Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T18:17:35.990Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Histological effects of intratympanic gentamicin on the vestibular organ of guinea pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2010

R C Demarco ,
M Rossato ,
J A A de Oliveira  and
M A Hyppolito
R C Demarco
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
M Rossato
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
J A A de Oliveira
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
M A Hyppolito*
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
*
Address for correspondence: Dr M A Hyppolito, Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil Fax: 551636022860 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background:

Transtympanic administration of gentamicin may be suitable to achieve unilateral vestibular ablation, in order to control unilateral Ménière's disease. In low doses, gentamicin appears to affect selectively the vestibular system, with relative sparing of the cochlea. An experimental study on guinea pigs was conducted to determine what single dose of gentamicin would produce a unilateral vestibular organ lesion when applied to the middle ear.

Study design:

Experimental and prospective.

Methods:

Four groups of guinea pigs received different gentamicin doses (1, 5, 10 and 25 mg) administered to the middle ear. The animals' vestibular organs were then assessed by scanning electron microscopy, in order to quantify the level of vestibular damage.

Results:

Study of the utricular macula and the ampullar crista of the lateral semicircular canal revealed vestibular neuroepithelial lesions in all infused ears.

Conclusions:

The severity of the vestibular neuroepithelial lesions was dose-dependent. Lower gentamicin doses were observed to damage vestibular structures more than cochlear structures.

Keywords

Meniere's DiseaseGentamicinInjectionMiddle Ear
Type
Main Articles
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 125 , Issue 4 , April 2011 , pp. 357 - 362
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Cheng, AG, Cunningham, LL, Rubel, EW. Mechanisms of hair cell death and protection. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;13:343–8Google Scholar
2Keene, M, Hawke, M, Barber, HO, Farkashidy, J. Histopathological findings in clinical gentamicin ototoxicity. Arch Otolaryngol 1982;108:65–70Google Scholar
3Rybak, LP, Whitworth, CA. Ototoxicity: therapeutic opportunities. Drug Discov Today 2005;10:1313–21CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4De La Cruz, A, Teufert, KB, Berliner, KI. Transmastoid labyrinthectomy versus translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section: does cutting the vestibular nerve make a difference in outcome? Otol Neurotol 2007;28:801–8Google Scholar
5Stokroos, R, Kingma, H. Selective vestibular ablation by intratympanic gentamicin in patients with unilateral active Meniere's disease: a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Acta Otolaryngol 2004;124:172–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Beck, C, Schmidt, CL. 10 years of experience with intratympanically applied streptomycin and gentamicin in the therapy of morbus Ménière. Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol 1978;149:152–221Google Scholar
7Black, FO, Pesznecker, S, Stallings, V. Permanent gentamicin vestibulotoxicity. Otol Neurotol 2004;25:559–69Google Scholar
8Roland, PS, Rybak, L, Owens, FH. Animal ototoxicity of topical antibiotics and the relevance to clinical treatment of human subjects. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:57–78Google Scholar
9Parnes, LS, Sun, AH, Freeman, DJ. Corticosteroid pharmacokinetics in the inner ear fluids: an animal study followed by clinical application. Laryngoscope 1999;109:1–17CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Nakayama, M. Quantitative study of vestibular toxicity induced by gentamicin or cisplatin in the guinea pig. Laryngoscope 1996;106:162–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Lindeman, H. Regional differences in sensitivity of the vestibular sensory epithelia to ototoxic antibiotics. Acta Otolaryngol 1969;67:177–89Google Scholar
12Watanuki, K, Meyer Zum Gottesberge, W. Ototoxic effects of gentamicin upon the peripheral vestibular sensory organs. Laryngoscope 1972;82:363–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Schuknecht, HF. Ablation therapy in the management of Ménière's disease. Acta Otolaryngol 1957;132:1–42Google Scholar
14Wagner, N, Caye-Thomasen, P, Laurell, G, Bagger-Sjoback, D, Thomsen, J. Cochlear hair cell loss in single-dose versus continuous round window administration of gentamicin. Acta Otolaryngol 2005;125:340–5Google Scholar
15Harada, T. Microfissure in the oval window area. Ann Otol Laryngol 1981;90:174–80Google Scholar
16Saijo, S, Kimura, RS. Distribution of HRP in the inner ear after injection into the middle ear cavity. Acta Otolaryngol 1984;97:593–610Google Scholar
17Selimoglu, E. Aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. Curr Pharm Des 2007;13:119–26CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Plontke, SK, Mynatt, R, Gill, RM, Borgmann, S, Salt, AN. Concentration gradient along the scala tympani after local application of gentamicin to the round window membrane. Laryngoscope 2007;117:1191–8Google Scholar
19Rudnick, MD, Ginsberg, IA, Huber, PS. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity following middle ear injection. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1989;89:1–28Google Scholar
20Proctor, LR, el-Kashef, Y. The use of streptomycin to induce unilateral ablation of vestibular function in the rat: a preliminary report. Am J Otolaryngol 1989;10:188–97Google Scholar