Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T22:12:48.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

State Laws for Autonomous Vehicle Safety, Equity, and Insurance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2022

Johnathon P. Ehsani ,
Andrew Hellinger ,
Daniel K. Stephens ,
Mi Ran Shin ,
Jeffrey Michael ,
Alexander McCourt  and
Jon Vernick
Johnathon P. Ehsani
Affiliation:
CENTER FOR INJURY RESEARCH AND POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT, JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, BALTIMORE, MD, USA.
Andrew Hellinger
Affiliation:
CENTER FOR INJURY RESEARCH AND POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT, JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, BALTIMORE, MD, USA.
Daniel K. Stephens
Affiliation:
CENTER FOR INJURY RESEARCH AND POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT, JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, BALTIMORE, MD, USA.
Mi Ran Shin
Affiliation:
CENTER FOR INJURY RESEARCH AND POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT, JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, BALTIMORE, MD, USA.
Jeffrey Michael
Affiliation:
CENTER FOR INJURY RESEARCH AND POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT, JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, BALTIMORE, MD, USA.
Alexander McCourt
Affiliation:
CENTER FOR INJURY RESEARCH AND POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT, JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, BALTIMORE, MD, USA.
Jon Vernick
Affiliation:
CENTER FOR INJURY RESEARCH AND POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH POLICY AND MANAGEMENT, JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, BALTIMORE, MD, USA.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article reviews existing state laws related to autonomous vehicle (AV) safety, equity, and automobile insurance. Thirty states were identified with relevant legislation. Of these, most states had one or two relevant laws in place. Many of these laws were related to safety and insurance requirements. Data are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these laws in order to guide further policy development.

Keywords

Autonomous VehiclesLaw/LegislationSafetyEquityInsurance
Type
Independent Articles
Information
Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics , Volume 50 , Issue 3: Transgender Health Equity and the Law , Fall 2022 , pp. 569 - 582
Copyright
© 2022 The Author(s)

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Glancy, D. J., Peterson, R. W., and Graham, K. F., A Look at the Legal Environment for Driverless Vehicles (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2016): at 17–30.Google Scholar
Shladover, S.E., Literature Review on Recent International Activity in Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation Systems, FHWA-HRT-13-025 (December 1, 2012).Google Scholar
SAE International, J3016: Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles, April 30, 2021, SAE International Website, available at <https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3016_202104> (last visited August 4, 2022).+(last+visited+August+4,+2022).>Google Scholar
National Center for Statistics and Analysis, Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities in 2020, DOT HS 813 115 (May 2021).Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WISQARS Fatal Injury Reports, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website, available at < https://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate.html> (last visited November 1, 2021).+(last+visited+November+1,+2021).>Google Scholar
Dingus, T. A., Guo, F., Lee, S., Antin, J. F., Perez, M., Buchanan-King, M., and Hankey, J., “Driver Crash Risk Factors and Prevalence Evaluation Using Naturalistic Driving Data,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 10 (2016): 2636–2641.Google ScholarPubMed
Hassol, J., Perlman, D., Chajka-Cadin, L., and Shaw, J., Understanding Surveys of Public Sentiment Regarding Automated Vehicles, FHWA-JPO-19-764 (November 1, 2019).Google Scholar
Blanco, M., Atwood, J., Russell, S., Trimble, T., McClafferty, J., and Perez, M., Automated Vehicle Crash Rate Comparison Using Naturalistic Data, Final Report from the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (January 2016).Google Scholar
Kalra, N. and Paddock, S. M., “Driving to Safety: How Many Miles of Driving Would it Take to Demonstrate Autonomous Vehicle Reliability?” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 94 (2016): 182–193.Google Scholar
Venkatraman, V., Richard, C. M., Magee, K., and Johnson, K., Countermeasures That Work: A Highway Safety Countermeasure Guide for State Highway Safety Offices, Tenth Edition, DOT HS 813 097 (July 2021); C. J. Kahane, Lives Saved by Vehicle Safety Technologies and Associated Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, 1960 to 2012, DOT HS 812 069 (January 2015).Google Scholar
Anderson, J. M., Kalra, N., Stanley, K. D., and Morikawa, J., Rethinking Insurance and Liability in the Transformative Age of Autonomous Vehicles (2018), Rand Corporation Website, available at <https://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF383.html> (last visited August 4, 2022).+(last+visited+August+4,+2022).>Google Scholar
Bajtelsmit, V. L. and Bouzouita, R., “Market Structure and Performance in Private Passenger Automobile Insurance,” The Journal of Risk and Insurance 65, no. 3 (1998): 503–514.Google Scholar
Stanley, K. D., Grisé, M., and Anderson, J. M., Autonomous Vehicles and the Future of Auto Insurance (2020), Rand Corporation Website, available at <https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA878-1.html> (last visited August 4, 2022).+(last+visited+August+4,+2022).>Google Scholar
Bell, J., Cohen, L., and Malekafzali, S., ed., Healthy, Equitable Transportation Policy: Recommendations and Research (Oakland: PolicyLink, 2009): at 12.Google Scholar
Allen, D. J., Lost in the Transit Desert: Race, Transit Access, and Suburban Form (New York: Routledge, 2018): at 45–107.Google Scholar
Fleetwood, J., “Public Health, Ethics, and Autonomous Vehicles,” American Journal of Public Health 107, no. 4 (2017): 532–537.Google ScholarPubMed
Claypool, H., Bin-Nun, A., and Gerlach, J., Self-Driving Cars: The Impact on People with Disabilities (January 2017), Ruderman Family Foundation Website, available at <https://rudermanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Self-Driving-Cars-The-Impact-on-People-with-Disabilities_FINAL.pdf> (last visited August 4, 2022).+(last+visited+August+4,+2022).>Google Scholar
National Conference of State Legislatures, Self-Driving Vehicles Enacted Legislation, February 18, 2020, National Conference of State Legislatures Website, available at <https://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/autonomous-vehicles-self-driving-vehicles-enacted-legislation.aspx> (last visited May 12, 2021) [hereinafter cited as NCSL Database].+(last+visited+May+12,+2021)+[hereinafter+cited+as+NCSL+Database].>Google Scholar
Etherington, D., Over 1,400 Self-Driving Vehicles Are Now in Testing by 80+ Companies across the US (June 11, 2019), TechCrunch, available at <https://social.techcrunch.com/2019/06/11/over-1400-self-driving-vehicles-are-now-in-testing-by-80-companies-across-the-u-s> (last visited August 4, 2022).+(last+visited+August+4,+2022).>Google Scholar
National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, Uniform Automated Operation of Vehicles Act, December 3, 2019, Uniform Law Commission, available at <https://www.uniformlaws.org/viewdocument/final-act-29?CommunityKey=4e70cf8e-a3f4-4c55-9d27-fb3e2ab241d6&tab=librarydocuments> (last visited August 4, 2022).+(last+visited+August+4,+2022).>Google Scholar
Miller, M., “Congress Makes Renewed Push on Self-Driving Cars Bill,” The Hill, February 17, 2021, available at <https://thehill.com/policy/technology/539063-congress-makes-renewed-push-on-self-driving-cars-bill> (last visited August 4, 2022).+(last+visited+August+4,+2022).>Google Scholar
See Glancy, supra note 1; Stanley, K. D., Partridge, E., and Douma, F., “Legal Accelerators and Brakes for Deployment of Automated Vehicles,” in Road Vehicle Automation 2, eds. Meyer, G. and Beiker, S. (Springer, Cham, 2015): at 93–104.Google Scholar
See NCSL Database, supra note 18.Google Scholar
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Highway Loss Data Institute, Autonomous Vehicle Laws (July 2021), Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Website, available at <https://www.iihs.org/topics/advanced-driver-assistance/autonomous-vehicle-laws> (last visited August 4, 2022).+(last+visited+August+4,+2022).>Google Scholar
See SAE International, supra note 3.Google Scholar
Rutkow, L., Vernick, J. S., Hodge, J. G. Jr., and Teret, S. P., “Preemption and the Obesity Epidemic: State and Local Menu Labeling Laws and the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 36, no. 4 (2008): 772–789.Google ScholarPubMed
See Glancy, supra note 1.Google Scholar
Arbogast, K. B. and Kallan, M. J., “The Exposure of Children to Deploying Side Air Bags: An Initial Field Assessment,” Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine 51 (2007): 245–259.Google ScholarPubMed
Smith, B. W., “How Governments Can Promote Automated Driving,” New Mexico Law Review 47, no. 1 (2017): 100–138.Google Scholar
See Kahane, supra note 10.Google Scholar
Krompier, J., “Safety First: The Case for Mandatory Data Sharing as a Federal Safety Standard for Self-Driving Cars,” The University of Illinois Journal of Law, Technology & Policy 2017, no. 2 (2017): 439–468; J. P. Ehsani, J. Michael, and T. Igusa, State of the Art Review, “Public Health Principles to Inform Testing and Build Trust in Automated Vehicles,” Injury Prevention 26, no. 5 (2020): 494–498.Google Scholar
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, “Automated Vehicle Test Tracking Tool,” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Website, available at <https://www.nhtsa.gov/automated-vehicles-safety/av-test-initiative-tracking-tool> (last visited May 28, 2021).+(last+visited+May+28,+2021).>Google Scholar
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Standing General Order 2021-01 (June 29, 2021), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Website, available at <https://www.nhtsa.gov/document/sgo-crash-reporting-adas-ads> (last visited August 4, 2022).+(last+visited+August+4,+2022).>Google Scholar
See Ehsani, supra note 31.Google Scholar
Roth, M. L., “Regulating the Future: Autonomous Vehicles and the Role of Government,” Iowa Law Review 105 (2020): 1411–1446.Google Scholar
Smith, B. W., “Automated Vehicles Are Probably Legal in the United States,” Texas A&M Law Review 1, no. 3 (2014): 411–521; See National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, supra note 20.Google Scholar
Smith, B. W., Drafting Memoranda for the Uniform Law Commission’s Automated Operation of Vehicles Act, paper presented at the Uniform Law Commission, November 1, 2019, available at <https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3747058> (last visited August 4, 2022).+(last+visited+August+4,+2022).>Google Scholar