Ti and Mg. Scr. Mater. 45, 1147 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, D., Li, Q.Y., Xu, M.Q., Jiang, G.F., Zhang, Y.X., and He, G.: A novel approach to fabrication of three-dimensional porous titanium with controllable structure. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 71, 1046 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taniguchi, N., Fujibayashi, S., Takemoto, M., Sasaki, K., Otsuki, B., Nakamura, T., Matsushita, T., Kokubo, T., and Matsuda, S.: Effect of pore size on bone ingrowth into porous titanium implants fabricated by additive manufacturing: An in vivo experiment. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 59, 690 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yánez, A., Cuadrado, A., Martel, O., Afonso, H., and Monopoli, D.: Gyroid porous titanium structures: A versatile solution to be used as scaffolds in bone defect reconstruction. Mater. Des. 140, 21 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandenbroucke, B. and Kruth, J.: Selective laser melting of biocompatible metals for rapid manufacturing of medical parts. Rapid Prototyp. J. 13, 196 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, F.P., Li, J.S., Kou, H.C., and Zhou, L.: Porous Ti6Al4V alloys with enhanced normalized fatigue strength for biomedical applications. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 60, 485 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, B.Q., Lu, X., Hou, J., and Teng, Y.L.: The microstructure and pore characteristic of porous titanium by powder metallurgy. J. Funct. Mater. 38, 1762 (2007).Google Scholar
Li, B.Q., Wang, C.Y., and Lu, X.: Effect of pore structure on the compressive property of porous Ti produced by powder metallurgy technique. Mater. Des. 50, 613 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conversion between HV and MPa and Reference Conversion Table of Hardness and Strength, 2018. Available at: https://wenku.baidu.com/view/63d4d603b52acfc789ebc912.html (accessed August 25, 2018).Google Scholar
Yuan, W., Hou, W.T., Li, S.J., Hao, Y.L., Yang, R., Zhang, L.C., and Zhu, Y.: Heat treatment enhancing the compressive fatigue properties of open-cellular Ti–6Al–4V alloy prototypes fabricated by electron beam melting. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 34, 1127 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, L.J. and Ashby, M.F.: Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997): pp. 189–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, P.S., Liang, K.M., Gu, S.R., and Wang, X.S.: The exponential item in formulas for calculating tensile strength of porous metal. Chin. J. Theor. Appl. Mech. 33, 853 (2001).Google Scholar
Jorgensen, D.J. and Dunand, D.C.: Ti–6Al–4V with micro- and macropores produced by powder sintering and electrochemical dissolution of steel wires. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527, 849 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, S.A.: The mechanical properties of trabecular bone: Dependence on anatomic and function. J. Biomech. 20, 1055 (1987).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Niu, W.J., Bai, C.G., Qiu, G.B., and Wang, Q.: Processing and properties of porous titanium using space holder technique. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 506, 148 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nomura, N., Kohama, T., Oh, I.H., Hanada, S., Chiba, A., Kanehira, M., and Sasaki, K.: Mechanical properties of porous Ti–15Mo–5Zr–3Al compacts prepared by powder sintering. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 25, 330 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takemoto, M., Fujibayashi, S., Neo, M., Suzuki, J., Kokubo, T., and Nakamura, T.: Mechanical properties and osteoconductivity of porous bioactive titanium. Biomaterials 26, 6014 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed