Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T18:08:16.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effects of exposure to unethical practices on the personal attitudes of accountants in small accounting firms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2015

Soheila Mirshekary*
Affiliation:
Deakin Graduate School of Business, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Rodney Carr
Affiliation:
Deakin Graduate School of Business, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

We investigate how exposure to unethical practices affects the personal attitude of accountants in small accounting firms towards unethical behaviours. This is an important topic for business because accountants in small accounting firms are in a position to influence the behaviour of the large number of businesses they serve. The main independent variable is a measure of exposure to a variety of different types of unethical practices. A regression involving the exposure variable onto personal attitude is carried out using data from owners/managers of small accounting firms in Australia. Findings confirm a negative relationship between the amount of exposure and personal attitude towards questionable practices: increased exposure to questionable ethical behaviour is related to an increase in the level of acceptance of unethical behaviour. While such a finding is not unexpected, it suggests that other strategies need to be pursued to encourage ethical behaviour.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control from cognition to behavior (pp. 1139). New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Andreoli, N., & Lefkowitz, J. (2009). Individual and organizational antecedents of misconduct in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 85, 309332.Google Scholar
Ashkanasy, N. M., Falkus, S., & Callan, V. J. (2000). Predictors of ethical code use and ethical tolerance in the public sector. Journal of Business Ethics, 25, 237253.Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics (2003). Accounting Practices 2001–02. Retrieved from http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/8F59B8C1CED4C4FDCA256D3300821991/$File/86680_2001-02.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ball, I. (2009). Accountants to influence small business lending. Retrieved from http://www.accountingweb.co.uk/topic/financial-reporting/accountants-influence-small-business-lendingGoogle Scholar
Brown, R. E. (2005). Enron/Andersen: Crisis in U.S. accounting and lessons for government. Public Budgeting and Finance, 25(3), 2032.Google Scholar
Carr, R., Cooper, B., Ferguson, C., Hellier, P., Jackling, B., & Wines, G. (2010). Public accounting firm services in rural and regional Australia: Research monograph no. 1: Practitioner views, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC. Retrieved from http://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/cps/rde/xchg/cpa-site/hs.xsl/knowledge-practice-policy-accounting-services-research.htmlGoogle Scholar
Clark, F., Dean, G., & Oliver, K. (2003). Corporate collapse: Accounting regulatory and ethical failure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dewing, I. P., & Russell, O. (2003). Post-Enron developments in UK audit and corporate governance regulation. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 11(4), 309322.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147160.Google Scholar
Ede, F. O., Panigrahi, B., Stuart, J., & Calcich, S. (2000). Ethics in small minority businesses. Journal of Business Ethics, 26, 133146.Google Scholar
Elias, R. Z. (2002). Determinants of earnings management ethics among accountants. Journal of Business Ethics, 40, 3345.Google Scholar
Gigerenzer, G. (2010). Moral satisficing: Rethinking moral behavior as bounded rationality. Topics in Cognitive Science, 2(3), 528554.Google Scholar
Gino, F., Ayal, S., & Ariely, D. (2009). Contagion and differentiation in unethical behavior: The effect of one bad apple on the barrel. Psychological Science, 20(3), 393398.Google Scholar
Hammann, E., Habisch, A., & Pechlaner, H. (2009). Values that create value: Socially responsible business practices in SMEs – Empirical evidence from German companies. Business Ethics: A European Review, 18(1), 3751.Google Scholar
Hechter, M., & Opp, K. D. (Eds.) (2001). Social norms. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F., Naffziger, D. W., LaFollette, W. R., & Hodgetts, R. M. (1994). The ethical perceptions of small business owners: A factor analytic study. Journal of Small Business Management, 32(4), 916.Google Scholar
Liyanarachchi, G. A., & Adler, R. (2011). Accountants’ whistle-blowing intentions: The impact of retaliation, age, and gender. Australian Accounting Review, 57(21), 167182.Google Scholar
Longenecker, J. G, McKinney, J. A., & Moore, C. W. (1989). Ethics in small business. Journal of Small Business Management, 27(1), 2731.Google Scholar
Longenecker, J. G., Moore, C. W., Petty, W., Palich, L. E., & McKinney, J. A. (2006). Ethical attitudes in small businesses and large corporations: Theory and empirical findings from a tracking study spanning three decades. Journal of Small Business Management, 44(2), 167183.Google Scholar
Palazzo, G., Krings, F., & Hoffrage, U. (2012). Ethical blindness. Journal of Business Ethics, 109, 323338.Google Scholar
Pierce, A. (2007). Ethics and the professional accounting firm: A literature review. Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland. Retrieved from http://icas.org.uk/home/technical-and-research/research-centre/research-publications/ethics-and-the-professional-accounting-firm--a-literature-review---executive-summaryGoogle Scholar
Reinstein, A., & McMillan, J. J. (2004). The enron debacle: More than a perfect storm. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 15(5/6), 955970.Google Scholar
Schminke, M., Arnaud, A., & Kuenzi, M. (2007). The power of ethical work climates. Organizational Dynamics, 36(2), 171186.Google Scholar
Serwinek, P. J. (1992). Demographic and related differences in ethical views among small businesses. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 555566.Google Scholar
Wu, C. F. (2002). The relationship of ethical decision-making to business ethics and performance in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 35, 163176.Google Scholar
Young, J. J. (2005). Changing our questions: Reflections on the corporate scandals. Accounting and the Public Interest, 5, 113.Google Scholar