Learning Objectives:
Introduction: The amount of pressure in the middle ear depends mainly on the function of the Eustachian tube. Currently there are no continuous recording techniques measuring Eustachian tube function in clinical context and under physiological conditions over extended periods of time.
Purpose: In this paper we investigate the suitability of an active optic triangulation method on the basis of a projected laser-point-pattern in measuring tympanic membrane movement during pressure variations in a middle ear model.
Material and Methods: For projection we used a green semiconductor laser with an output of 1 mW and a diffractive optical element (DOE). As our measured object we used purple latex-foil (Kimberley-Clark®), fixed airtight on the cut-off end of a 2 ml syringe-tube. The movement of the foils was measured by an active optic triangulation method. To simulate pathological variations of the tympanic membrane we prepared the latex-foils in specific ways. One foil was perforated and then covered again (simulating tympanic membrane perforation), another one was partly strengthened by sticking a piece of thick, hard paper to it from the inside (simulating calcification).
Results: The test-setup, as well as the appliance of pressure-changes worked fine and measurement of foil movement in all the modified foil surfaces was possible. This shows that it is possible to record foil-movement with this system even in tympanic membranes with pathological variations. Recording tympanic membrane movements in the temporal bone model need a different set up of the measuring system.
Conclusions: In the course of this study we were able to show that it is possible to assess and record foil movement and tympanic membrane movements using a system of optic triangulation and to simulate different tympanic membrane pathologies. This could be used both in ENT medicine, as well as in aviation and diving medicine.
