Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T06:01:42.955Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Negative polarity items in Ewe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

CHRIS COLLINS*
Affiliation:
New York University
PAUL M. POSTAL*
Affiliation:
New York University
ELVIS YEVUDEY*
Affiliation:
Aston University
*
Author’s address: Department of Linguistics, New York University, 10 Washington Place, 10003 New York, USA[email protected]
Author’s address: [email protected]
Author’s address: School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK[email protected]

Abstract

Collins & Postal (2014) argue that English NPIs have two distinct syntactic structures: a unary NEG structure and a binary NEG structure. They suggest that this distinction is generally valid for natural languages. This formal difference was taken to reconstruct the common distinction in NPI studies between strong and weak NPIs. The present analysis of Ewe NPIs seeks to provide cross-linguistic support for this dual conception of NPIs by showing that the ke-NPIs in this language are all properly analyzed exclusively as unary NEG structures.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

[1]

We thank the editor and the three Journal of Linguistics referees of this paper for their feedback. Abbreviations in the glosses follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules.

References

Aboh, Enoch. 2010. C-type negation markers on the right edge. In Aboh, Enoch O. & Essegbey, James (eds.), Topics in Kwa syntax, 109139. Amsterdam: Springer.Google Scholar
Agbedor, Paul. 1994. Negation in Ewe. Working Papers of the Linguistic Circle 12, 5573. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria.Google Scholar
Akafia, Seth Y. 1970. Ku le Xɔme. Accra: Bureau of Ghana Languages.Google Scholar
Ameka, Felix. 1991. Ewe: Its grammatical constructions and illocutionary devices. Ph.D. dissertation, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Beghelli, Filippo & Stowell, Tim. 1997. Distributivity and negation: The syntax of each and every . In Szabolcsi, Anna (ed.), Ways of taking scope, 71107. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Google Scholar
Bell, Arthur. 2004. Bipartite negation and the fine structure of the Negative Phrase. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Bernini, Giuliano & Ramat, Paolo. 1996. Negative sentences in the languages of Europe: A typological approach. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Blanchette, Frances. 2015. English negative concord, negative polarity, and double negation. Ph.D. dissertation, City University of New York Graduate Center.Google Scholar
Collins, Chris & Postal, Paul M.. 2014. Classical NEG raising. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Collins, Chris & Postal, Paul M.. 2017. NEG raising and Serbo-Croatian NPIs. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 62.3. [doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2017.2, published online 26 January 2017]Google Scholar
Davidson, Donald. 1967. The logical form of action sentences. In Rescher, Nicholas (ed.), The logic of decision and action, 8195. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
De Swart, Henriëtte & Sag, Ivan A.. 2002. Negation and negative concord in Romance. Linguistics and Philosophy 25, 373417.Google Scholar
Giannakidou, Anastasia. 1998. Polarity sensitivity as (non)veridical dependency. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Giannakidou, Anastasia. 2000. Negative …concord? Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 18, 457523.Google Scholar
Giannakidou, Anastasia. 2006. $N$ -words and negative concord. In Everaert, Martin & van Riemsdijk, Henk (eds.), The Blackwell companion to syntax, vol. III, 327391. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Giannakidou, Anastasia. 2011. Positive polarity items and negative polarity items: Variation, licensing, and compositionality. In Maienborn et al. (eds.), 16601712.Google Scholar
Haegeman, Liliane. 1995. The syntax of negation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haegeman, Liliane. 1997. The syntax of n-words and the Neg Criterion. In Forget, Danielle, Hirschbühler, Paul, Martineau, France & Luisa Rivero, María (eds.), Negation and polarity: Syntax and semantics, 115137. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Haegeman, Liliane & Zanuttini, Raffaella. 1991. Negative heads and the Neg Criterion. The Linguistic Review 8, 233251.Google Scholar
Haegeman, Liliane & Zanuttini, Raffaella. 1996. Negative concord in West Flemish. In Belletti, Adriana & Rizzi, Luigi (eds.), Parameters and functional heads, 117179. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haspelmath, Martin. 2000. Indefinite pronouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Horn, Laurence R. 2016. Licensing NPIs: Some negative (and positive) results. In Larrivée, Pierre & Lee, Chungman (eds.), Negation and polarity: Experimental perspectives, 281305. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 1994. The antisymmetry of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Ladusaw, William A.1979. Polarity sensitivity as inherent scope relations. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin. [Published 1980, New York, Garland Press]Google Scholar
Ladusaw, William A. 1992. Expressing negation. In Barker, Chris & Dowty, David (eds.), Second Conference on Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT II) (Working Papers in Linguistics 40), 237259. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University, Department of Linguistics.Google Scholar
Ladusaw, William A. 1996. Negation and polarity items. In Lappin, Shalom (ed.), The handbook of contemporary semantic theory, 321341. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Linebarger, Marcia. 1980. The grammar of negative polarity. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Linebarger, Marcia. 1987. Negative polarity and grammatical representation. Linguistics and Philosophy 10, 325387.Google Scholar
Maienborn, Claudia. 2011. Event semantics. In Maienborn et al. (eds.), 802829.Google Scholar
Maienborn, Claudia, von Heusinger, Klaus & Portner, Paul (eds.). 2011. Semantics: An international handbook of natural language meaning. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
May, Robert. 1985. Logical form: Its structure and derivation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
May, Robert. 1989. Interpreting logical form. Linguistics and Philosophy 12, 387435.Google Scholar
Merchant, Jason. 2001. The syntax of silence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Merchant, Jason. 2004. Fragments and ellipsis. Linguistics and Philosophy 27, 661738.Google Scholar
Postal, Paul M. 2004. Skeptical linguistic essays. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Progovac, Ljiljana. 1994. Negative and positive polarity: A Binding approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rongier, Jacques. 1988. Apprenons L’Ewe: Miasr~ɔ Eʋegbe, vol. 1. Paris: Éditions L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Rongier, Jacques. 1989. Apprenons L’Ewe: Miasr~ɔ Eʋegbe, vol. 2. Paris: Éditions L’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Ross, John Robert. 1969. Guess who?In Binnick, Robert I., Davison, Alice, Green, Georgia M. & Morgan, Jerry M. (eds.), Papers from the Fifth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society (CLS 5), 252278. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society.Google Scholar
Watanabe, Akira. 2004. The genesis of negative concord: Syntax and morphology of negative doubling. Linguistic Inquiry 35, 559612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westermann, Diedrich. 1930. A study of the Ewe language. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zanuttini, Raffaella. 1997. Negation and clausal structure: A comparative study of Romance languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zeijlstra, Hedde. 2004. Sentential negation and negative concord. Utrecht: Lot.Google Scholar
Zeijlstra, Hedde. 2007. Negation in natural language: On the form and meaning of negative elements. Language and Linguistics Compass 1, 498518.Google Scholar
Zwarts, Frans. 1998. Three types of polarity. In Hamm, Fritz & Hinrichs, Erhard (eds.), Plurality and quantification. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Google Scholar
Zwarts, Frans. 1999. Polarity items. In Brown, Keith & Miller, Jim (eds.), Concise encyclopedia of grammatical categories, 295300. New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar