Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T14:56:50.992Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cervical lymph node metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary glands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2016

INTERNATIONAL HEAD AND NECK SCIENTIFIC GROUP
INTERNATIONAL HEAD AND NECK SCIENTIFIC GROUP
Affiliation:
INTERNATIONAL HEAD AND NECK SCIENTIFIC GROUP
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective:

To verify the prevalence of cervical lymph node metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma of major salivary glands, and to establish recommendations for elective neck treatment.

Methods:

A search was conducted of the US National Library of Medicine database. Appropriate articles were selected from the abstracts, and the original publications were obtained to extract data.

Results:

Among 483 cases of major salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma, a total of 90 (18.6 per cent) had cervical metastasis. The prevalence of positive nodes from adenoid cystic carcinoma was 14.5 per cent for parotid gland, 22.5 per cent for submandibular gland and 24.7 per cent for sublingual gland. Cervical lymph node metastasis occurred more frequently in patients with primary tumour stage T3–4 adenoid cystic carcinoma, and was usually located in levels II and III in the neck.

Conclusion:

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary glands is associated with a significant prevalence of cervical node metastasis, and elective neck treatment is indicated for T3 and T4 primary tumours, as well as tumours with other histological risk factors.

Keywords

Adenoid Cystic CarcinomaParotid GlandSubmandibular GlandSublingual GlandCervical Lymph Node Metastasis
Type
Review Article
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 131 , Issue 2 , February 2017 , pp. 96 - 105
Copyright
Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

* See Authorship section for full list of collaborators.

References

1 Bjørndal, K, Krogdahl, A, Therkildsen, MH, Overgaard, J, Johansen, J, Kristensen, CA et al. Salivary gland carcinoma in Denmark 1990–2005: a national study of incidence, site and histology. Results of the Danish Head and Neck Group (DAHANCA). Oral Oncol 2011;47:677–82CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2 Amit, M, Binenbaum, Y, Sharma, K, Ramer, N, Ramer, I, Agbetoba, A et al. Incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis and its association with outcomes in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma. An international collaborative study. Head Neck 2015;37:1032–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3 Amit, M, Na'ara, S, Sharma, K, Ramer, N, Ramer, I, Agbetoba, A et al. Elective neck dissection in patients with head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma: an international collaborative study. Ann Surg Oncol 2015;22:1353–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4 Beppu, T, Kamata, SE, Kawabata, K, Nigauri, T, Mitani, H, Yoshimoto, S et al. Prophylactic neck dissection for submandibular gland cancer [in Japanese]. Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 2003;106:831–7Google Scholar
5 Postema, RJ, van Velthuysen, ML, van den Brekel, MW, Balm, AJ, Peterse, JL. Accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology of salivary gland lesions in the Netherlands Cancer Institute. Head Neck 2004;26:418–24Google Scholar
6 Zbären, P, Schüpbach, J, Nuyens, M, Stauffer, E. Elective neck dissection versus observation in primary parotid carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;132:387–91Google Scholar
7 Régis De Brito Santos, I, Kowalski, LP, Cavalcante De Araujo, V, Flávia, Logullo A, Magrin, J. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for neck metastases in surgically treated parotid carcinomas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;127:56–60 Google Scholar
8 Stennert, E, Kisner, D, Jungehuelsing, M, Guntinas-Lichius, O, Schröder, U, Eckel, HE et al. High incidence of lymph node metastasis in major salivary gland cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:720–3Google Scholar
9 Spiro, RH, Huvos, AG. Stage means more than grade in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Am J Surg 1992;164:623–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10 da Cruz Perez, DE, de Abreu, Alves F, Nobuko, Nishimoto I, de Almeida, OP, Kowalski, LP. Prognostic factors in head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2006;42:139–46Google Scholar
11 Armstrong, JG, Harrison, LB, Thaler, HT, Friedlander-Klar, H, Fass, DE, Zelefsky, MJ et al. The indications for elective treatment of the neck in cancer of the major salivary glands. Cancer 1992;69:615–19Google Scholar
12 Ettl, T, Gosau, M, Brockhoff, G, Schwarz-Furlan, S, Agaimy, A, Reichert, TE et al. Predictors of cervical node metastasis in salivary gland cancer. Head Neck 2014;36:517–23Google Scholar
13 Cummings, CW. Adenoidcystic carcinoma (cylindroma) of the parotid gland. Ann Otol 1977;86:280–92Google Scholar
14 Pastore, A, Merlo, R, Chiarello, G, Calearo, C. The problem of lymph nodes in malignant epithelial tumors of the parotid gland [in Italian]. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 1995;15:87–90 Google Scholar
15 Terhaard, CH, Lubsen, H, Rasch, CR, Levendag, PC, Kaanders, HH, Tjho-Heslinga, RE et al. The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant salivary gland tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005;61:103–11Google Scholar
16 van Weert, S, Bloemena, E, van der Waal, I, de Bree, R, Rietveld, DH, Kuik, JD et al. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: a single-center analysis of 105 consecutive cases over a 30-year period. Oral Oncol 2013;49:824–9Google Scholar
17 Zhang, Y, Xia, RH, Han, J, Wang, BS, Tian, WD, Zhong, LP et al. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: clinicopathologic analysis of 218 cases in a Chinese population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013;115:368–75Google Scholar
18 Fiorella, R, Di Nicola, V, Fiorella, ML, Spinelli, DA, Coppola, F, Luperto, P et al. Major salivary gland diseases. Multicentre study. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2005;25:182–90Google Scholar
19 Bhayani, MK, Yener, M, El-Naggar, A, Garden, A, Hanna, EY, Weber, RS et al. Prognosis and risk factors for early-stage adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major salivary glands. Cancer 2012;118:2872–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20 Kelley, DJ, Spiro, RH. Management of the neck in parotid carcinoma. Am J Surg 1996;172:695–7Google Scholar
21 Min, R, Siyi, L, Wenjun, Y, Ow, A, Lizheng, W, Minjun, D et al. Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma with cervical lymph node metastasis: a preliminary study of 62 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;41:952–7Google Scholar
22 Stenner, M, Molls, C, Luers, JC, Beutner, D, Klussmann, JP, Huettenbrink, KB. Occurrence of lymph node metastasis in early-stage parotid gland cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012;269:643–8Google Scholar
23 Wang, YL, Li, DS, Gan, HL, Lu, ZW, Li, H, Zhu, GP et al. Predictive index for lymph node management of major salivary gland cancer. Laryngoscope 2012;122:1497–506CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24 Lim, CM, Gilbert, M, Johnson, JT, Kim, S. Is level V neck dissection necessary in primary parotid cancer? Laryngoscope 2015;125:118–21Google Scholar
25 Medina, JE. Neck dissection in the treatment of cancer of major salivary glands. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1998;31:815–22CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26 Chen, AM, Garcia, J, Lee, NY, Bucci, MK, Eisele, DW. Patterns of nodal relapse after surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for carcinomas of the major and minor salivary glands: what is the role of elective neck irradiation? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;67:988–94CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27 Herman, MP, Werning, JW, Morris, CG, Kirwan, JM, Amdur, RJ, Mendenhall, WM. Elective neck management for high-grade salivary gland carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2013;34:205–8Google Scholar
28 Spiro, RH, Hajdu, SI, Strong, EW. Tumors of the submaxillary gland. Am J Surg 1976;132:463–8Google Scholar
29 Roh, JL, Choi, SH, Lee, SW, Cho, KJ, Nam, SY, Kim, SY. Carcinomas arising in the submandibular gland: high propensity for systemic failure. J Surg Oncol 2008;97:533–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30 Silver, CE, Levin, RJ, Greenstein, B, Strauch, B. The parotid and submandibular glands. In: Silver, CE, Rubin, JS, eds. Atlas of Head and Neck Surgery, 2nd edn. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1999;325–42Google Scholar
31 Allen, MS Jr, Marsh, WL Jr. Lymph node involvement by direct extension in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Absence of classic embolic lymph node metastasis. Cancer 1976;38:2017–21Google Scholar
32 Stell, PM, Cruickshank, AH, Stoney, PJ, McCormick, MS. Lymph node metastases in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 1985;6:433–6Google Scholar
33 Matsuba, HM, Simpson, JR, Mauney, M, Thawley, SE. Adenoid cystic salivary gland carcinoma: a clinicopathologic correlation. Head Neck Surg 1986;8:200–4Google Scholar
34 Seethala, RR, Hunt, JL, Baloch, ZW, Livolsi, VA, Barnes, LE. Adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation: a report of 11 cases and a review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:1683–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35 Bosch, A, Brandenburg, JH, Gilchrist, KW. Lymph node metastases in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland. Cancer 1980;45:2872–7Google Scholar
36 Seaver, PR Jr, Kuehn, PG. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands. A study of ninety-three cases. Am J Surg 1979;137:449–55CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37 Munir, N, Bradley, PJ. Diagnosis and management of neoplastic lesions of the submandibular triangle. Oral Oncol 2008;44:251–60Google Scholar
38 Cohen, AN, Damrose, EJ, Huang, RY, Nelson, SD, Blackwell, KE, Calcaterra, TC. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submandibular gland: a 35-year review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;131:994–1000 Google Scholar
39 Han, MW, Cho, KJ, Roh, JL, Choi, SH, Nam, SY, Kim, SY. Patterns of lymph node metastasis and their influence on outcomes in patients with submandibular gland carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2012;106:475–80Google Scholar
40 Weber, RS, Byers, RM, Petit, B, Wolf, P, Ang, K, Luna, M. Submandibular gland tumors. Adverse histologic factors and therapeutic implications. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990;116:1055–60Google Scholar
41 Kaszuba, SM, Zafereo, ME, Rosenthal, DI, El-Naggar, AK, Weber, RS. Effect of initial treatment on disease outcome for patients with submandibular gland carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007;133:546–50Google Scholar
42 Zdanowski, R, Dias, FL, Barbosa, MM, Lima, RA, Faria, PA, Loyola, AM et al. Sublingual gland tumors: clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic analysis of 13 patients treated in a single institution. Head Neck 2011;33:476–81Google Scholar
43 Rankow, RM, Mignogna, F. Cancer of the sublingual salivary gland. Am J Surg 1969;118:790–5Google Scholar
44 Sun, G, Yang, X, Tang, E, Wen, J, Lu, M, Hu, Q. The treatment of sublingual gland tumours. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;39:863–8Google Scholar
45 Andersen, LJ, Therkildsen, MH, Ockelmann, HH, Bentzen, JD, Schiødt, T, Hansen, HS. Malignant epithelial tumors in the minor salivary glands, the submandibular gland, and the sublingual gland. Prognostic factors and treatment results. Cancer 1991;68:2431–7Google Scholar
46 Spiro, RH. Treating tumors of the sublingual glands, including a useful technique for repair of the floor of the mouth after resection. Am J Surg 1995;170:457–60Google Scholar
47 Perez, DE, Pires, FR, Alves Fde, A, Almeida, OP, Kowalski, LP. Sublingual salivary gland tumors: clinicopathologic study of six cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005;100:449–53CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48 Yu, T, Gao, QH, Wang, XY, Wen, YM, Li, LJ. Malignant sublingual gland tumors: a retrospective clinicopathologic study of 28 cases. Oncology 2007;72:39–44 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed