Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T04:58:41.174Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Microstructural Evolution of an Ultrafine-grained Cryomilled Al 5083 Alloy During Thermomechanical Processing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2005

David Witkin*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2575
Bing Q. Han
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
Enrique J. Lavernia
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The microstructural changes in cryomilled and consolidated Al 5083 following compression testing at several temperatures are described. Prior to testing, the material had an average grain size of approximately 138 nm and exhibited a duplex microstructure, containing coarse grains between 500 and 2000 nm. After uniaxial compressive deformation at temperatures between 423 and 573 K (0.49–0.66 Tm), the average grain size increased to between 200 and 300 nm, consistent with the average grain size of extrusions formed from the same material at similar temperatures. The similarity in grain size distribution following uniaxial compression or extrusion despite differences in total strain and stress state imposed by each indicates that much of the deformation in the extrusion process occurs in coarse-grained regions.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Nanostructured Materials: Processing, Properties and Potential Applications, edited by Koch, C.C. (Noyes Publications/William Andrew Publishing, Norwich, NY, 2002).Google Scholar
2Siegel, R.W.: Nanophase materials assembled from atomic clusters. MRS Bull. 15, 60 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Koch, C.C.: Synthesis of nanostructured materials by mechanical milling: Problems and opportunities. Nanostruct. Mater. 9, 13 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Valiev, R.Z., Islamgaliev, R.K. and Alexandrov, I.V.: Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Prog. Mater. Sci. 45, 103 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Luton, M.J., Jayanth, C.S., Disko, M.M., Matras, S. and Vallone, J.: Cryomilling of nano-phase dispersion strengthened aluminum, in Multicomponent Ultrafine Microstructures, edited by McCandlish, L.E., Polk, D.E., Siegel, R.W., and Kear, B.H. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 132, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989), p. 79.Google Scholar
6Lee, J., Zhou, F., Chung, K.H., Kim, N.J. and Lavernia, E.J.: Grain growth of nanocrystalline Ni powders prepared by cryomilling. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 32, 3109 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Perez, R.J.: Synthesis and stability of nanocrystalline Fe alloys produced by high energy ball milling. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Irvine, CA, 1997.Google Scholar
8Zhou, F., Lee, J., Dallek, S. and Lavernia, E.J.: High grain size stability of nanocrystalline Al prepared by mechanical attrition. J. Mater. Res. 16, 3451 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Zhou, F., Rodriguez, R. and Lavernia, E.J.: Thermally stable nanocrystalline Al–Mg alloys powders produced by cryomilling. Mater. Sci. Forum 386–388,409 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Zhou, F., Liao, X.Z., Zhu, Y.T., Dallek, S. and Lavernia, E.J.: Microstructural evolution during recovery and recrystallization of a nanocrystalline Al–Mg alloy prepared by cryogenic ball milling. Acta Mater. 51, 2777 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Kim, S-S., Haynes, M.J. and Gangloff, R.P.: Localized deformation and elevated temperature fracture of submicron-grain aluminum with dispersoids. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 203, 256 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Perez, R.J., Jiang, H.G., Dogan, C.P. and Lavernia, E.J.: Grain growth of nanocrystalline cryomilled Fe–Al powders. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 29, 2469 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Hayes, R.W., Rodriguez, R. and Lavernia, E.J.: The mechanical behavior of a cryomilled Al–10Ti–2Cu. Acta Mater. 49, 4055 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Tellkamp, V.L., Melmed, A. and Lavernia, E.J.: Mechanical behavior and microstructure of a thermally stable bulk nanostructured Al alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 32, 2335 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Han, B.Q., Lee, Z., Nutt, S.R., Lavernia, E.J. and Mohamed, F.A.: Mechanical properties of an ultrafine-grained Al–7.5Mg alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 34, 603 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Lee, Z., Rodriguez, R., Hayes, R.W., Lavernia, E.J. and Nutt, S.R.: Microstructural evolution and deformation of cryomilled nanocrystalline Al–Ti–Cu alloy. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 34, 1473 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Witkin, D., Han, B.Q. and Lavernia, E.J.: Mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained cryomilled Al 5083 at elevated temperature J. Mater. Eng. Perfom. 14 4(2005).Google Scholar
18Zhou, F., Nutt, S.R., Bampton, C.C. and Lavernia, E.J.: Nanostructure in an Al–Mg–Sc alloy processed by low-energy ball milling at cryogenic temperature. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 34, 1985 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Atkinson, H.V. and Davies, S.: Fundamental aspects of hot isostatic pressing: An overview. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 31, 2981 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Ashby, M.F.: Sintering and hot isostatic pressing diagrams, in Powder Metallurgy: An Overview, edited by Jenkins, I. and Wood, J.V. (The Institute of Metals, London, U.K., 1991), p. 144.Google Scholar
21Koch, C.C.: Optimization of strength and ductility in nanocrystalline and ultrafine grained metals. Scripta Mater. 49, 657 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Milligan, W.W. In Interfacial and Nanoscale Fracture, edited by Gerberich, W. and Yang, W. (Elsevier Pergamon, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2003), p. 529.Google Scholar
23Susegg, O., Hellum, E., Olsen, A. and Luton, M.J.: HREM study of dispersoids in cryomilled oxide dispersion stengthened materials. Philos. Mag. A 68, 367 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Kim, Y-W., Griffith, W.M. and Froes, F.H.: Surface oxides in P/M aluminum alloys. JOM 37, 27 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Gilman, P.S. and Nix, W.D.: The structure and properties of aluminum alloys produced by mechanical alloying: Powder processing and resultant powder structures. Metall. Trans. A 12, 813 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Hawk, J.A., Mirchandani, P.K., Benn, R.C. and Wilsdorf, H.G.F. In Dispersion Strengthened Aluminum Alloys, edited by Kim, Y-W. and Griffith, W.M. (TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1988), p. 517.Google Scholar
27Barlow, C.Y. and Hansen, N.: Deformation structures in aluminum containing small particles. Acta Metall. 37, 1313 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Barlow, C.Y., Hansen, N. and Liu, Y.L.: Fine scale structures from deformation of aluminum containing small alumina particles. Acta Mater. 50, 171 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Hughes, D.A.: Microstructural evolution in a non-cell forming metal: Al–Mg. Acta Metall. Mater. 41, 1421 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Dupuy, L., Blandin, J.J. and Rauch, E.F.: Microstructure and high temperature deformation of an ECAE processed 5083 Al alloy. Mater. Sci. Forum 357–359, 437 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Chang, S-Y., Lee, J.G., Park, K-T. and Shin, D.H.: Microstructures and mechanical properties of equal channel angular pressed 5083 Al alloy. Mater. Trans. 42, 1074 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Jin, M., Minor, A.M., Stach, E.A. and Morris, J.W.: Direct observation of deformation induced grain growth during the nanoindentation of ultrafine-grained Al at room temperatureq. Acta Mater. 52, 5381 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Zhang, X., Wang, H., Scattergood, R.O., Narayan, J., Koch, C.C., Sergueeva, A.V. and Mukherjee, A.K.: Tensile elongation (110%) observed in ultrafine-grained Zn at room temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 823 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34Lee, S., Utsunomiya, A., Akamatsu, H., Neishi, K., Furukawa, M., Horita, Z. and Langdon, T.G.: Influence of scandium and zirconium on grain stability and superplastic ductilities in ultrafine-grained Al–Mg alloys. Acta Mater. 50, 553 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Morris, D.G. and Munoz-Morris, M.A.: Microstructure of severely deformed Al-3Mg and its evolution during annealing. Acta Mater. 50, 4047 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36Benjamin, J.S. and Bomford, M.J.: Dispersion strengthened aluminum made by mechanical alloying. Metall. Trans. A 8, 1301 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37Benjamin, J.S. and Schelleng, R.D.: Dispersion strengthened aluminum-4 Pct magnesium alloy made by mechanical alloying. Metall. Trans. A 12, 1827 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Wilsdorf, H.G.F. and Kuhlman-Wilsdorf, D.: Work softening and Hall–Petch hardening in extruded mechanically alloyed alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 164, 1 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Last, H.R. and Garret, R.K.: Mechanical behavior and properties of mechanically alloyed aluminum alloys. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 27, 737 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40Whittenberger, J.D., Arzt, E. and Luton, M.J.: 1300 K compressive properties of a reaction milled NiAl–AlN composite. J. Mater. Res. 5, 2819 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41Aikin, B.J.M., Dickerson, R.M., Jayne, D.T., Farmer, S. and Whittenberger, J.D.: Formation of aluminum nitride during cryomilling of NiAl. Scripta Metall. Mater. 30, 119 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42Witkin, D. and Lavernia, E.J.: Processing-controlled mechanical properties and microstructures of bulk cryomilled aluminum-magnesium alloys, in Processing and Properties of Structural Nanomaterials, edited by Shaw, L.L., Suryanarayana, C., and Mishra, R.S. (TMS, Chicago, 2003), p. 117.Google Scholar
43Kim, Y-W. and Bidwell, L.R.: Tensile behavior of a mechanically alloyed Al-4.0Mg powder alloy. Scripta Metall. 16, 799 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44Kuhlman-Wilsdorf, D. and Wilsdorf, H.G.F.: Theory of work softening in high performance alloys. Phys. Status Solidi B 172, 235 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar