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Chile During the First Months of the War of the Pacific

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2009

William F. Sater
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Extract

Charles Darwin once described the Atacama as the world' most desolate desert, and it is hardly surprising that its ownership was not vigorously contested before the 1860s. The discovery, however, first of guano and then of nitrates, made the Atacama the object of a diplomatic dispute between Chile and Bolivia, both of which now coveted this once undesirable land.

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Articles
Information
Journal of Latin American Studies , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , May 1973 , pp. 133 - 158
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1973

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References

1 Carlos, Dellepiane, Historia Militar del Perú (3rd ed., Buenos Aires, 1941), II, 27–30, 65;Google ScholarEdmundo, H. Civati Bernasconi, Guerra del Paclfico (Buenos Aires, 1946), I, 117–34;Google ScholarMariano, Felipe Paz Soldán, Narraciòn històrica de la Guerra con Chile contra el Perú y Bolivia (Buenos Aires, 1884), pp. 104–13;Google ScholarRobert, N. Burr, By Reason or Force (Los Angeles & Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1965), p. 143;Google ScholarClements, R. Markham, The War between Peru and Chile (London, 1883), pp. 93–9;Google ScholarAlcides, Argüedas, Historia General de Bolivia (La Paz, 1922), pp. 379–80;Google ScholarWilde, M. Fernando, Historia Miitar de B livia (La Paz, 1963), pp. 137–8;Google ScholarMecham, J. Lloyd, A Survey of United States–Latin American Relations (Boston, 1965), p. 413.Google Scholar

2 La Revista dcl Sur (Concepciòn) 13, 15 02, 11, 25 03 1879 (hereafter cited as RVS); La Discusiòn (Chillán), 9, 13 02, 8 04 (hereafter cited as DIS); El Sufragio (Curicò), 15 02 (hereafter cited as SUF); El Lautaro (Rancagua), 12 05 (hereafter cited as LAU); El Constituycnte (Copiapò), 3 03 (hereafter cited as CONS); La Libcrtad (Valdivia), 26 04 (hereafter cited as LIBER); El Corrco de la Serena (La Serena), 12 05 (hereafter cited as CLS). Unless otherwise noted all newspapers cited were published in 1879.

3 LAU, 22 02 See also El Diario de Avisos (Santiago), 5 03; RVS, 10 05; El Independiente (Santiago), 30 03, 25 04 (hereafter cited as INDEP); El Mercurio (Valparaíso), 17 04 (hereafter cited as MER).

4 El Estandarte Catòlico (Santiago), 8 03 (hereafter cited as ESTAN).

5 MER, 1, 21 03; see also RVS, 5, 18 02, 4, 11 03 15, 19 04; The Chilian Times (Valparaíso), 3 05 (hereafter cited as CHT); CONS, 7 03, 10 06 INDEP, 5 03; La Semana (Parral), 10 05 (hereafter cited as SEM); CLS, 22 03., 20 03; El Progreso (Melipilla), 20 02 (hereafter cited as PRO); El Ferrocarril (Santiago), 25 02, 3 03 (hereafter cited as FERR); La Patria (Valparasíso), 27 02 (hereafter cited as LAP); ESTAN, 20 03.

6 INDEP, 19, 20 03; El Correo de Quillota (Quillota), 14 04, 1 05 (hereafter cited as CQ); MER, 6 04; Las Noticias (Talca). 3 04 (hereafter cited as LN); RVS, 6 05; CHT, 15 03.

7 Memoria de Guerra i Marina presentado al Congreso nacional pot el Ministro del ramo (Santiago, 1876), ix, xxxi, Memoria de Guerra… (Santiago, 1877), xi, xvii, xxii, xxviii; Memoria de Guerra… (Santiago, 1878), xviii, 100, 187–8, 221, 232–3, 241.

8 CHT, 22 02; MER, 13, 16 05.

9 El Maipo (San Bernardo), 15 03, 26 04 (hereafter cited as MP); see also LIBER, 9, 16 04; LAU, 12 03; DIS, 7, 11 05 CLS, 8 05 El Elector (Copiapò), 15 02.; PRO, 8 05.

10 CONS, 3 03.

11 DIS, 3 07; El Liberal (Vallenar), 17 05.

12 Inspecciòn Jeneral de la Guardia Nacional, Num. 4 in Memoria de Guerra de 1878; LN, 18, 19, 23 April, 1, 2, 9, 15, 22 May, 10 June, 15 July; CLS, 23 May 25 Septmber.; MER, 3 May ESTAN, 15 May; MP, 26 April; RVS, 14 Aug.; PRO, 18 May.

13 Memoria de Guerra de 1878, pp. 100, 102–3; RVS, 26 06, 14 08.; CONS, 6 05, 10 06, 14 07; La Uniòn (Parral), 7 06, 16 07 (hereafter cited as UN); LN, 22 05, 15 07; SUF, 10 06; CLS, 24 08.; MER, 10 03.

14 PRO, 8 06; El Mensajero del Pueblo (Santiago), 12 07 (hereafter cited as MEN); CONS, 29 04.

15 RVS, 22 05 14 08.; DIS, 14 07.

16 Justo, Arteaga to Aníbal, Pinto, 9, 16, 24 05 6 06, 1 07, Correspondencia de Pinto, vol. 1;Google Scholar see also: Cornelio, Saavedra to Aníbal, Pinto, 15, 57 03, Fondos Varios, vol. 414 (hereafter cited as FV). Saavedra was a professional army officer: Roberto Souper to Cornelio Saavedra, 4, 26 06, FV, vol. 559. Souper was a landowner from Talca who volunteered for the war.Google Scholar

17 CONS, 14 07; DIS, 05, 30 08.; RVS, 22 05.

18 Hipòlito, Gutiérrez, Crònica de on soldado de la Guerra del Pacifico (Santiago, n.d.), p.17;Google ScholarArturo, Benavides Santo, Seis años de vacaciones (3rd ed., Buenos Aires, 1967), pp. 16–18;Google ScholarAlberto, del Solar, Diario de Campaña (3rd ed., Buenos Aires, 1967), pp. 15–16.Google Scholar

19 RVS, 19 04, 22 05, 14 08.

20 CLS, 20 03.

21 CLS, 1 03; CQ, 12 06; LN, 27 07; DIS, 15 04; CONS, 20 05; CHT, 14 06; MER, 12 05.

22 CONS, 54 03, 1, 20 05; El Comercio (San Felipe), 1 05 (hereafter cited as COM); DIS, 26 04.

23 LN, 2 07; DIS, 19 04.

24 CLS, 22 05.

25 El Curicano (Curicò), 28 06 (hereafter cited as CUR).

26 ESTAN, 3 04; CQ, 25 05; CHT, 5 04; CONS, 6 05 CLS, 20 03.

27 FERR, 3 03; CQ, 19 06; LN, 22, 24 06; CHT, 10 05; Eulogio Altamirano to Antonio Varas, 4 07 1879, in Correspondencia tie don Antonio Varas sobre la Guerra dcl Pacifico (Santiago, 1928), pp. 168–9 (hereafter cited as Varas). Altamirano was a lawyer and later a judge. He had earlier been both a Deputy and a Minister of Justice in the government of Federico Errázuriz. During the war he was Secretary of the Field Army.

28 CHT, 5 04.

29 MEN, 7 06; LN, 6 05; MER, 20 05; RVS, 24 08.

30 CHT, 19 04.

31 CLS, 17 06 CQ, 12 06; CONS, 29 04, 20 05; DIS, 18 04, 12 07.

32 MEN, 4 06; LN, 11, 12 06; MER, is 06; Diario de Guerra (Santiago), 9 06 (hereafter cited as DG); CONS, 23 05 CLS, 15, 26 07.

33 RVS, 2 04; ESTAN, 17 04; SEM, 7 03; CQ, 11, 19 06; MER, 11, 14 06; Sesiòn del 22 de Abril de 1879 in Varas, p. 261.

34 CQ, 19 06, 20 07; COM, 12 03; PRO, or 05; UN, 10 05.

35 LN, 29 03 1, 3, 19 07; DIS, 26 04.

36 COM, 12 03; CLS, 57 07.

37 UN, 6 07.

38 DIS, 18 04; LB, 19 07.

39 Los Tiempos (Santiago), 29 07 (hereafter cited as LOT).

40 FERR, 28 02; DIS, 18 04, 9 05, 4 09; CONS, 8 05; LN, 20 07; CLS, 1 05; MEN, 29 03; RVS, 12 04; ESTAN, 20 03.

41 RVS, 27 05; MEN, 24 05; CQ, II 05; CONS, 8 05; Altamirano to Varas, 7, II 07 in Varas, pp. 171, 173.

42 DIS, 15, 18, 26 041, 9 05, II 10.; LAU, 29 03, 3 05; LN, I 05, 3 06; CLS, 8 05; MP, 15 03; LIBER, 3 05; CONS, 6 05; RVS, 15 04; MEN, 22 03, 19 04, 24 05.

43 CHT, 21 06; CUR, 28 06; CQ, 22 05; DIS, 9 05; PRO, 7 07; UN, 26 07. See also LI, 18, 19 07; CLS, 13 05.

44 CONS, 29 04, 14 05, 14 06.

45 RVS, 15 04.

46 LN, 23, 24, 30 04, 19 07.

47 CHT, 24 05.

48 CUR, 28 06. See also CQ, I 05; CONS, 23 05; DG, 19 08; UN, 28 06.

49 Logan, C. A. to Secretary of State, 6 03 1876, in United States Diplomatic Reports, Chile.Google Scholar

50 Félix, Garmendia, Las elecciones infames (Santiago, 1876), pp. 6–7;Google ScholarRamòn, 2° Harriet, La verdad de hoi (Valparaíso, 1875), p. II;Google ScholarDe un nuevo partido politico en Chile (Talca, 1875), pp. 26, 33, 37, 42.

51 DA, 17 01.

52 Discurso de S. E. el Presidente dc la República en la apertura del Congreso Constituyente de 1891 (Santiago de Chile, 1891), pp. 7–8; PRO, 30 03, 5 04; COM, 12 03; INDEP, 15 04; CQ, 23, 30 03; RVS, 20 02; DIS, 18 04; LN, 9 04; CUR, 16 02; LIBER, 9, 16 04.

53 MER, 24 03; CHT, 15 02; INDEP, 14, 18 02, 5 03; LAP, 20, 21 01, 3, 10, 13 02, 5 03; Las Novedades (Santiago), 22 01, 17, 18 02 (herafter cited as NOV).

54 ESTAN, 11, 24, 29 03; INDEP, I, 3, 4, 6, 21 03; RVS, 22, 25 02, 13, 18 03; FERR, 23, 28 02, 8, 16 03; LAP, 20, 22, 26 02; NOV, 20 03; CLS, 29 03; LAU, 15, 22 03; SEM, 55 03; SUF, 18 03; PRO, 30 03; CQ, 6, 9 03; MEN, 22 03; DA, 24 01, 29 03.

55 MER, 20, 28 02, I, II, 13 03; ESTAN, I, 4, 5, 11 03; RVS, 13 03; INDEP, 28 03; LAP, 28 02; FERR, 20, 26 03.

56 COM, 16 02, 22 03, 8 04; CONS, 4 04; LAU, 15, 18 03; LIBER, 26 04; SEM, 28 04.

57 DA, 19 03; LAU, 12 03; INDEP, 5, 22 03; FERR, 3 03; MER, 20 03; ESTAN, 27 02; LAP, 18, 21 02.

58 CHT, 22 03.

59 Arteaga to Pinto, 9, 16 May, Correspondencia de Pinto, Vol. 1.

60 INDEP, 20 03; MER, 17 04.

61 DG, 16 05; FERR, I, 12, 13 04, 8 05; LAP, 22, 26 03, 5, 8, 9, 16 04; NOV, 23 04.

62 Juan, Williams Rebolledo, Operaciones de la escuadra mientras estuvo a las òrdenes del contra-almirante Williams Rebolledo (Valparaíso, 1882), pp. 20–21.Google Scholar

63 LAP, 16 04. See also FERR, 6, 12 04; CHT, 19 04; DG, 16 05; NOV, 6, 22 05.

64 Rafael Sotomayor to Anibal Pinto, 7, 9, 24, 27 April in ‘Correspondencia de don Rafael Sotomayor con don Aníbal Pinto durante la Guerra del Pacífico’, Revista Chilena de Historia y Geografia, XV (1922), 179–80, 583–4, 588–9, 590–3 (hereafter the article is cited as CRS). In civilian life a judge, Sotomayor served as civilian secretary to Williams Rebolledo during the first months of the war.

65 Williams, Rebolledo to Anibal, Pinto, 15 05, Correspondencia de Aníbal Pinto a General D. J. M. de la Cruz.Google Scholar

66 FERR, 24, 28 05; LAP, 24, 30 05; NOV, 23 05; MER, 24 05; ESTAN, 23 05; INDEP, 28 05; DG, 6 06; SUP, 19 06; LN, 17 06; El Centinela (San Carios), 5, 12 06 (hereafter cited as CEN).

67 Sotomayor, to Pinto, , 5 May in CRS, 286–8;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Pinto, , Junio de 1879, ‘Correspondencia de don Rafael Sotomayor con el General don Justo Arteaga y don Aníbal Pinto sobre la Guerra del Pacífico’, Revista Chilena, 17 (1924), 425 (hereafter cited as CRSJA).Google Scholar See also Domingo, Santa María to Antonio, Varas, 27 06, in Varas, p. 155.Google Scholar

68 José, Alfonso to Aníbal, Pinto, 27 05, FV, vol. 559. Alfonso was a lawyer who served as Auditor de Gucrra, a liaison position between the military and civilian authorities.Google Scholar

69 Altamirano, to Varas, , 27, 29 05, 2, 7 06, in Varas, pp. 107–8; 118, 536.Google Scholar See also Varas, to Altamirano, , 3 06, in Varas, p. 121.Google Scholar

70 DG, 24 05; Cámara de Diputados, sesiones ordinarias, 28 07, p. 330.

71 INDEP, 27 05.

72 NOV, 27 05.

73 La Opiniòn (Talca), 30 07 (hereafter cited as OP).

74 LOT, 25, 27, 29 05; see also DG, 30 05.

75 LAP, 30 05; FERR, 24 05.

76 MER, 28, 30 05, 6 06. See also ESTAN, 23 05; NOV, 23 05; INDEP, II, 14 06; RVS, 28, 30 05; LN, 25 05; CLS, 27 05; CONS, 7 07.

77 Santa, María to Varas, , 27 06, in Varas, p. 155.Google Scholar

78 Alfonso, to Pinto, , 13 06, FV,Google Scholar vol. 414. Sec also: Alfonso, to Pinto, , 23 05, FV,Google Scholar vol. 414; Santa, María to Varas, , 27 06, in Varas, pp. 155–6.Google Scholar In a letter dated 28 April 1879, Sotomayor stated that the Peruvian fleet was expected to sail south within, twenty to thirty days. This is approximately when they did leave Callao for Arica; Sotomayor, to Pinto, , 28 04, CRS, 194.Google Scholar

79 Williams, , p. 44.Google Scholar

80 Santa, María to Pinto, , 25 06, FV, vol. 416.Google Scholar

81 DIS, 19 04; CQ, 20 04; CLS, 15, 17 05.

82 Sotomayor, to Pinto, , Junio de 1879, CRSJA, 415.Google Scholar

83 Sotomayor, to Varas, , 5 06, in Varas, p. 128;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Pinto, , 4 06, CRS, pp. 292–3.Google Scholar

84 Altamirano, to Varas, , 5 06, in Varas, p. 125;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Varas, , 13 06, in Varas, p. 142;Google ScholarSanta, María to Lastarria, J. V., ‘Cartas de don Domingo Santa María a don José Victorino Lastarria’, Revista Chilena, 6 (1918), 254–60;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Pinto, , Junio de 1879, 16 06, CRSJA, pp. 415, 420;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Pinto, , 4 06 CRS, pp. 292–3.Google Scholar

85 MER, 14 05.

86 INDEP, 17 06.

87 Cámara de Diputados, sesiones estraordinarias (sesiones secretas), 19 06, pp. 131–2.

88 Sotomayor, to Pinto, , 4 06, CRS, pp. 292–3;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Pinto, , 16 06, Junio de 1879, CRSJA, pp. 415, 420.Google Scholar

89 Santa, María to Pinto, , 25 06, FV,Google Scholar vol. 416; Santa, María to Varas, , 27 06, in Varas, p. 156;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Pinto, , 16 06, CRSJA, p. 420.Google Scholar

90 Santa, María to Varas, , 20 07, in Varas, p. 191.Google Scholar

91 LOT, II, 16, 20 07; DG, 19 07; CQ, 5 07; CLS, 14 06; MER, 15, 18, 19 07; ESTAN, 18 07; FERR, 16 07; LAP, 4 07; INDEP, 8, 11, 18, 22, 27 07; CHT, 12 07; LN. 22 07.

92 CHT, 26 07; ESTAN, 21 07; CLS, 17 07; LN, 22 07; MER, 21, 22 07; LAP, 9 07; CEN, 26 07.

93 Aníbal, Pinto, ‘Apuntes’, Revista Chilena, 13 (1921), 367;Google ScholarCONS, 8 08; El Nuevo Ferrocarril, 21 07 (hereafter cited as NFERR'); DG, 17 07.

94 LN, 22, 26 07; FERR, 16 07; MER, 19 06.

95 NFERR, 21 07; INDEP, 5, 15 07; CQ, 13, 15 07; LN, 8 07.

96 INDEP, 5, 7, 8 06; CEN, 26 07; CLS, 13, 17 07; CQ, 13 07; LN, 27 07.

97 CQ, 29 06, 24 07; CLS, 12, 17 07.

98 INDEP, 17, 18 07; LOT, 3 07; MER, 18 07; CQ, 15, 17, 24 07; LN, 22 07.

99 LAP, 10 07.

100 FERR, 5 03; LAP, 20 03; INDEP, 16 03; MER, 19 03, 20 06; LAU, 12 05; DG, 19 07; CQ, 17 07; CLS, 10 06.

101 MER, 15 07.

102 CEN, 12 07.

103 CHT, 26 07.

104 José, Velásquez to Jovino, Novoa, 31 05, in Varas, p. 117; DIS, 19 08; ESTAN, 12, 05;Google ScholarAlfonso, to Pinto, , 13 06, FV, vol. 454;Google ScholarSouper, to Saavedra, , II, 29 05, 26 06, FV, vol. 559; CQ, 7 09; LN, 17 06;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Varas, , 4 05, 5 06, in Varas, pp. 63, 131;Google ScholarSanta, María to Varas, , 27 06, in Varas, p. 156;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Pinto, , Junio de 1879, CR5JA 414.Google Scholar

105 Santa, María to Pinto, , 25 06, FV, vol. 416.Google Scholar

106 Alfonso, to Pinto, , 27 05, FV, vol. 414.Google Scholar

107 ‘Apuntes’, 11 07, p. 363.

108 Souper, to Saavedra, , 26 06, FV, vol. 559;Google ScholarAlfonso, to Pinto, 6 06, FV, vol. 414.Google Scholar

109 Ignacio, Santa Maria, Guerra del Pacifico (Santiago de Chile, 1920), 11, 293–302, 305–7.Google Scholar

110 Ibid. pp. 377–83.

111 Santa, María to Pinto, , 19 07, FV, vol. 416.Google Scholar

112 LOT, 24, 27, 29, 30 07, 28 08; CQ, 27 07; MER, 28 07; CONS, 1 08; CEN, 2 08.

113 Santa, María to Pinto, , 26 07, FV, vol. 416.Google Scholar

114 Souper, to Saavedra, , Julio, FV, vol. 559.Google Scholar

115 Souper, to Saavedra, , 4 06, FV, vol. 559;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Pinto, , 12 05, 4 06, CRS, pp. 289–93;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Pinto, , Junio de 1879, 3 08, CRSJA, pp. 415, 424–5;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Saavedra, , 9 04, FV, vol. 559;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Varas, , 6 06, in Varas, p. 148;Google ScholarSanta, María to Varas, , 27 06, 20 07, in Varas, pp. 156, 189–90;Google ScholarSanta, María to Pinto, , 25 06, 26 07, FV, vol. 416;Google ScholarSanta, María to Lastarria, , ‘Correspondencia …’, pp. 255–60.Google Scholar

116 CQ, 3 08; CLS, 2, 7 08; OP, 30 07; LN, I 08; RVS, 2 08.

117 LOT. 31 07, I 08.

118 Ibid.. 31 07.

119 LAP, 1 08; LOT, 1 08.

120 OP, 30, 31 07.

121 INDEP, 2 08; LN, I 08.

122 X, La patria esaá en peligro (1879). This was also published in various newspapers. See, for example, LN, 26 07.

123 LAP, 1, 2, 8 08; RVS, 31 07, 21 08; LOT, 15 07, 10 08; MEN, 16 08; CQ, 10 08.

124 CLS, 7 08; LN, 1 08; DIS, 7 08.

125 RVS, 2 08; UN, 26 07; CONS, 1 08; MEN, 2 08; LAP, 1 08; DIS, 7 08.

126 INDEP, 18, 30, 31 08; LAP, 30 08; CLS, 28 08; CQ, 3, 17 08; CEN, 2 08.

127 LOT, 29 07; CLS, 28 08; CONS, 1 08.

128 CQ, 3 08; NFERR, 11 08, I 09; DC, 19 08; OP, 20 07.

129 OP, 31 07; RVS, 31 07, 30 08.

130 FERR, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 08; LAP, 1 08; RVS, 19 08; DIS, 19, 21 08; CUR, 23 08; LIBER, 30 08; CHT, 9 08. See also Cámara de Senado, sesiones ordinarias, 9, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24 07; Cámara de Diputados, sesiones ordinarias, 26, 28 06, 1, 2, 10, 12, 16, 17, 19 July. These sessions were devoted almost exclusively to the discussion of political issues.

131 CUR, 23 08; MEN, 9 08; DG, 23 08.

132 CONS, 1 08;DG, 19 08; INDEP, 8 08; DG, 29 09.

133 CHT, 9 08.

134 LAP, 2 08; DIS, 4 09.

135 CONS, 7 08.

136 DIS, 4 09; NFERR, 18 08.

137 LAP, 1, 8 08; CQ, 10, 24 08; DIS, 4 09; FERR, 9 08; RVS, 21, 30 08; DG, 23 08; MER, 8 08.

138 ‘Apuntes’, 24, 25 07, pp. 364–6. For the Congressional debates, see Cámara de Diputados, sesiones ordinarias, 26 07, pp. 321–3; Cámara de Diputados, sesiones secretas, 14, 16, 19, 20 08, pp. 133–46; Senado, scsiones ordinarias, 22 08, p. 149; Senado, sesiones secretas, 23, 24, 31 07, 1, 2 08, pp. 27–52.

139 ‘Apuntes’, 15, 16 08, pp. 368–9, 370–2. See also Jorge, Huneeus, ‘Memoria sobre Ia crisis ministerial que diò por resultado la admisiòn de Ia renuncia de los señores Varas, Urrutia y la mía el 20 de Agosto de 1879’, Revista Chilena, 7 (1919), 153–64.Google Scholar

140 Varas, to Altamirano, , 29 07, in Varas, pp. 208, 210.Google Scholar

141 LAP, 14 08.

142 ESTAN, 21 07; LN, 22 07; CQ, 24 07; CONS, 12 07; CHT, 21 06.

143 Williams, , op. cit., pp. 113–14.Google Scholar

144 Altamirano, to Pinto, , 6 08, FV, vol. 515;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Varas, , 5 06, in Varas, p. 128;Google ScholarSanta, María to Pinto, , 26 07, FV, vol. 416;Google ScholarAlfonso, to Pinto, , 1 08, FV, vol. 414.Google Scholar

145 Alfonso, to Pinto, , 1 08, FV, vol. 414;Google ScholarSotomayor, to Varas, , 5 06, in Varas, p. 529;Google ScholarAltamirano, to Varas, , 11 08, in Varas, p. 235.Google Scholar

146 Altamirano, to Varas, , 31 07, 4, 5 08, in Varas, p. 219.Google Scholar

147 NFERR, 18 08, 1 09.

148 LOT, 17 08.

149 DIS, 8 08; CLS, 7 08, 2 09; RVS, 26 08.

150 ‘Apuntes’, 27 08, p. 373; ‘Apuntes’, 26, 29 08, Revista Chilena, XVI (1922), 113–15.

151 Sotomayor, to Pinto, , 11 08, CRSJA, pp. 424–5.Google Scholar

152 DIS, 9 10; LOT, 9, 10 10; FERR, 9, 10 10; NFERR, 13 10; INDEP, 9 10; ESTAN, 8 10; MER, 9 10.

153 DIS, 9 10.