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Forging New Freedoms: Nativism, Education, and the Constitution, 1917-1927. By William G. Ross. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press1994. Pp. x, 277. $50.00. ISBN: 0-803-23900-9.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2015

Paul Finkelman
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Type
Review Essays and Reviews
Information
Journal of Law and Religion , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , 2001 , pp. 531 - 536
Copyright
Copyright © Center for the Study of Law and Religion at Emory University 2001

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References

1. Alexander v. Sandoval, 121 S.Ct. 1511 (2001)Google Scholar (no private cause of action to enforce disparate-impact-regulations under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, considering only a procedural issue, not the substantive issue of constitutionality), rev'g 211 F. 3d 133 (11th Cir. 2000) (April 24, 2001).

2. See generally Bennett, David H., The Party of Fear: From Nativist Movements to the New Right in American History (U. N.C. Press 1988)Google Scholar.

3. Quoting Tupper, Frederick, The Awful German Language, The Nation 248 (09 7, 1918)Google Scholar.

4. Farrington v. Tokushige, 273 U.S. 284, 298 (1927).

5. For religious purposes Jews become adults at age 13, and in Conservative, Orthodox, and Hasidic communities prayers are in Hebrew. Furthermore, many Hasidic communities continue to use Yiddish as their day-to-day spoken language.

6. 262 U.S. 390 (1923). Four companion cases were decided in Bartels v. Iowa, 262 U.S. 404(1923).

7. 268 U.S. 510 (1925).

8. 273 U.S. 284 (1927).

9. Finkelman, Paul, The War on German Language and Culture, 1917-1925, in Confrontation and Cooperation: Germany and the United States in the Era of World War I, 1900-1924 177, 189 (Schroder, Hans Jurgen, ed., Berg Publishers 1993)Google Scholar. See Luebke, Frederick C., Bonds of Loyalty: German-Americans and World War 1259 (N. Ill. U. Press 1974)Google Scholar.

10. See generally id.; Wittke, Carl, German Americans and the World War (Ohio State Archaeological & Historical Socy. 1936)Google Scholar.

11. 198 U.S. 45 (1905).

12. 261 U.S. 525 (1923). In Reynolds v. U. S., 98 U.S. 145 (1879) and Davis v. Season, 133 U.S. 333 (1890), the Court had refused to apply the First Amendment to protect fundamental religious liberties against federal action. See generally Curtis, Michael Kent, No State Shall Abridge: The Fourteenth Amendment and the Bill of Rights (Duke U. Press 1986)Google Scholar.

13. Bartels v. Iowa, 262 U.S. 404, 412 (1923) (Holmes' dissent is in the next case in the reporter after the Meyer case—that next case being Bartels).

14. 381 U.S. 479 (1965).

15. 410 U.S. 113 (1973).