Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T19:45:24.063Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Built Environment and Physical Activity Promotion: Place-Based Obesity Prevention Strategies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Extract

Physical inactivity is one of the leading “actual” causes of preventable premature mortality due in large part to its role in obesity and associated morbidities. Currently, less than half (47%) of U.S. adults meet recommendations for aerobic physical activity. For children the numbers are also low, 29% of high school students reported meeting the goal of 60 minutes of daily physical activity over the last week. There has also been a decline in the proportion of children walking or biking to school from 48% in 1969 to 13% in 2009. As a result, promoting physical activity both as recreational exercise and as a part of day-to-day utilitarian travel by foot or bicycle has emerged as a central goal of national and international efforts, often as part of obesity prevention and control efforts.

Type
JLME Supplement
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Mokdad, A. H. Marks, J. S. Stroup, D. F. and Gerberding, J. L., “Actual Causes of Death in the United States,” JAMA 291, no. 10 (2004): 12381245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Data from National Health Interview Survey, Series 10, no. 256, “Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey,” (2011): 2013–1584.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2011,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 61, no. SS04 (2012): 1–162.Google Scholar
McDonald, N. C. Brown, A. L. Marchetti, L. M. and Pedroso, M. S., “U.S. School Travel, 2009: An Assessment of Trends,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 41, no. 2 (2011): 146151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sallis, J. F. Floyd, M. F. Rodriguez, D. A. and Saelens, B. E., “Role of Built Environments in Physical Activity, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease,” Circulation 125, no. 5 (2012): 729737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Institute of Medicine, Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2012).Google Scholar
National Prevention Council, National Prevention Strategy (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General, 2011).Google Scholar
White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity, Solving the Problem of Childhood Obesity within a Generation: White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity Report to the President, July 21, 2010: 1–124.Google Scholar
McKinnon, R. Bowles, H. and Trowbridge, M., “Engaging Physical Activity Policymakers,” Journal of Physical Activity and Health 8, Supp. 1 (2010): S145–S147.Google Scholar
Capital Bikeshare, Capital Bikeshare 2011 Member Survey, June 14, 2012, available at <http://www.capitalbikeshare.com> (last visited November 7, 2013).+(last+visited+November+7,+2013).>Google Scholar
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Building Blocks for Sustainable Communities, available at <http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/buildingblocks.htm> (last visited October 10, 2012).+(last+visited+October+10,+2012).>Google Scholar
Frank, L. D. Greenwald, M. J. Winkelman, S. Chapman, J. and Kavage, S., “Carbonless Footprints: Promoting Health and Climate Stabilization through Active Transportation,” Preventative Medicine 50, Supp. 1 (2010): S99S105; American Public Transit Association, Federal Transit Administration, “Transit Performance Monitoring System (TPMS) Results,” available at <http://www.apta.com/gap/policyresearch/Documents/TPMS_summary_I_and_II.pdf> (last visited November 7, 2013).Google Scholar
MacDonald, J. M. Stokes, R. J. Cohen, D. A. Kofner, A. and Ridgeway, G. K., “The Effect of Light Rail Transit on Body Mass Index and Physical Activity,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 39, no. 2 (2010): 105112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hipp, J. Eyler, A. and Kuhlberg, J., “Target Population Involvement in Urban Ciclovias: A Preliminary Evaluation of St. Louis Open Streets,” Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine (2012), available at <http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/349/art%253A10.1007%252Fs11524-012-9759-6.pdf?auth66=1386367116_14f387f66bf7756258af39a6b30d6e73&ext=.pdf> (last visited November 7, 2013).+(last+visited+November+7,+2013).>Google Scholar
Railts to Trails Organization, avaialable at <http://www.railstotrials.org/index.htm> (last visited November 9, 2013).+(last+visited+November+9,+2013).>Google Scholar
Atlanta Beltline, avaialable at <http://www.beltline.org> (last visited November 9, 2013).+(last+visited+November+9,+2013).>Google Scholar
Boarnet, M. G. Day, K. Anderson, C. McMillan, T. and Alfonzo, M., “California's Safe Routes to School Program: Impacts on Walking, Bicycling, and Pedestrian Safety,” Journal of the American Planning Association 71, no. 3 (2005): 301317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, M. and Dannenberg, A. L., “Investment in Safe Routes to School Projects: Public Health Benefits for the Larger Community,” Preventing Chronic Disease 5, no. 3 (2008): A90.Google Scholar
Federal Highway Administration, Report to the U.S. Congress on the Outcomes of the Nonmotorized Transportation Pilot Program, SAFETEA-LU Section 18072012.Google Scholar
Filardo, M. Vincent, J. M. Allen, M. and Franklin, J., Joint Use of Public Schools: A Framework for a New Social Contract (Washington, D.C.: 21st Century School Fund and Center for Cities & Schools, 2010).Google Scholar
Environmental Protection Agency, School Siting Guidelines, available at <http://www.epa.gov/schools/siting/> (last visited November 9, 2013); Vincent, J. and Filardo, M., “School Construction Investments and Smart Growth in Two High Growth States: Implications for Social Equity,” School Siting and Healthy Communities: Why Where We Invest in School Facilities Matters (East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 2011): at 4164.Google Scholar
U.S. Green Building Council, available at <http://www.usgbc.org/neighborhoods> (last visited November 8, 2013).+(last+visited+November+8,+2013).>Google Scholar
San Francisco Department of Public Health, “Sustainable Communities Index: Healthy Cities, Healthy People, 2013,” available at <http://www.sustainablesf.org> (last visited November 8, 2013); Farhang, L. Bhatia, R. Scully, C. C. Corburn, J. Gaydos, M. and Malekafzali, S., “Creating Tools for Healthy Development: Case Study of San Francisco's Eastern Neighborhoods Community Health Impact Assessment,” Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 14, no. 3 (2008): 255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New York City Department of Transportation, Street Design Manual, 2010, available at <http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/about/streetdesignmanual.shtml> (last visited November 8, 2013).+(last+visited+November+8,+2013).>Google Scholar
LaPlante, J. and McCann, B., “Complete Streets: We Can Get There from Here,” Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Journal 78, no. 5 (2008): 24.Google Scholar
Smart Growth America, National Complete Streets Coalition: Policy Atlas, 2013, available at <http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/complete-streets/changing-policy/complete-streets-atlas> (last visited November 8, 2013).+(last+visited+November+8,+2013).>Google Scholar
Wernham, A., “Health Impact Assessments Are Needed in Decision Making about Environmental and Land-Use Policy,” Health Affairs 30, no. 5 (2011): 947956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Public Health — Seattle and King County, Puget Sound Clean Air Agency, SR 520 Health Impact Assessment: A Bridge to a Healthier Community, September 2008.Google Scholar
Center for Training Research and Translation, available at <http://www.centertrt.org/?p=intervention&id=1156> (last visited November 9, 2013).+(last+visited+November+9,+2013).>Google Scholar
Kerr, N. Yore, M. Ham, S. and Dietz, W., “Increasing Stair Use in a Worksite through Environmental Changes,” American Journal of Health Promotion 18, no. 4 (2004): 312315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Task Force on Community Preventive Services, “Recommendation for Use of Point-of-Decision Prompts to Increase Stair Use in Communities,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 38, no. 2, Supp. 2 (2010): S290–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New York City Department of Design and Construction, “Active Design Guidelines,” available at <http://www.nyc.gov/adg> (last visited November 9, 2013).+(last+visited+November+9,+2013).>Google Scholar
Lee, K. K., “Developing and Implementing the Active Design Guidelines in New York City,” Health and Place 18, no. 1 (2012): 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alliance for Biking and Walking, available at <http://www.peoplepoweredmovement.org/site/> (last visited December 19, 2013).+(last+visited+December+19,+2013).>Google Scholar
City of Boston, Bike Statistics, available at <http://www.cityofboston.gov/bikes/statistics.asp> (last visited November 9, 2013).+(last+visited+November+9,+2013).>Google Scholar
Frank, L., “Economic Determinants of Urban Form,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 27, no. 3 Supplement (2004): 146153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leinberger, C. and Alfonzo, M., Walk This Way: The Economic Promise of Walkable Places in Metropolitan Washington, D.C. (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2012).Google Scholar
Shoup, L. and Ewing, R., The Economic Benefits of Open Space, Recreation Facilities and Walkable Community Design (San Diego, CA: Active Living Research, 2010).Google Scholar
Montes, F. Sarmiento, O. L. and Zarama, R. et al. , “Do Health Benefits Outweigh the Costs of Mass Recreational Programs? An Economic Analysis of Four Ciclovía Programs,” Journal Of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 89, no. 1 (2011): 153170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, L. D. Saelens, B. E. Powell, K. E. and Chapman, J. E., “Stepping Towards Causation: Do Built Environments or Neighborhood and Travel Preferences Explain Phyiscal Activity, Driving, and Obesity?” Social Science Medicine 65, no. 9 (2007): 18981914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormack, G. R. and Shiell, A., “In Search of Causality: A Systematic Review of the Relationship between the Built Environment and Physical Activity Among Adults,” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 13, no. 8 (2011): 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sallis, J. F. Floyd, M. F. Rodriguez, D. A. and Saelens, B. E., “Role of Built Environments in Phyiscal Activity, Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease,” Circulation 125 (2012): 729737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar