Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T16:08:37.912Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Inter-organizational relationships and firm performance: A study of the US equity underwriting market in the investment banking industry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2015

Yi-Ju Lo*
Affiliation:
College of Management, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
Tung Min Hung
Affiliation:
The Department of Management and Global Business, Rutgers Business School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

The debate on how firms govern their inter-organizational relationships to foster their business performance is far from being settled. While several arguments suggest both transactional and relational mechanisms may act as complementary or substitutive forces, this paper explores and demonstrates how both mechanisms can be jointly exploited to enhance performance. Adopting the context of the US equity underwriting market, this paper reveals that an issuer adopting a transactional governance mechanism to manage its inter-organizational relationships with underwriters obtains a lower cost offering (cost performance) but may not entail price premium (price performance) of that offering. In contrast, an issuer taking a relational governance mechanism has superior price performance but worse cost performance. Nevertheless, this paper uncovers that an issuer adopting a synthesized mechanism obtains better cost performance and price performance by leveraging the advantages from both of the transactional and relational mechanisms.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahuja, G., Polidoro, F., & Mitchell, W. (2009). Structural homophily or social asymmetry? The formation of alliances by poorly embedded firms. Strategic Management Journal, 30(9), 941958.Google Scholar
Alvarez, S. A., & Barney, J. B. (2001). How entrepreneurial firms can benefit from alliances with large partners. Academy of Management Executive, 15(1), 139148.Google Scholar
Anderson, E., & Jap, S. D. (2005). The dark side of close relationships. Sloan Management Review, 46(3), 7582.Google Scholar
Ang, J. S., & Zhang, S. (2006). Underwriting relationships: Information production costs, underwriting fees, and first mover advantage. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 27(2), 205229.Google Scholar
Arranz, N., & Fdez de Arroyabe, J. C. (2012). Effect of formal contracts, relational norms and trust on performance of joint research and development projects. British Journal of Management, 23(4), 575588.Google Scholar
Baum, J. A. C., McEvily, B., & Rowley, T. J. (2012). Better with age? Tie longevity and the performance implications of bridging and closure. Organization Science, 23(2), 529546.Google Scholar
Baum, J. A. C., Rowley, T. J., Shipilov, A. V., & Chuang, Y.-T. (2005). Dancing with strangers: Aspiration performance and the search for underwriting syndicate partners. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(4), 536575.Google Scholar
Brandenburger, A., & Nalebuff, B. (1996). Co-opetition. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Burch, T. R., Nanda, V., & Warther, V. (2005). Does it pay to be loyal? An empirical analysis of underwriting relationships and fees. Journal of Financial Economics, 77(3), 673699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, S., Singh, H., & Lee, K. (2000). Complementarity, status similarity and social capital as drivers of alliance formation. Strategic Management Journal, 21(1), 122.3.0.CO;2-P>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coase, R. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica, 4(16), 386405.Google Scholar
Coombs, J. E., Bierly, P. E., & Gallagher, S. (2012). The impact of different forms of IPO firm legitimacy on the choice of alliance governance structure. Journal of Management & Organization, 18(4), 516536.Google Scholar
Corwin, S. A., & Schultz, P. (2005). The role of IPO underwriting syndicates: Pricing, information production, and underwriter competition. Journal of Finance, 60(1), 443486.Google Scholar
Cousins, P. D., & Lawson, B. (2007). Sourcing strategy, supplier relationships and firm performance: An empirical investigation of UK organizations. British Journal of Management, 18(2), 123137.Google Scholar
Doz, Y. L. (1988). Technology partnerships between larger and smaller firms: Some critical issues. International Studies of Management & Organization, 17(4), 3157.Google Scholar
Dussauge, P., Garrette, B., & Mitchell, W. (2004). Asymmetric performance: The market share impact of scale and link alliances in the global auto industry. Strategic Management Journal, 25(7), 701711.Google Scholar
Dyer, J. H., & Chu, W. (2003). The role of trustworthiness in reducing transaction costs and improving performance: Empirical evidence from the United States, Japan, and Korea. Organization Science, 14(1), 5768.Google Scholar
Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660679.Google Scholar
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Schoonhoven, C. B. (1996). Resource-based view of strategic alliance formation: Strategic and social effects in entrepreneurial firms. Organization Science, 7(2), 136150.Google Scholar
Ellis, K., Michaely, R., & O’Hara, M. (2011). Competition in investment banking. Review of Development Finance, 1(1), 2846.Google Scholar
Fernando, C. S., Gatchev, V. A., & Spindt, P. A. (2005). Wanna dance? How firms and underwriters choose each other. Journal of Finance, 60(5), 24372469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Francis, B. B., Hasan, I., & Sun, X. (2014). Does relationship matter? The choice of financial advisors. Journal of Economics and Business, 73, 2247.Google Scholar
Fung, S. Y. K., Gul, F. A., & Radhakrishnan, S. (2014). Investment banks’ entry into new IPO markets and IPO underpricing. Management Science, 60(5), 12971316.Google Scholar
Galvin, P. (2014). A new vision for the Journal of Management & Organization: The role of context. Journal of Management & Organization, 20(1), 15.Google Scholar
Goerzen, A. (2007). Alliance networks and firm performance: The impact of repeated partnerships. Strategic Management Journal, 28(5), 487509.Google Scholar
Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481510.Google Scholar
Greene, W. H. (1993). Econometric analysis (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Guinot, J., Chiva, R., & Mallén, F. (2013). Organizational trust and performance: Is organizational learning capability a missing link? Journal of Management & Organization, 19(5), 559582.Google Scholar
Gulati, R. (1995a). Does familiarity breed trust? The implications of repeated ties for contractual choice in alliances. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 85112.Google Scholar
Gulati, R. (1995b). Social structure and alliance formation patterns: A longitudinal analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(4), 619652.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gulati, R., Lavie, D., & Singh, H. (2009). The nature of partnering experience and the gains from alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 30(11), 12131233.Google Scholar
Gulati, R., & Singh, H. (1998). The architecture of cooperation: Managing coordination costs and appropriation concerns in strategic alliances. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43(4), 781814.Google Scholar
Hamel, G., Doz, Y. L., & Prahalad, C. K. (1989). Collaborate with your competitors and win. Harvard Business Review, 67(1), 133139.Google Scholar
Hayward, M. L. A. (2003). Professional influence: The effects of investment banks on clients’ acquisition financing and performance. Strategic Management Journal, 24(9), 783801.Google Scholar
Huang, R., & Zhang, D. (2011). Managing underwriters and the marketing of seasoned equity offerings. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 46(1), 141170.Google Scholar
James, C. (1992). Relationship-specific assets and the pricing of underwriter services. Journal of Finance, 47(5), 18651885.Google Scholar
Jenkinson, T., & Jones, H. (2009). Competitive IPOs. European Financial Management, 15(4), 733756.Google Scholar
Jeon, J. Q., & Ligon, J. A. (2011). The role of co-managers in reducing flotation costs: Evidence from seasoned equity offerings. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(5), 10411056.Google Scholar
Judge, W. Q., & Dooley, R. (2006). Strategic alliance outcomes: A transaction-cost economics perspective. British Journal of Management, 17(1), 2337.Google Scholar
Karpavicius, S., & Suchard, J. (2009). Why do firms switch underwriters? Evidence from SEOs. Sydney: University of New South Wales.Google Scholar
Kim, H., & Choi, S. (2014). Corporate performance drivers in vertical downstream alliance portfolios: The Korean defense industry. Journal of Management & Organization, 20(2), 148164.Google Scholar
King, G., & Zeng, L. (2001). Logistic regression in rare events data. Political Analysis, 9(2), 137163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogut, B. (1988). Joint ventures: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 9(4), 319332.Google Scholar
Krigman, L., Shaw, W. H., & Womack, K. L. (2001). Why do firms switch underwriters? Journal of Financial Economics, 60(2–3), 245284.Google Scholar
Lazzarini, S. G., Miller, G. J., & Zenger, T. R. (2008). Dealing with the paradox of embeddedness: The role of contracts and trust in facilitating movement out of committed relationship. Organization Science, 19(5), 709728.Google Scholar
Lee, C., Jeon, J. Q., & Kim, B. J. (2011). Reciprocity in syndicate participation and issuer’s welfare: Evidence from initial public offerings. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 40(1), 138198.Google Scholar
Lee, J. J. (2013). Dancing with the enemy? Relational hazards and the contingent value of repeat exchanges in M&A markets. Organization Science, 24(4), 12371256.Google Scholar
Li, D., Eden, L., Hitt, M. A., & Ireland, R. D. (2008). Friends, acquaintances, or strangers? Partner selection in R&D alliances. Academy of Management Journal, 51(2), 315334.Google Scholar
Li, S. X., & Rowley, T. J. (2002). Inertia and evaluation mechanisms in interorganizational partner selection: Syndicate formation among U.S. investment banks. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 11041119.Google Scholar
Lin, Z., Yang, H., & Arya, B. (2009). Alliance partners and firm performance: Resource complementarity and status association. Strategic Management Journal, 30(9), 921940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y., Luo, Y., & Liu, T. (2009). Governing buyer–supplier relationships through transactional and relational mechanism: Evidence from China. Journal of Operations Management, 27(4), 294309.Google Scholar
Ljungqvist, A., Marston, F., & Wilhelm, W. J. (2009). Scaling the hierarchy: How and why investment banks compete for syndicate co-management appointments. The Review of Financial Studies, 22(10), 39774007.Google Scholar
Loughran, T., & Ritter, J. (2004). Why has IPO underpricing changed over time? Financial Management, 33(3), 537.Google Scholar
Lumineau, F., & Quélin, B. V. (2012). An empirical investigation of interorganizational opportunism and contracting mechanisms. Strategic Organization, 10(1), 5584.Google Scholar
Madhavan, R., Gnyawali, D. R., & He, J. (2004). Two’s company, three’s a crowd? Triads in cooperative-competitive networks. Academy of Management Journal, 47(6), 918927.Google Scholar
O’brien, R. (2007). A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality and Quantity, 41(5), 673690.Google Scholar
Oxley, J. E. (1997). Appropriability hazards and governance in strategic alliances: A transaction cost approach. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 13(2), 387409.Google Scholar
Podolny, J. M. (1993). A status-based model of market competition. American Journal of Sociology, 98(4), 829872.Google Scholar
Podolny, J. M. (1994). Market uncertainty and the social character of economic exchange. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(3), 458483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollock, T. G. (2004). The benefits and costs of underwriters' social capital in the US initial public offerings market. Strategic Organization, 2(4), 357388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poppo, L., & Zenger, T. (2002). Do formal contracts and relational governance function as substitutes or complements. Strategic Management Journal, 23(8), 707725.Google Scholar
Poppo, L., Zhou, K. Z., & Ryu, S. (2008). Alternative origins to interorganizational trust: An interdependence perspective on the shadow of the past and the shadow of the future. Organization Science, 19(1), 3955.Google Scholar
Powell, W. W. (1990). Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organization. Research in Organizational Behavior, 12, 295336.Google Scholar
Rice, J., Liao, T.-S., Martin, N., & Galvin, P. (2012). The role of strategic alliances in complementing firm capabilities. Journal of Management & Organization, 18(6), 858869.Google Scholar
Ring, P. S., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1994). Developmental processes of co-operative interorganizational relationships. Academy of Management Review, 19(1), 90118.Google Scholar
Rowley, T. J., & Baum, J. A. C. (2004). Sophistication of interfirm network strategies in the Canadian investment banking industry. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 20(1–2), 103124.Google Scholar
Rowley, T. J., Baum, J. A. C., Shipilov, A. V., Greve, H. R., & Rao, H. (2004). Competing in groups. Managerial and Decision Economics, 25(6–7), 453471.Google Scholar
Ryall, M. D., & Sampson, R. C. (2009). Formal contracts in the presence of relational enforcement mechanisms: Evidence from technology development projects. Management Science, 55(6), 906925.Google Scholar
Saleh, M. A., & Ali, M. Y. (2009). Determinants of importer commitment in international exchange: An agenda for future research. Journal of Management & Organization, 15(2), 186205.Google Scholar
Schilke, O., & Cook, K. S. (2013). A cross-level process theory of trust development in interorganizational relationships. Strategic Organization, 11(3), 281303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shipilov, A. V., & Li, S. X. (2012). The missing link: The effect of customers on the formation of relationships among producers in the multiplex triads. Organization Science, 23(2), 472491.Google Scholar
Song, W.-L. (2004). Competition and coalition among underwriters: The decision to join a syndicate. Journal of Finance, 59(5), 24212444.Google Scholar
Stuart, T. E., Hoang, H., & Hybels, R. C. (1999). Interorganizational endorsements and the performance of entrepreneurial ventures. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 315349.Google Scholar
Suseno, Y., & Ratten, V. (2007). A theoretical framework of alliance performance: The role of trust, social capital and knowledge development. Journal of Management & Organization, 13(1), 423.Google Scholar
Sánchez, J. M., Vélez, M. L., & Álvarez-Dardet, C. (2013). Evolving functions of interorganizational governance mechanisms. Managerial and Decision Economics, 34(3–5), 301318.Google Scholar
Uzzi, B. (1997). Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 3567.Google Scholar
Uzzi, B., & Lancaster, R. (2003). Relational embeddedness and learning: The case of bank loan managers and their clients. Management Science, 49(4), 383399.Google Scholar
Walker, G., Kogut, B., & Shan, W. (1997). Social capital, structural holes and the formation of an industry network. Organization Science, 8(2), 109125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walter, A., Ritter, T., & Gemünden, H. G. (2001). Value creation in buyer-seller relationships: Theoretical considerations and empirical results from a supplier's perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 30(4), 365377.Google Scholar
Williamson, J. P. (1988). The investment banking handbook. New York: Wiley, John and Sons, incorporated.Google Scholar
Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and hierarchies: Analysis and antitrust implications. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Williamson, O. E. (1979). Transaction-cost economics: The governance of contractual relations. Journal of Law and Economics, 22(2), 233261.Google Scholar
Williamson, O. E. (1985). The economic institutions of capitalism. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Williamson, O. E. (2002). The theory of the firm as governance structure: From choice to contract. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(3), 171196.Google Scholar
Wuyts, S., & Geyskens, I. (2005). The formation of buyer–supplier relationships: Detailed contract drafting and close partner selection. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 103117.Google Scholar
Zollo, M., Reuer, J. J., & Singh, H. (2002). Interorganizational routines and performance in strategic alliances. Organization Science, 13(6), 701713.Google Scholar