Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T14:43:09.620Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

High and very high cycle fatigue failure mechanisms in selective laser melted aluminum alloys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2017

Shafaqat Siddique
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
Mustafa Awd*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
Jochen Tenkamp
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
Frank Walther
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund 44227, Germany
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Selective laser melting, a laser-based additive manufacturing process, can manufacture components with good geometrical integrity. Application of the selective laser melting process for serial production is subject to its reliability on mechanical properties, especially on fatigue behavior, when it is required to be applied for dynamic applications. This study focuses on microstructural, quasistatic, high cycle fatigue (HCF), and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) mechanisms of aluminum alloys manufactured by selective laser melting. Manufacturing of hybrid structures by selective laser melting process is also investigated. Microstructural features were investigated for process-induced effects and the corresponding influence on quasistatic and fatigue properties. The microstructural features can be controlled in the selective laser melting process for required properties. Joining strengths in hybrid structures can be improved by post process heat-treatments. Material constants in different fatigue regions were determined, and higher fatigue strength of hybrid alloys was achieved in HCF as well as VHCF regimes.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Mathias Göken

References

REFERENCES

Gibson, I., Rosen, D.W., and Stucker, B.: Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing (Springer, New York, New York, 2010).Google Scholar
Gu, D.D., Meiners, W., Wissenbach, K., and Poprawe, R.: Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components. Int. Mater. Rev. 57(3), 133164 (2012).Google Scholar
van Bael, S., Chai, Y.C., Truscello, S., Moesen, M., Kerckhofs, G., van Oosterwyck, H., Kruth, J-P., and Schrooten, J.: The effect of pore geometry on the in vitro biological behavior of human periosteum-derived cells seeded on selective laser-melted Ti6Al4V bone scaffolds. Acta Biomater. 8(7), 28242834 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewandowski, J.J. and Seifi, M.: Metal additive manufacturing. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 46(1), 151186 (2016).Google Scholar
Murr, L.E., Martinez, E., Amato, K.N., Gaytan, S.M., Hernandez, J., Ramirez, D.A., Shindo, P.W., Medina, F., and Wicker, R.B.: Fabrication of metal and alloy components by additive manufacturing. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 1(1), 4254 (2012).Google Scholar
Siddique, S., Wycisk, E., Tenkamp, J., Hoops, K., Behrens, G., Emmelmann, C., and Walther, F.: Mechanical performance of hybrid aluminum structures manufactured by combination of laser additive manufacturing and conventional machining processes. In Fortschritte in der Werkstoffprüfung für Forschung und Praxis, Borsutzki, M., Moninger, G., eds. (Stahleisen, Düsseldorf, Germany, 2015); pp. 157162.Google Scholar
Murr, L.E., Gaytan, S.M., Ramirez, D.A., Martinez, E., Hernandez, J., Amato, K.N., Shindo, P.W., Medina, F.R., and Wicker, R.B.: Metal fabrication by additive manufacturing using laser and electron beam melting technologies. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 28(1), 114 (2012).Google Scholar
Abele, E., Stoffregen, H.A., Kniepkamp, M., Lang, S., and Hampe, M.: Selective laser melting for manufacturing of thin-walled porous elements. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 215, 114122 (2015).Google Scholar
Guo, C., Ge, W., and Lin, F.: Effects of scanning parameters on material deposition during electron beam selective melting of Ti–6Al–4V powder. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 217, 148157 (2015).Google Scholar
Wang, X.J., Zhang, L.C., Fang, M.H., and Sercombe, T.B.: The effect of atmosphere on the structure and properties of a selective laser melted Al–12Si alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 597, 370375 (2014).Google Scholar
Hernandez, J., Li, S.J., Martinez, E., Murr, L.E., Pan, X.M., Amato, K.N., Cheng, X.Y., Yang, F., Terrazas, C.A., Gaytan, S.M., Hao, Y.L., Yang, R., Medina, F., and Wicker, R.B.: Microstructures and hardness properties for β-Phase Ti–24Nb–4Zr–7.9Sn alloy fabricated by electron beam melting. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 29(11), 10111017 (2013).Google Scholar
Schwerdtfeger, J. and Körner, C.: Selective electron beam melting of Ti–48Al–2Nb–2Cr. Intermetallics 49, 2935 (2014).Google Scholar
Louvis, E., Fox, P., and Sutcliffe, C.J.: Selective laser melting of aluminium components. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 211(2), 275284 (2011).Google Scholar
Zhang, B., Liao, H., and Coddet, C.: Effects of processing parameters on properties of selective laser melting Mg–9% Al powder mixture. Mater. Des. 34, 753758 (2012).Google Scholar
Cain, V., Thijs, L., van Humbeeck, J., van Hooreweder, B., and Knutsen, R.: Crack propagation and fracture toughness of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by selective laser melting. Addit. Manuf. 5, 6876 (2015).Google Scholar
Al-Bermani, S.S., Blackmore, M.L., Zhang, W., and Todd, I.: The origin of microstructural diversity, texture, and mechanical properties in electron beam melted Ti–6Al–4V. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 41(13), 34223434 (2010).Google Scholar
Wycisk, E., Siddique, S., Herzog, D., Walther, F., and Emmelmann, C.: Fatigue performance of laser additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V in very high cycle fatigue regime up to 109 cycles. Front. Mater. 2, 72 (2015).Google Scholar
Rafi, H.K., Karthik, N.V., Gong, H., Starr, T., and Stucker, B.: Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V parts fabricated by selective laser melting and electron beam melting. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 22(12), 38723883 (2013).Google Scholar
Norman, A., Hyde, K., Costello, F., Thompson, S., Birley, S., and Prangnell, P.: Examination of the effect of Sc on 2000 and 7000 series aluminium alloy castings. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 354(1–2), 188198 (2003).Google Scholar
Threadgill, P.L., Leonard, A.J., Shercliff, H.R., and Withers, P.J.: Friction stir welding of aluminium alloys. Int. Mater. Rev. 54(2), 4993 (2013).Google Scholar
Kaufmann, N., Imran, M., Wischeropp, T.M., Emmelmann, C., Siddique, S., and Walther, F.: Influence of process parameters on the quality of aluminium alloy EN AW 7075 using selective laser melting (SLM). Phys. Procedia 83, 918926 (2016).Google Scholar
Bremen, S., Meiners, W., and Diatlov, A.: Selective laser melting. Laser Tech. J. 9(2), 3338 (2012).Google Scholar
Prashanth, K.G., Damodaram, R., Scudino, S., Wang, Z., Prasad Rao, K., and Eckert, J.: Friction welding of Al–12Si parts produced by selective laser melting. Mater. Des. 57, 632637 (2014).Google Scholar
Kempen, K., Thijs, L., van Humbeeck, J., and Kruth, J-P.: Mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg produced by selective laser melting. Phys. Procedia 39, 439446 (2012).Google Scholar
Siddique, S., Wycisk, E., Frieling, G., Emmelmann, C., and Walther, F.: Microstructural and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Al 4047. Appl. Mech. Mater. 752–753, 485490 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siddique, S., Imran, M., Wycisk, E., Emmelmann, C., and Walther, F.: Influence of process-induced microstructure and imperfections on mechanical properties of AlSi12 processed by selective laser melting. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 221, 205213 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siddique, S., Imran, M., Rauer, M., Kaloudis, M., Wycisk, E., Emmelmann, C., and Walther, F.: Computed tomography for characterization of fatigue performance of selective laser melted parts. Mater. Des. 83, 661669 (2015).Google Scholar
Brandl, E., Heckenberger, U., Holzinger, V., and Buchbinder, D.: Additive manufactured AlSi10Mg samples using selective laser melting (SLM). Mater. Des. 34, 159169 (2012).Google Scholar
Siddique, S., Imran, M., and Walther, F.: Very high cycle fatigue and fatigue crack propagation behavior of selective laser melted AlSi12 alloy. Int. J. Fatigue 94(2), 246254 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siddique, S., Imran, M., Wycisk, E., Emmelmann, C., and Walther, F.: Fatigue assessment of laser additive manufactured AlSi12 eutectic alloy in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) range up to 1E9 cycles. Mater. Today 3, 28532860 (2016).Google Scholar
Schumacher, A.W.: Aluminium-Gusslegierungen. Available at: http://www.aw-schumacher.de/index.html (accessed May 18, 2017).Google Scholar
Prashanth, K.G., Scudino, S., Klauss, H.J., Surreddi, K.B., Löber, L., Wang, Z., Chaubey, A.K., Kühn, U., and Eckert, J.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–12Si produced by selective laser melting: Effect of heat treatment. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 590, 153160 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, X.P., Wang, X.J., Saunders, M., Suvorova, A., Zhang, L.C., Liu, Y.J., Fang, M.H., Huang, Z.H., and Sercombe, T.B.: A selective laser melting and solution heat treatment refined Al–12Si alloy with a controllable ultrafine eutectic microstructure and 25% tensile ductility. Acta Mater. 95, 7482 (2015).Google Scholar
Mughrabi, H.: Specific features and mechanisms of fatigue in the ultrahigh-cycle regime. Int. J. Fatigue 28, 15011508 (2006).Google Scholar
Hesse, W.: Aluminium Material Data Sheets, Vol. 7 (Beuth Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 2016).Google Scholar