Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-17T09:22:45.510Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Does group cohesion moderate associations between attachment, caregiving, and OCB?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2019

Abira Reizer Open the ORCID record for Abira Reizer [Opens in a new window] ,
Lior Oren  and
Yonadav Hornik
Abira Reizer*
Affiliation:
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 44837, Israel
Lior Oren
Affiliation:
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 44837, Israel
Yonadav Hornik
Affiliation:
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 44837, Israel
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This research focused on the role of group cohesion as moderating the psychological manifestations of attachment and caregiving in performing organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Data were collected from 147 employees, who took part in a 9-week training course. Participants completed questionnaires assessing their attachment and caregiving dimensions as well as group cohesion. Participant OCB levels were assessed by their trainers at the end of the course. Anxious individuals tended to express higher levels of OCB-individual under high levels of group cohesion. However, compulsive caregivers tended to perform OCBI under low levels of group cohesion. The results highlight the contribution of Bowlby's relational perspective in work settings and the importance of contextual factors in predicting OCB.

Keywords

group dynamicsorganizational citizenship behaviorpersonalityrelational modelsemployee relations
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Management & Organization , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , July 2022 , pp. 715 - 732
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albert, L. S., Allen, D. G., Biggane, J. E., & Ma, Q. K. (2015). Attachment and responses to employment dissolution. Human Resource Management Review, 25(1), 94–106. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2014.06.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banki, S. (2010). Is a good deed constructive regardless of intent? Organization citizenship behavior, motive, and group outcomes. Small Group Research, 41(3), 354–375. doi:10.1177/1046496410364065CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blustein, D. L. (2011). A relational theory of working. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 1–17. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.10.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolino, M. C., & Grant, A. M. (2016). The bright side of being prosocial at work, and the dark side, too: A review and agenda for research on other-oriented motives, behavior, and impact in organizations. Academy of Management Annals, 10, 599–670. doi:10.5465/19416520.2016.1153260CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss, Vol 1, attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In Simpson, J. A. & Rholes, W. S. (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46–76). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Chen, C. V., Tang, Y. Y., & Wang, S. J. (2009). Interdependence and organizational citizenship behavior: Exploring the mediating effect of group cohesion in multilevel analysis. The Journal of Psychology, 143, 625–640. doi:10.1080/00223980903218273CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiaburu, D. S., Oh, I. S., Berry, C. M., Li, N., & Gardner, R. G. (2011). The five-factor model of personality traits and organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 1140–1166. doi:10.1037/a0024004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, N. L., & Ford, M. B. (2010). Responding to the needs of others: The caregiving behavioral system in intimate relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27, 235–244. doi:10.1177/0265407509360907CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawshaw, J. R., & Game, A. (2015). The role of line managers in employee career management: An attachment theory perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26, 1182–1203. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.934886CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ein-Dor, T., Coan, J. A., Reizer, A., Gross, E. B., Dahan, D., Wegener, M. A.,… Carel, R., CloningerC., R. C., R., & Zohar, A. H. (2015). Sugarcoated isolation: Evidence that social avoidance is linked to higher basal glucose levels and higher consumption of glucose. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00492CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ein-Dor, T., & Hirschberger, G. (2016). Rethinking attachment theory from a theory of relationships to a theory of individual and group survival. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25, 223–227. doi:10.1177/0963721416650684CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, P., Krueger, J. I., Greitemeyer, T., Vogrincic, C., Kastenmüller, A., Frey, D., Heene, M., Wicher, M., Kainbacher, M. (2011). The bystander-effect: A meta-analytic review on bystander intervention in dangerous and non-dangerous emergencies. Psychological Bulletin, 137(4), 517–537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forsyth, D. R. (2018). Group dynamics (7th ed.). New York, NY: Cengage Learning.Google Scholar
George, C., & Solomon, J. (2008). The caregiving system: A behavioral systems approach to parenting. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 833–856). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Grant, A. M. (2009). Putting self-interest out of business? Contributions and unanswered questions from use-inspired research on prosocial motivation. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2, 94–98. doi:10.1111/j.1754-9434.2008.01113.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harms, P. D. (2011). Adult attachment styles in the workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 21, 285–296. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.10.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harms, P. D., Bai, Y., & Han, G. H. (2016). How leader and follower attachment styles are mediated by trust. Human Relations, 69(9), 1853–1876. doi:10.1177/0018726716628968CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Love and work: An attachment theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 270–280. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.270CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmann, D. A., Griffin, M. A., & Gavin, M. B. (2000). The application of hierarchical linear modeling to organizational research. In Klein, K. J. & Kozlowski, S. W. J. (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations: Foundations, extensions, and new directions (pp. 467–511). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Ilies, R., Fulmer, I. S., Spitzmuller, M., & Johnson, M. D. (2009). Personality and citizenship behavior: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 945–959. doi:10.1037/a0013329CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Imer, P. H., Kabasakal, H., & Dastmalchian, A. (2014). Personality and contextual antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior: A study of two occupational groups. Journal of Management & Organization, 20, 441–462. doi:10.1017/jmo.2014.44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogut, T., & Kogut, E. (2013). Exploring the relationship between adult attachment style and the identifiable victim effect in helping behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 651–660. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.02.011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavy, S., Bareli, Y., & Ein-Dor, T. (2015). The effects of attachment heterogeneity and team cohesion on team functioning. Small Group Research, 46, 27–49. doi:10.1177/1046496414553854CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leary, M. R. (2005). Sociometer theory and the pursuit of relational value: Getting to the root of self-esteem. European Review of Social Psychology, 16(1), 75–111. doi:10.1080/10463280540000007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 1–62. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(00)80003-9Google Scholar
Lee, K., & Allen, N. (2002). Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace device: The role of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 131–142. doi:10.1037//0021-9010.87.1.131CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Little, L. M., Nelson, D. L., Wallace, J. C., & Johnson, P. D. (2011). Integrating attachment style, vigor at work, and extra-role performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 464–484. doi:10.1002/job.709CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovell, S. E., Kahn, A. S., Anton, J., Davidson, A., Dowling, E., Post, D., & Mason, C. (1999). Does gender affect the link between organizational citizenship behavior and performance evaluation? Sex Roles, 41, 469–478. doi:10.1023/A:1018883018719CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mach, M., Dolan, S., & Tzafrir, S. (2010). The differential effect of team members' trust on team performance: The mediation role of team cohesion. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 771–794. doi:10.1348/096317909×473903CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathieu, J. E., Hollenbeck, J. R., van Knippenberg, D., & Ilgen, D. R. (2017). A century of work teams in the Journal of Applied Psychology. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102, 452–467. doi:10.1037/apl0000128CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meneghini, A. M., Romaioli, D., Nencini, A., Pagotto, L., Zermiani, F., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Caregiving System Scale in the Italian context. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 74, 129–139. doi:10.1037/t43170-000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2017). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Monin, J. K., Feeney, B. C., & Schulz, R. (2012). Attachment orientations and reaction to anxiety expression in close relationships. Personal Relationships, 19, 535–550. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01376.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2010). Organizational tenure and job performance. Journal of Management, 36, 1220–1250. doi:10.1177/0149206309359809CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA, England: Lexington Books/D. C. Heath and Com.Google Scholar
Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2011). Expanding the criterion domain to include organizational citizenship behavior: Implications for employee selection. In Zedeck, S. (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol. 2., selecting and developing members for the organization (pp. 281–323). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ozer, M., Chang, C. H., & Schaubroeck, J. M. (2014). Contextual moderators of the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviors and challenge and hindrance stress. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87, 557–578. doi:10.1111/joop.12063CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paetzold, R. L. (2015). Attachment theory in organizational settings. In Simpson, J. A. & Rholes, W. S. (Eds.), Attachment theory and research: New directions and emerging themes (pp. 261–286). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 539–569. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preacher, K. P., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interactions in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 31, 437–448. doi:10.3102/10769986031004437CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raudenbush, S.W., Bryk, A.S., Cheong, Y.F., & Congdon, R.T. (2004). HLM 6: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.Google Scholar
Reizer, A. (2015). Influence of employees’ attachment styles on their life satisfaction as mediated by job satisfaction and burnout. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 149, 356–377. doi:10.1080/00223980.2014.881312CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reizer, A., Dahan, D., & Shaver, P. R. (2013). The contributions of attachment and caregiving orientations to living a meaningful life. Psychology, 4, 1039–1045. doi:10.4236/psych.2013.412151CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reizer, A., Ein-Dor, T., & Possick, C. (2012). Living at risk: Dyadic examination of the links among environmental stress, attachment orientations and marital support provision. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29(5), 694–712. doi: 10.1177/0265407512443449CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reizer, A., Ein-Dor, T., & Shaver, P. (2014). The avoidance cocoon: Examining the interplay between attachment and caregiving in predicting relationship satisfaction. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 774–786. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2057CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reizer, A., & Hetsroni, A. (2015). Caregiving representations at work and the moderating role of job self-efficacy. Psychological Reports, 116, 60–73. doi:10.2466/01.pr0.116k12w2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reizer, A., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Assessing individual differences in working models of caregiving. Journal of Individual Differences, 28, 227–239. doi:10.1027/1614-0001.28.4.227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, D. A., & Schat, A. C. (2011). Attachment at (not at) work: Applying attachment theory to explain individual behavior in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 169–182. doi:10.1037/a0020372CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rom, E., & Mikulincer, M. (2003). Attachment theory and group processes: The association between attachment style and group-related representations, goals, memory, and functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1220–1235. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1220CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ronen, S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2017). How does secure attachment affect job performance and job promotion? The role of social-rank behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 137–148. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salas, E., Grossman, R., Hughes, A. M., & Coultas, C. W. (2015). Measuring team cohesion: Observations from the science. Human Factors, 57, 365–374. doi:10.1177/0018720815578267CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schilpzand, P., & Huang, L. (2018). When and how experienced incivility dissuades proactive performance: An integration of sociometer and self-identity orientation perspectives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(8), 828–841. doi:10.1037/apl0000303CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaver, P. R., Mikulincer, M., Gross, J. T., Stern, J. A., & Cassidy, J. (2016). A lifespan perspective on attachment and care for others: Empathy, altruism and prosocial behavior. In Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (pp. 878–916). New York, NY: Gilford Press.Google Scholar
Shaver, P., Mikulincer, M., & Shemesh-Iron, M. (2010). A behavioral systems perspective on prosocial behavior. In Mikulincer, M. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Prosocial motives, emotions and behavior: The better angels of our nature (pp. 73–92). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srikanth, K., Harvey, S., & Peterson, R. (2016). A dynamic perspective on diverse teams: Moving from the dual-process model to a dynamic coordination-based model of diverse team performance. The Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), 453–493. doi:10.5465/19416520.2016.1120973CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Syna Desivilya, H., Sabag, Y., & Ashton, E. (2006). Prosocial tendencies in organizations. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 14(1), 22–42. doi:10.1108/10553180610739731CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, P.-M. M., Glasø, L., & Matthiesen, S. B. (2018). The way I see you. Implicit followership theories explored through the lens of attachment. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 21(2), 85–105. doi:10.1037/mgr0000069CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17, 601–617. doi:10.1177/014920639101700305CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, C. H., & Parker, S. K. (2017). The role of leader support in facilitating proactive work behavior: A perspective from attachment theory. Journal of Management, 43, 1025–1049. doi:10.1177/0149206314544745CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yip, J., Ehrhardt, K., Black, H., & Walker, D. O. (2018). Attachment theory at work: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39, 185–198. doi:10.1002/job.2204CrossRefGoogle Scholar