Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T11:57:17.240Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bridging the research–practice gap: Developing a measurement framework for work–life initiatives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2015

E Anne Bardoel
Affiliation:
Department of Management, Monash University, Caulfield East VIC, Australia
Helen De Cieri
Affiliation:
Department of Management, Monash University, Caulfield East VIC, Australia
Susan Mayson
Affiliation:
Department of Management, Monash University, Caulfield East VIC, Australia

Abstract

Research in human resource management has advocated the development of a systematic process of measurement that enables managers to obtain and evaluate evidence about the performance of work–life initiatives, in both financial and non-financial terms. We apply the resource-based view of the firm, within the context of strategic human resource management literature, and conduct qualitative research in focus groups with human resource professionals and managers from 27 medium to large organisations operating in Australia. Our research explores what organisations are currently measuring with regard to work–life outcomes, how they are measuring it, and what they would like to measure. Integrating the practitioners' perspective with academic literature, we develop a framework of measurement for work–life initiatives.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, SE, Coffey, BS and Byerly, RT (2002) Formal organisational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-family conflict and job related outcomes, Journal of Management 28: 787810.Google Scholar
Arthur, MM and Cook, A (2003) The relationship between work-family human resource practices and firm profitability: A multi-theoretical perspective, Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management 22: 219252.Google Scholar
Bailyn, L, Fletcher, JK and Kolb, D (1997) Unexpected connections: Considering employees' personal lives can revitalize your business, Sloan Management Review 38: 1119.Google Scholar
Bailyn, L and Harrington, M (2004) Redesigning work for work-family integration, Community, Work and Family 7: 197208.Google Scholar
Becker, BE and Gerhart, B (1996) Human resources and organisational performance: Progress and prospects, Academy of Management Journal 39: 779801.Google Scholar
Bird, J (2006) Work-life balance: Doing it right and avoiding the pitfalls, Employment Relations Today 33: 2130.Google Scholar
Boselie, P, Dietz, G and Boon, C (2005) Commonalities and contradictions in research on human resource management and performance, Human Resource Management Journal 15: 6794.Google Scholar
Boudreau, JW (2006) Talentship and HR measurement and analysis: From ROI to strategic organisational change, Human Resource Planning 29: 2533.Google Scholar
Boudreau, JW and Ramstad, PM (2002) Strategic I/O psychology and the role of utility analysis models, in Borman, W, Ilgen, D and Klimoski, R (Eds.) Handbook of Psychology 12: 193221, Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Boudreau, JW and Ramstad, PM (2003) Strategic HRM measurement in the 21st century: From justifying HR to strategic talent leadership, in Goldsmith, M, Gandossy, RP and Efron, MS (Eds.) HRM in the 21st Century, pp. 7990, Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Boudreau, JW and Ramstad, PM (2005) Talentship, talent segmentation, and sustainability: A new HR decision science paradigm for a new strategy definition, Human Resource Management 44: 129136.Google Scholar
Bowes, JM (2005) Emphasising the family in work-family research: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions, in Poelmans, SAY (Ed.), Work and Family: An international research perspective, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah NJ.Google Scholar
Boxall, PMacky, K and Rasmussen, E (2003) Labour turnover and retention in New Zealand: The causes and consequences of leaving and staying with employers, Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 41: 196215.Google Scholar
Boxall, P and Purcell, J (2003) Strategy and Human Resource Management, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.Google Scholar
Brown, A and Kelly, S (2006) Connecting staff research with company success, Strategic HR Review 6: 2427.Google Scholar
Burud, S & Tumolo, M. (2004) Leveraging the New Human Capital: Adaptive strategies, results achieved, and stories of transformation, Davies-Black, Palo Alto CA.Google Scholar
Cascio, WF (2006) The new human capital equation, in Global Economic Solutions: Framing work-life's contribution, 2006 Work–Life Conference, 13-14 06, New York.Google Scholar
Dallimore, EJ and Mickel, AE (2006) Quality of life: Obstacles, advice, and employer assistance, Human Relations 59: 61103.Google Scholar
De Cieri, H, Holmes, B, Abbott, J and Pettit, T (2005) Achievements and challenges for work–life balance strategies in Australian organisations, The International Journal of Human Resource Management 16: 90103.Google Scholar
Denzin, NK and Lincoln, YS (2000) Introduction: the discipline and practice of qualitative research, in Denzin, N K and Lincoln, Y S (Eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research, (2nd edn), pp. 128, Sage, Thousand Oaks CA.Google Scholar
Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (2005) Fact sheets: Evaluating work and family strategies in your workplace, accessed at http://www.workplace.gov.au/workplace/Category/SchemesInitiatives/WorkFamily/Factsheets.htm on 6 November 2006.Google Scholar
Devanna, M, Fombrun, C and Tichy, N (1984) A framework for strategic human resource management, in Fombrun, C, Tichy, N and Devanna, M (Eds) Strategic Human Resource Management, pp. 3351, Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Dex, S and Bond, S (2005) Measuring work-life balance and its covariates, Work, Employment, and Society 19: 627637.Google Scholar
Dychtwald, K, Erickson, TJ and Morison, R (2006) Workforce Crisis: How to beat the coming shortage of skills and talent, Harvard Business School Press, Boston MA.Google Scholar
Flamholtz, E (1985) Human Resource Accounting: Advances in concepts, methods and applications, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco CA.Google Scholar
Fleetwood, S (2007) Why work-life balance now?, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18: 387400.Google Scholar
Forsyth, S and Polzer-Debruyne, A (2007) The organisational pay-offs for perceived work-life balance support, Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 45: 113123.Google Scholar
Glass, J and Finley, A (2002) Coverage and effectiveness of family-responsive workplace policies, Human Resource Management Review 12: 313337.Google Scholar
Grandey, AA, Cordeiro, BA and Crouter, AC (2005) A longitudinal and multi-source test of the work–family conflict and job satisfaction relationship, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 78: 305323.Google Scholar
Guest, D (1987) Human resource management and industrial relations, Journal of Management Studies 24: 503521.Google Scholar
Guest, D, Michie, J, Conway, N and Sheehan, M (2003) Human resource management and corporate performance in the UK, British Journal of Industrial Relations 41: 291314.Google Scholar
Guthrie, JP (2001) High involvement work practices, turnover and productivity: Evidence from New Zealand, Academy of Management Journal 44: 180190.Google Scholar
Haar, J and Spell, CS (2003) Where is the justice? Examining work-family backlash in New Zealand: The potential for employee resentment, New Zealand Journal of Industrial Relations 28: 5974.Google Scholar
Harrington, B and James, JB (2006) The standards for excellence in work-life integration: From changing policies to changing organisations, in Pitt-Catsouphes, M, Kossek, EE & Sweet, S. (Eds) The Work and Family Handbook: Multidisciplinary Perspectives and Approaches pp. 665684, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah NJ.Google Scholar
Hendry, C and Pettigrew, A (1990) Human resource management: An agenda for the 1990s, International Journal of Human Resource Management 1: 1743.Google Scholar
Human Resources (2004) Boards Struggle with Non-Financials, 11 17.Google Scholar
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (2007) It's About Time. Women, men, work and family. Final paper 2007. Sydney, NSW: Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission.Google Scholar
Huselid, MA (1995) The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity and corporate financial performance, Academy of Management Journal 38: 635672.Google Scholar
Kossek, EE and Lambert, SJ (2005) Work and Life Integration: Organizational, cultural and individual perspectives, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah NJ.Google Scholar
Kumar, N, Stern, L and Anderson, JC (1993) Conducting interorganizational research using key informants, Academy of Management Journal 36: 16331651.Google Scholar
Laitinen, EK (2003) Future-based management accounting: A new approach with survey evidence, Critical Perspectives on Accounting 14: 293323.Google Scholar
Lambert, S and Haley-Lock, A (2004) The organisational stratification of opportunities for work–life balance, Community, Work and Family 7: 179195.Google Scholar
Lambert, CH, Kass, SJ, Piotrowski, C and Vodanovich, SJ (2006) Impact factors on work–family balance: initial support for border theory, Organization Development Journal 24: 6475.Google Scholar
Lawler, EE, Levenson, A and Boudreau, JW (2004) HR metrics and analytics: Use and impact, Human Resource Planning 27: 2735.Google Scholar
Lawrence, SA (2006) An integrative model of perceived available support, work–family conflict and support mobilization, Journal of Management and Organization 12: 160178.Google Scholar
Lee, TW, Mitchell, TR and Sablynski, CJ (1999) Qualitative research in organisational and vocational psychology, Journal of Vocational Behavior 55: 161–87.Google Scholar
Lewis, SGambles, R and Rapoport, R (2007) The constraints of a ‘work-life balance’ approach: An international perspective, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18: 360373.Google Scholar
Lewison, J (2006) The work/life balance sheet so far, Journal of Accountancy 202: 4549.Google Scholar
Lobel, S (2003) Measurement of organisational outcomes, In Pitt-Catsouphes, M., Kossek, E. E., and Raskin, P. (Eds.), A Sloan Work and Family Encyclopedia Entry, Sloan Work and Family Research Network, Retrieved April 3, 2007, from http://wfnetwork.bc.edu/encyclopedia_entry.php?id=246&area=academicsGoogle Scholar
Lobel, S and Faught, F (1996) Four methods for proving the value of work/life initiatives, Compensation and Benefits Review 28: 5057.Google Scholar
MacDuffie, JP (1995) Human resource bundles and manufacturing performance: Organizational logic and flexible production systems in the world auto industry, Industrial and Labor Relations Review 48: 197221.Google Scholar
Mahtani, S (2006) Workplace Diversity in Asia: Pressing issues and barriers, accessed at http://www.communitybusiness.org.hk on 6 November 2006.Google Scholar
Masi, DA and Jacobson, JM (2003) Outcome measurements of an integrated employee assistance and work-life program, Research on Social Work Practice 13: 451467.Google Scholar
Michaels, E, Handfield-Jones, H and Axelrod, E (2001) The War for Talent, Harvard Business School Press, Boston MA.Google Scholar
Miles, MB and Huberman, AM (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd edn), Sage, London.Google Scholar
Mohrman, S, Gibson, C and Mohrman, A (2001) Doing research that is useful to practice: a model and empirical exploration, Academy of Management Journal 44: 357375.Google Scholar
Morgan, DL (1993) Successful Focus Groups: Advancing the state of the art, Sage, Newbury Park CA.Google Scholar
Morgan, DL (1996) Focus groups, Annual Review of Sociology 22: 129152.Google Scholar
Morgan, DL (1997) Focus Groups as Qualitative Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks CA.Google Scholar
Pfeffer, J (1997) Pitfalls on the road to measurement: The dangerous liaison of human resources with the ideas of accounting and finance, Human Resource Management 36: 357365.Google Scholar
Pocock, B (2006) The Labour Market ate my Babies: Work, children and a sustainable future, The Federation Press, Sydney NSW.Google Scholar
Poelmans, S, O'Driscoll, M and Beham, B (2005) An overview of international research on the work–family interface, in Poelmans, SAY (Ed.), Work and Family: An international research perspective, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah NJ.Google Scholar
Rapoport, R, Bailyn, L, Fletcher, JK and Pruitt, B (2002) Beyond Work-Family Balance. Advancing gender equity and workplace performance, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco CA.Google Scholar
Rynes, S, Bartunek, J, and Daft, R (2001) Across the great divide: Knowledge creation and transfer between practitioners and academics, Academy of Management Journal 44: 340355.Google Scholar
Rynes, S and Trank, C (1999) Behavioral science in the business school curriculum: Teaching in a changing institutional environment, Academy of Management Review 24: 808824.Google Scholar
Sheehan, C, Holland, P and De Cieri, H (2006) Current developments in HRM in Australian organisations, Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 44: 132152.Google Scholar
Silverman, D (2001) Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for analysing talk, text and interaction (2nd edn) Sage, London.Google Scholar
Soon, A, Quazi, HA, Tay, C and Kelly, K (2005) Studies on the Impact of Work-Life Initiatives on Employee and Form Performance: Executive report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.Google Scholar
Spector, PE (2006) Method variance in organisational research: Truth or urban legend? Organizational Research Methods, 9: 221232.Google Scholar
Sturges, J and Guest, D (2004) Working to live or living to work? Work/life balance early in the career, Human Resource Management Journal 14: 520Google Scholar
Subramony, M (2006) Why organisations adopt some human resource management practices and reject others: An exploration of rationales, Human Resource Management 45: 195210.Google Scholar
Truss, C (2001) Complexities and controversies in linking HRM with organisational outcomes, Journal of Management Studies 38: 11211149.Google Scholar
Wright, PM, Dunford, BB and Snell, SA (2001) Human resources and the resource based view of the firm, Journal of Management 27: 701721.Google Scholar
Wright, PM, Gardner, TM, Moynihan, LM and Allen, MR (2005) The relationship between HR practices and firm performance: Examining causal order, Personnel Psychology 58: 409446.Google Scholar