Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T18:25:39.220Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of mobile phone use on salivary concentrations of protein, amylase, lipase, immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidase and C-reactive protein of the parotid gland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2014

M S Hashemipour ,
M Yarbakht ,
A Gholamhosseinian  and
H Famori
M S Hashemipour*
Affiliation:
Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman, Iran Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
M Yarbakht
Affiliation:
Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman, Iran Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
A Gholamhosseinian
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, Kerman Medical School, Kerman Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
H Famori
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
*
Address for correspondence: Dr M S Hashemipour, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Fax: 0098 341 2118073 E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background:

The possibility of side effects associated with the electromagnetic waves emitted from mobile phones is a controversial issue. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mobile phone use on parotid gland salivary concentrations of protein, amylase, lipase, immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidase and C-reactive protein.

Methods:

Stimulated salivary samples were collected simultaneously from both parotid glands of 86 healthy volunteers. Salivary flow rate and salivary concentrations of proteins, amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidase, C-reactive protein and immunoglobulin A, were measured. Data were analysed using t-tests and one-way analyses of variance.

Results:

Salivary flow rate and parotid gland salivary concentrations of protein were significantly higher on the right side compared to the left in those that predominantly held mobile phones on the right side. In addition, there was a decrease in concentrations of amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin and peroxidase.

Conclusion:

The side of dominant mobile phone use was associated with differences in salivary flow rate and parotid gland salivary concentrations, in right-dominant users. Although mobile phone use influenced salivary composition, the relationship was not significant.

Keywords

C-Reactive ProteinSalivaParotid GlandIgALipaseAmylaseCellular Phone
Type
Main Articles
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 128 , Issue 5 , May 2014 , pp. 454 - 462
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Davis, DL, Miller, AB, Philips, A. Association of mobile phone use with adult brain cancer remains plausible. BMJ 2012;344:e3083Google Scholar
2Hardell, L, Carlberg, M, Söderqvist, F, Mild, KH, Morgan, LL. Long-term use of cellular phones and brain tumours: increased risk associated with use for ≥10 years. Occup Environ Med 2007;64:626–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Ahlbom, A, Feychting, M, Cardis, E, Elliott, P. Cellular telephone use and cancer risk: update of a nationwide Danish cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:655–6Google Scholar
4Sage, C, Carpenter, DO. Public health implications of wireless technologies. Pathophysiology 2009;16:233–46CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Salford, LG, Brun, AE, Eberhardt, JL, Malmgren, L, Persson, BR. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environ Health Perspect 2003;111:881–3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Hardell, L, Mild, KH, Kundi, M. Long-term mobile phone use and brain tumor risk. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:600–1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Luria, R, Eliyahu, I, Hareuveny, R, Margaliot, M, Meiran, N. Cognitive effects of radiation emitted by cellular phones: the influence of exposure side and time. Bioelectromagnetics 2009;30:198–204CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Salford, LG, Nittby, H, Brun, AE, Grafstrom, G, Malmgren, L, Sommarin, M et al. The mammalian brain in the electromagnetic fields designed by man with special reference to blood-brain barrier function, neuronal damage and possible physical mechanisms. Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2004;173:283–309CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Schoemaker, MJ, Swerdlow, AJ, Ahlbom, A, Auvinen, A, Blaasaas, KG, Cardis, E et al. Mobile phone use and risk of acoustic neuroma: results of the Interphone case–control study in five North European countries. Br J Cancer 2005;93:842–55CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Schüz, J, Böhler, E, Berg, G, Schlehofer, B, Hettinger, I, Schlaefer, K et al. Cellular phones, cordless phones, and the risks of glioma and meningioma. Am J Epidemiol 2006;163:512–20CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Goldwein, O, Aframian, DJ. The influence of handheld mobile phones on human parotid gland secretion. Oral Dis 2010;16:146–50Google Scholar
12Johansen, C, Boice, J Jr, McLaughlin, J. Cellular telephones and cancer–a nationwide cohort study in Denmark. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:203–7Google Scholar
13Röösli, M. Radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure and non-specific symptoms of ill health: a systematic review. Environ Res 2008;107:277–87CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Repacholi, MH. Health risks from the use of mobile phones. Toxicol Lett 2011;120:323–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Hardell, L, Hallquist, A, Hansson Mild, K, Carlberg, M, Gertzén, H, Schildt, EB et al. No association between the use of cellular or cordless telephones and salivary gland tumours. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:675–9Google Scholar
16Auvinen, A, Hietanen, M, Luukkonen, R, Koskela, RS. Brain tumors and salivary gland cancers among cellular telephone users. Epidemiology 2002;13:356–9Google Scholar
17Bard, E, Laibe, S, Clair, S, Biichlé, S, Millon, L, Drobacheff, C et al. Nonspecific secretory immunity in HIV-infected patients with oral candidiasis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002;31:276–84CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Laibe, S, Bard, E, Biichlé, S, Vielle, J, Millon, L, Drobacheff, C et al. New sensitive method for the measurement of lysozyme and lactoferrin to explore mucosal innate immunity. Part II: time-resolved immunofluorometric assay used in HIV patients with oral candidiasis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003;41:134–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19Nishioka, T, Maki, K, Kimura, M, Takahama, U. Determination of salivary peroxidase activity in human mixed whole saliva. Arch Oral Biol 2003;48:397–400CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Ramasubbu, N, Paloth, V, Luo, Y, Brayer, GD, Levine, MJ. Structure of human salivary alpha-amylase at 1.6 A resolution: implications for its role in the oral cavity. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1996;52:435–46CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21Sadurska, B, Skalska-Hilgier, E. Role of lipases in human metabolism [in Polish]. Postepy Hig Med Dosw 2001;55:541–63Google Scholar
22Krasteva, A, Perenovska, P, Ivanova, A. Alteration in salivary components of children with allergic asthma. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 2010;24:1866–9Google Scholar
23Gleeson, M, Hall, ST, McDonald, WA, Flanagan, AJ, Clancy, RL. Salivary IgA subclasses and infection risk in elite swimmers. Immunol Cell Biol 1999;77:351–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24Fox, PC, Busch, KA, Baum, BJ. Subjective reports of xerostomia and objective measures of salivary gland performance. J Am Dent Assoc 1987;115:581–4Google Scholar
25Lowry, OH, Rosebrough, NJ, Farr, AL, Randall, RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265–75Google Scholar
26Rudney, JD, Krig, MA, Neuvar, EK, Soberay, AH, Iverson, L. Antimicrobial proteins in human unstimulated whole saliva in relation to each other, and to measures of health status, dental plaque accumulation and composition. Arch Oral Biol 1991;36:497–506Google Scholar
27Mansson-Rahemtulla, B, Baldone, DC, Pruitt, KM, Rahemtulla, F. Specific assays for peroxidases in human saliva. Arch Oral Biol 1986;31:661–8Google Scholar
28Soderqvist, F, Carlberg, M, Hansson Mild, K, Hardell, L. Childhood brain tumour risk and its association with wireless phones: a commentary. Environ Health 2011;10:106Google Scholar
29Deltour, I, Johansen, C, Auvinen, A, Feychting, M, Klaeboe, L, Schüz, J. Time trends in brain tumor incidence rates in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, 1974–2003. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:1721–4Google Scholar
30Moussa, MM. Review on health effects related to mobile phones. Part II: results and conclusions. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2011;86:79–89CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31Sadetzki, S, Chetrit, A, Jarus-Hakak, A, Cardis, E, Deutch, Y, Duvdevani, S et al. Cellular phone use and risk of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors–a nationwide case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:457–67Google Scholar
32Lönn, S, Ahlbom, AH, Christensen, HC, Johansen, C, Schüz, J, Edström, S et al. Mobile phone use and risk of parotid gland tumor. Am J Epidemiol 2006;164:637–43Google Scholar
33Agha-Hosseini, F, Somayeh, D. The influence of hand held mobile phone on human parotid gland secretion. Oral Dis 2011;17:123Google Scholar
34Burlage, FR, Pijpe, J, Coppes, RP, Hemels, ME, Meertens, H, Canrinus, A et al. Variability of flow rate when collecting stimulated human parotid saliva. Eur J Oral Sci 2005;113:386–90CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35David, R, Shai, E, Aframian, DJ, Palmon, A. Isolation and cultivation of integrin alpha(6)beta(1)-expressing salivary gland graft cells: a model for use with an artificial salivary gland. Tissue Eng Part A 2008;14:331–7Google Scholar
36Horowitz, M, Soskolne, WA. Cellular dynamics of rats' submaxillary gland during heat acclimatization. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1987;44:21–4Google Scholar
37Andrzejak, R, Poreba, R, Poreba, M, Derkacz, A, Skalik, R, Gac, P et al. The influence of the call with a mobile phone on heart rate variability parameters in healthy volunteers. Ind Health 2008;46:409–17Google Scholar
38Humphrey, SP, Williamson, RT. A review of saliva: normal composition, flow and function. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85:162–9Google Scholar
39Rudney, JD, Hickey, KL, Ji, Z. Cumulative correlations of lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidase, S-IgA, amylase, and total protein concentrations with adherence of oral viridans streptococci to microplates coated with human saliva. J Dent Res 1999;7:759–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40Dillon, MC, Opris, DC, Kopanczyk, R, Lickliter, J, Cornwell, HN, Bridges, EJ et al. Detection of homocysteine and C-reactive protein in the saliva of healthy adults: comparison with blood levels. Biomark Insights 2010;5:57–61Google Scholar
41Zalewska, A, Waszkiewicz, N, Szajda, SD, Waszkiel, D. Impact of salivary flow and lysozyme content and output on the oral health of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online) 2011;65:40–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed