Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:05:16.043Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Developing shared leadership in a public organisation: Processes, paradoxes and consequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Katie Zeier
Affiliation:
School of Management, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Geoff Plimmer*
Affiliation:
School of Management, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Esme Franken
Affiliation:
School of Management, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Much organisational decision-making is embedded in hierarchical structures and leadership, even though hierarchies are limited in how they deal with increasingly complex issues. This paper explores links between identity formation, and the subsequent development of shared leadership. It explores how a programme to develop shared leadership changed a public science organisation, from one dependent on hierarchical leadership, to one that also used shared leadership to better address the complex public context. Using Day and Harrison’s levels of leadership identity framework, this study first examines the processes of a development programme at individual, relational, and collective levels. Results reveal cascading growth in leadership identities through processes such as job crafting and contagion. Despite the resulting positive processes, inherent paradoxes of power, goals, and attitude underlying shared leadership development are also identified. Within these paradoxes, tensions between vertical hierarchy versus dispersed networks, task performance versus job crafting, fatigue versus revitalisation, and cynicism versus evangelism were found.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahn, M. J., Adamson, J. S., & Dornbusch, D. (2004). From leaders to leadership: Managing change. Journal of Leadership & Organisational Studies, 10(4), 112123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benington, J., & Moore, M. H. (2010). Public value in complex and changing times. In J. Benington & M. H. Moore (Eds.), Public Value: Theory and Practice (pp. 120). Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.Google Scholar
Binci, D., Cerruti, C., & Braganza, A. (2016). Do vertical and shared leadership need each other in change management? Leadership & Organisation Development Journal, 37(5), 558578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bligh, M. C., Pearce, C. L., & Kohles, J. C. (2006). The importance of self-and shared leadership in team based knowledge work: A meso-level model of leadership dynamics. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(4), 296318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolden, R. (2011). Distributed leadership in organisations: A review of theory and research. International Journal of Management Review, 13, 251269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolino, M. C., Klotz, A. C., Turnley, W. H., & Harvey, J. (2013). Exploring the dark side of organisational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organisational Behavior, 34, 542559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brickson, S. (2000). The impact of identity orientation on individual and organisational outcomes in demographically diverse settings. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 82101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, J., McCluskey, S., Turley, E., & King, N. (2015). The utility of template analysis in qualitative psychology research. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 12(2), 202222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brungardt, C. (1997). The making of leaders: A review of the research in leadership development and education. Journal of Leadership & Organisational Studies, 3(3), 8195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burke, C. S., Fiore, S. M., & Salas, E. (2003). The role of shared cognition in enabling shared leadership and team adaptability. In C. Pearce, & J. Conger (Eds.), Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 103123). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carson, J. B., Tesluk, P. E., & Marrone, J. A. (2007). Shared leadership in teams: An investigation of antecedent conditions and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), 12171234.Google Scholar
Chami-Malaeb, R., & Garavan, T. (2013). Talent and leadership development practices as drivers of intention to stay in Lebanese organisations: The mediating role of affective commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(21), 40464062.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, J. F., Pearce, C. L., & Perry, M. L. (2003). Toward a model of shared leadership and distributed influence in the innovation process: How shared leadership can enhance new product development team dynamics and effectiveness. In C. Pearce, & J. Conger (Eds.), Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 4876). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosby, B. C., & Bryson, J. M. (2005). Leadership for the common good: Tackling public problems in a shared-power world. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Currie, G., Grubnic, S., & Hodges, R. (2011). Leadership in public services networks: Antecedents, process and outcome. Public Administration, 89(2), 242264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Innocenzo, L., Mathieu, J. E., & Kukenberger, M. R. (2016). A meta-analysis of different forms of shared leadership–team performance relations. Journal of Management, 42(7), 19641991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dachler, H. P. (1984). On refocusing leadership from a social systems perspective of management. In J. Hunt, D. Hosking & C. A. Schriesheim (Eds.), Leaders and Managers (pp. 100108). Oxford: Pergamon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalakoura, A. (2010). Differentiating leader and leadership development: A collective framework for leadership development. Journal of Management Development, 29(5), 432441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, D. V., & Harrison, M. M. (2007). A multilevel, identity-based approach to leadership development. Human Resource Management Review, 17(4), 360373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., & McKee, R. A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25 years of research and theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 6382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denhardt, J. V., & Denhardt, R. B. (2007). The new public service: Serving, not steering. New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
DeRue, D. S., & Ashford, S. J. (2010). Who will lead and who will follow? A social process of leadership identity construction in organisations. Academy of Management Review, 35(4), 627647.Google Scholar
DeRue, D. S., Ashford, S. J., & Cotton, N. C. (2009). Assuming the mantle: Unpacking the process by which individuals internalize a leader identity. In L. Roberts, & J. Dutton (Eds.), Exploring positive identities and organisations: Building a theoretical and research foundation (pp. 217236). New York, NY: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 3662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ensley, M. D., Hmieleski, K. M., & Pearce, C. L. (2006). The importance of vertical and shared leadership within new venture top management teams: Implications for the performance of startups. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(3), 217231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzsimons, D., James, K. T., & Denyer, D. (2011). Alternative approaches for studying shared and distributed leadership. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(3), 313328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, J. K., & Kaufer, K. (2003). Shared leadership. In C. Pearce, & J. Conger (Eds.), Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 2147). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galli, E. B., & Müller-Stewens, G. (2012). How to build social capital with leadership development: Lessons from an explorative case study of a multibusiness firm. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(1), 176201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: Notes on the Gioia methodology. Organisational Research Methods, 16(1), 1531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, C. N. (1975). The reciprocal nature of influence between leader and subordinate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(4), 423451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, V., & Singh, S. (2015). Leadership and creative performance behaviors in R&D laboratories: Examining the mediating role of justice perceptions. Journal of Leadership & Organisational Studies, 22(1), 2136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, A. (2009). Distributed leadership: What we know. In A. Harris (Ed.), Distributed leadership: Different Perspectives (pp. 1121). London, UK: Springer Science and Business Media.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Head, B. W., & Alford, J. (2015). Wicked problems: Implications for public policy and management. Administration & Society, 47(6), 711739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoch, J. E., & Kozlowski, S. W. (2014). Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(3), 390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houghton, J. D., Neck, C. P., & Manz, C. C. (2003). Self-leadership and superleadership. In C. Pearce, & J. Conger (Eds.), Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 123140). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howieson, B., & Hodges, J. (2014). Public and third sector leadership: Experience speaks. Bingley, GB: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Ingraham, P. W., & Getha-Taylor, H. (2004). Leadership in the public sector: Models and assumptions for leadership development in the federal government. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 24(2), 95112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, S. (2000). A qualitative evaluation of shared leadership barriers, drivers and recommendations. Journal of Management in Medicine, 14(3/4), 166178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jing, F. (2018). Leadership paradigms and performance in small service firms. Journal of Management & Organisation, 24(3), 339358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kee, J. E., & Newcomer, K. E. (2008). Why do change efforts fail? Public Manager, 37(3), 5.Google Scholar
Kempster, S. (2006). Leadership learning through lived experience: A process of apprenticeship?. Journal of Management & Organisation, 12(1), 422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khoreva, V. (2016). Leadership development practices as drivers of employee attitudes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(2), 537551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkpatrick, D. L. (1975). Evaluating training programs. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.Google Scholar
Komives, S. R., Owen, J. E., Longerbeam, S. D., Mainella, F. C., & Osteen, L. (2005). Developing a leadership identity: A grounded theory. Journal of College Student Development, 46(6), 593611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Moore, M. H. (1995). Creating public value: Strategic management in government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Nicolaides, V. C., LaPort, K. A., Chen, T. R., Tomassetti, A. J., Weis, E. J., Zaccaro, S. J., & Cortina, J. M. (2014). The shared leadership of teams: A meta-analysis of proximal, distal, and moderating relationships. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(5), 923942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Flynn, J. (2007). From new public management to public value: Paradigmatic change and managerial implications. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 66(3), 353366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ospina, S. M. (2017). Collective leadership and context in public administration: Bridging public leadership research and leadership studies. Public Administration Review, 77(2), 275287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, C. L. (2004). The future of leadership: Combining vertical and shared leadership to transform knowledge work. The Academy of Management Executive, 18(1), 4757.Google Scholar
Pearce, C. L., & Conger, J. A. (2003). All those years ago. In C. Pearce, & J. Conger (Eds.), Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 118). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Pearce, C. L., Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P Jr. (2009). Where do we go from here: Is shared leadership the key to team success?. Organisational Dynamics, 38(3), 234238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, J. L., Hondeghem, A., & Wise, L. R. (2010). Revisiting the motivational bases of public service: Twenty years of research and an agenda for the future. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 681690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, M. L., Pearce, C. L., & Sims, H. P. Jr. (1999). Empowered selling teams: How shared leadership can contribute to selling team outcomes. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 19(3), 3551.Google Scholar
Plimmer, G., Bryson, J., & Teo, S. (2017). Opening the black box: The mediating roles of organisational systems and ambidexterity in the HRM-performance link in public sector organisations. Personnel Review, 46(7), 14341451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Psytech International (2002). 15FQ+ fifteen factor questionnaire technical manual.Google Scholar
Raelin, J. (2006). Does action learning promote collaborative leadership? Academy of Management Learning and Education, 5(2), 152168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramthun, A. J., & Matkin, G. S. (2012). Multicultural shared leadership: A conceptual model of shared leadership in culturally diverse teams. Journal of Leadership & Organisational Studies, 19(3), 303314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rigg, C. (2006). Developing public service leadership: The context for action learning. In C. Rigg, & S. Richards (Eds.), Action learning, leadership and organisational development in public services. Abingdon, England: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seers, A., Keller, T., & Wilkerson, J. M. (2003). Can team members share leadership. In C. Pearce, & J. Conger (Eds.), Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership (pp. 77102). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, W. K., & Lewis, M. W. (2011). Toward a theory of paradox: A dynamic equilibrium model of organizing. Academy of Management Review, 36, 381403.Google Scholar
Smith, W. K., Besharov, M. L., Wessels, A. K., & Chertok, M. (2012). A paradoxical leadership model for social entrepreneurs: Challenges, leadership skills, and pedagogical tools for managing social and commercial demands. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 11(3), 463478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solansky, S. T. (2008). Leadership style and team processes in self-managed teams. Journal of Leadership & Organisational Studies, 14(4), 332341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Knippenberg, D. (2011). Embodying who we are: Leader group prototypicality and leadership effectiveness. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 10781091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Knippenberg, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2003). A social identity model of leadership effectiveness in organisations. Research in Organisational Behavior, 25, 243295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vignoles, V. L., Regalia, C., Manzi, C., Golledge, J., & Scabini, E. (2006). Beyond self-esteem: Influence of multiple motives on identity construction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(2), 308333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vogel, R., & Masal, D. (2015). Public leadership: A review of the literature and framework for future research. Public Management Review, 17, 11651189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, D., Waldman, D. A., & Zhang, Z. (2014). A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(2), 181198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed