Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T17:23:32.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Controlled Growth of Gold Nanoparticles on Silica Nanowires

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Aaron D. LaLonde ,
M. Grant Norton ,
Daqing Zhang ,
Devananda Gangadean ,
Abdullah Alkhateeb ,
Radhakrishnan Padmanabhan  and
David N. McIlroy
Aaron D. LaLonde
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920
M. Grant Norton
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920
Daqing Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-0903
Devananda Gangadean
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-0903
Abdullah Alkhateeb
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-0903
Radhakrishnan Padmanabhan
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-0903
David N. McIlroy
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-0903
Get access

Abstract

Production of gold nanoparticles with the specific goal of particle size control has been investigated by systematic variation of chamber pressure and substrate temperature. Gold nanoparticles have been synthesized on SiO2 nanowires by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Determination of particle size and particle size distribution was done using transmission electron microscopy. Average nanoparticle diameters were between 4 and 12 nm, with particle size increasing as substrate temperature increased from 573 to 873 K. A bimodal size distribution was observed at temperatures ≥723 K indicating Ostwald ripening dominated by surface diffusion. The activation energy for surface diffusion of gold on SiO2 was determined to be 10.4 kJ/mol. Particle sizes were found to go through a maximum with increases in chamber pressure. Competition between diffusion within the vapor and dissociation of the precursor caused the pressure effect.

Keywords

MetalNanoparticlePlasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD)
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 20 , Issue 11 , November 2005 , pp. 3021 - 3027
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1 ATP Focused Program: Catalysis and Biocatalysis Technologies. (2003, April). Retrieved February 12, 2005, from http://www.atp.nist.gov/atp/focus/cabt.htm.Google Scholar
2 Clean Energy and Nano Catalyst Conference, SRI International, Menlo Park, California. (2004, August). Retrieved February 12, 2005, from http://www.nanoinvestornews.com/.Google Scholar
3Campbell, C.T.: The active site in nanoparticle gold catalysis. Science 306, 234 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4Haruta, M.: Size- and support-dependency in the catalysis of gold. Catal. Today 36, 153 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Satishkumar, B.C., Vogl, E.M., Govindaraj, A. and Rao, C.N.R.: The decoration of carbon nanotubes by metal nanoparticles. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29, 3173 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Jiang, L. and Gao, L.: Modified carbon nanotubes: An effective way to selective attachment of gold nanoparticles. Carbon 41, 2923 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Panigrahi, S., Kundu, S., Ghosh, S.K., Nath, S. and Pal, T.: General method of synthesis for metal nanoparticles. J. Nanoparticle Res. 6, 411 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Taubert, A., Wiesler, U-M. and Müllen, K.: Dendrimer-controlled one-pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles with a bimodal size distribution and their self-assembly in the solid state. J. Mater. Chem. 13, 1090 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Schimpf, S., Lucas, M., Mohr, C., Rodemerck, U., Brückner, A., Radnik, J., Hofmeister, H. and Claus, P.: Supported gold nanoparticles: In-depth catalyst characterization and application in hydrogenation and oxidation reactions. Catal. Today 72, 63 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Han, L., Wu, W., Kirk, F.L., Luo, J., Maye, M.M., Kariuki, N.N., Lin, Y., Wang, C-M. and Zhong, C-J.: A direct route toward assembly of nanoparticle-carbon nanotube composite materials. Langmuir 20, 6019 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Wang, J., Zhu, T., Song, J. and Liu, Z.: Gold nanoparticulate film bound to silicon surface with self-assebled monolayers. Thin Solid Films 327–329, 591 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Gutiérrez-Wing, C., Ascencio, J.A., Perez-Alvarez, M., Marin-Almazo, M. and Jose-Yacaman, M.: On the structure and formation of self-assembled lattices of gold nanoparticles. J. Cluster Sci. 9, 529 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Pol, V.G., Gedanken, A. and Calderon-Moreno, J.: Deposition of gold nanoparticles on silica spheres: A sonochemical approach. Chem. Mater. 15, 1111 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Ma, X., Lun, N. and Wen, S.: Formation of gold nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes by using an electroless plating method. Diamond Relat. Mater. 14, 68 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Guczi, L., Petö, G., Beck, A., Frey, K., Geszti, O., Molnár, G. and Daróczi, C.: Gold nanoparticles deposited on SiO2/Si(100): Correlation between size, electron structure, and activity in CO oxidation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 4332 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Ivanova, S., Petit, C. and Pitchon, V.: A new preparation method for the formation of gold nanoparticles on an oxide support. Appl. Catal., A: General 267, 191 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Magnusson, M.H., Deppert, K., Malm, J-O., Bovin, J-O. and Samuelson, L.: Gold nanoparticles: Production, reshaping, and thermal charging. J. Nanoparticle Res. 1, 243 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Okumura, M., Nakamura, S., Tsubota, S., Nakamura, T., Azuma, M. and Haruta, M.: Chemical vapor deposition of gold on Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 for the oxidation of CO and of H2. Catal. Lett. 51, 53 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Hostetler, M.J., Wingate, J.E., Zhong, C-J., Harris, J.E., Vachet, R.W., Clark, M.R., Londono, J.D., Green, S.J., Stokes, J.J., Wignall, G.D., Glish, G.L., Porter, M.D., Evans, N.D. and Murray, R.W.: Alkanethiolate gold cluster molecules with core diameters from 1.5 to 5.2 nm: Core and monolayer properties as a function of core size. Langmuir 14, 17 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Compagnini, G., Scalisi, A.A., Puglisi, O. and Spinella, C.: Synthesis of gold colloids by laser ablation in thiol-alkane solutions. J. Mater. Res. 19, 2795 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Haruta, M.: When gold is not noble: Catalysis by nanoparticles. Chem. Rec. 3, 75 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Zhang, H-F., Wang, C-M., Buck, E.C. and Wang, L-S.: Synthesis, characterization, and manipulation of helical SiO2 nanosprings. Nano Lett. 3, 577 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Barnes, M.C., Kim, D-Y. and Hwanga, N.M.: The mechanism of gold deposition by thermal evaporation. J. Ceram. Proces. Res. 1, 45 (2000).Google Scholar
24Kiely, C.J., Fink, J., Brust, M., Bethell, D. and Schiffrin, D.J.: Spontaneous ordering of bimodal ensembles of nanoscopic gold clusters. Nature 396, 444 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Wynblatt, P. and Gjostein, N.A.: Particle growth in model supported metal catalysts – I. Theory. Acta Metal. 24, 1165 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Wynblatt, P.: Particle growth in model supported metal catalysts – II. Comparison of experiment with theory. Acta Metal. 24, 1175 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Mitchell, C.E.J., Howard, A., Carney, M. and Egdell, R.G.: Direct observation of behaviour of Au nanoclusters on TiO2(110) at elevated temperatures. Surf. Sci. 490, 196 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Buffat, Ph. and Borel, J-P.: Size effect on the melting temperature of gold particles. Phys. Rev. A 13, 2287 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Dick, K., Dhanasekaran, T., Zhang, Z. and Meisel, D.: Size-dependent melting of silica-encapsulated gold nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 2312 (2002).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30Venables, J.A.: Atomic processes in crystal growth. Surf. Sci. 299-300, 798 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Parker, S.C., Grant, A.W., Bondzie, V.A. and Campbell, C.T.: Island growth kinetics during the vapor deposition of gold onto TiO2(110). Surf. Sci. 441, 10 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Raizer, Y.P.: Gas Discharge Physics . (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1991), p. 52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Ohring, M.: Materials Science of Thin Films , 2nd ed. (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2002), p. 296.Google Scholar
34LaLonde, A.D., Norton, M.G., McIlroy, D.N., Zhang, D., Padmanabhan, R., Alkhateeb, A., Han, H., Lane, N. and Holman, Z.: Metal coatings on SiC nanowires by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. J. Mater. Res. 20, 549 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar