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Characterization of carbon aerogels by transport measurements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

A.W.P. Fung ,
Z.H. Wang ,
K. Lu ,
M.S. Dresselhaus  and
R.W. Pekala
A.W.P. Fung
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Z.H. Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
K. Lu
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
M.S. Dresselhaus
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
R.W. Pekala
Affiliation:
Chemistry and Materials Science Department, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550
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Abstract

Carbon aerogels are a special class of low-density microcellular foams. These materials are composed of interconnected carbon particles with diameters of approximately 10 nm. The temperature dependence of the dc electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility (χ) from 4 K to room temperature, magnetoresistance (MR) in a magnetic field up to 15 T, and Raman scattering were measured as a function of aerogel density. While Raman scattering measurements are not sensitive to variations in density, the χ data show that there are more free carriers in samples of higher density. Aerogel samples with different densities all show a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity and a positive MR. The less dense samples exhibit a stronger temperature dependence of resistivity and a stronger field dependence of the MR, indicating that with decreasing density and increasing porosity, charge carriers are more localized. Data analysis precludes variable-range hopping in favor of nearest-neighbor hopping and fluctuation-induced tunneling as the most likely conduction mechanisms for carbon aerogels.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 8 , Issue 8 , August 1993 , pp. 1875 - 1885
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1993

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