Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-l4dxg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-12T09:42:43.377Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Organized Business Politics in Democratic Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Ben Ross Schneider
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In May 1996 Brazil's National Confederation of Industry (CNI) convened a meeting of industrialists in Brasilia for a mass show of unity and focused lobbying in favor of constitutional reform. Industrialists large and small heeded the call. Nearly three thousand of them from all over Brazil chartered planes and packed shuttles. Fortified by a morning of speeches demanding constitutional reforms, the industrialists fanned out over Brasilia in the afternoon to argue their case to members of the national congress. As if to demonstrate that it could not be intimidated, however, Congress chose that very afternoon to vote down a reform proposal backed by business. By the end of that year, it was clear that business had made little progress in pushing several amendments it supported.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Volume 39 , Issue 4 , Winter 1997 , pp. 95 - 127
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

The author is grateful to Peter Kingstone, Harry Makler, Gesner Oliveira, Thomas Skidmore, Kathleen Thelen, and Kurt Weyland for comments on earlier versions and to the Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University for research support. Earlier versions of this research appeared in Schneider (1995) and the research paper series of the Institute for Latin American Studies, University of London.

References

Ames, Barry (1994) “The Reverse Coattails Effect: Local Party Organization in the 1989 Brazilian Presidential Election.” American Political Science Review 88, 1 (March): 95–111.Google Scholar
Arruda, Mauro (1993) Executive director of IEDI. Author interview. 15 December.Google Scholar
Arruda, Mauro (1995) Author interview. 23 May.Google Scholar
Banco Real (1995) Executive of the Banco Real and director of Febraban. Author interview. 22 May.Google Scholar
Barker, Wendy (1990) “Banks and Industry in Contemporary Brazil.” Ph.D. diss., Yale University.Google Scholar
Bartell, Ernest and Payne, Leigh (1994) Business and Democracy in Latin America. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Boschi, Renato Raul (1979) Elites industriáis e democracia. Rio de Janeiro: Graal.Google Scholar
Bresser Pereira, Luiz Carlos (1993) Former manager of one of Brazil's largest supermarket chains; former minister of finance. Author interview. São Paulo, 29 January.Google Scholar
Bresser Pereira, Luiz Carlos (1978) O colapso de urna alianca de clases. São Paulo: Brasilense.Google Scholar
Camargo Neto, Pedro (1995) First PNBE coordinator. Author interview. São Paulo, 24 May.Google Scholar
Capobianco, Eduardo and Kapaz, Emerson (1993) Coordinators of PNBE. Author interview. São Paulo, 27 January.Google Scholar
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique (1986) “Entrepreneurs and the Transition Process,” pp. 137-53 in O'Donnell, Guillermo, Schmitter, Philippe C., and Whitehead, Laurence (eds.) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique (1975) Autoritarismo e democratização. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra.Google Scholar
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique (1964) Empresário industrial e desenvolvimento económico no Brasil. São Paulo: Difusão Européia do Livro.Google Scholar
Coelho Fernandes, José Augusto (1993) Executive director of CNI. Author interview. Rio de Janeiro, 25 January.Google Scholar
Confederação Nacional da Industria (CNI) (1992) “Abertura comercial e estratégia tecnológica.” Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Confederação Nacional da Industria (CNI) (1991) “Abertura comercial e estratégia tecnológica.” Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Confederação Nacional da Industria (CNI) (1990) “Competitividade e estratégia industrial: a visão de líderes industriáis brasileiras.” Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
CNI. Legislative Action Council (1996) Senior staff member. Author interview. Brasília, 9 September.Google Scholar
CNI. Legislative Action Council (1995) Senior CNI staffer. Author interview. Brasília, 27 May.Google Scholar
Coleman, William and Grant, Wyn (1988) “The Organizational Cohesion and Political Access of Business.” European Journal of Political Research 16, pp. 467–487.Google Scholar
Diniz, Eli and Boschi, Renato Raul (1998) “O legislativo como arena de interesses organizados: a atuação dos lobbies empresariais.” Unpublished paper. Instituto Universitário de Pesquisa de Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Diniz, Eli and Boschi, Renato Raul (1988) “Empresarios y constituyente,” in Celso, Garrido N. (ed.) Empresarios y estado en América Latina. Mexico City: Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE).Google Scholar
Diniz, Eli and Boschi, Renato Raul (1978) Empresariado nacional e estado no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária.Google Scholar
Dreifuss, René (1989) O jogo da direita na Nova República. Petrópolis: Vozes.Google Scholar
Dreifuss, René (1981) 1964: a conquista do estado. Petrópolis: Vozes.Google Scholar
Durand, Francisco and Silva, Eduardo (eds.) (forthcoming) Organized Business, Economic Change, and Democracy in Latin America. Coral Gables: North-South Center, 1998.Google Scholar
Estado de São Paulo (1996a) 20 May: 2-2.Google Scholar
Estado de São Paulo (1996b) 22 May.Google Scholar
Estado de São Paulo (1996c) 19 June: B6.Google Scholar
Estado de São Paulo (1996d) 21 November: B-9.Google Scholar
Exame (São Paulo) (1992) 22 July: 29.Google Scholar
Federação das Indústrias do Estado de São Paulo (FIESP) (1990) Livre para crescer. São Paulo: FIESP.Google Scholar
Figueiredo, Rubens (1993) “Brasil e Espanha: o papel dos empresários no processo de transição para a democracia,” in Diniz, Eli (ed.) Empresários e modernização econômica. Florianópolis: UFSC.Google Scholar
Fleischer, David (1995) “Brazilian Politics: Structures, Elections, Parties, and Political Groups (1985-1995).” Washington, D.C.: Institute of Brazilian Issues, George Washington University.Google Scholar
Folha de São Paulo (1996a) 7 May.Google Scholar
Folha de São Paulo (1996b) 23 May: 14.Google Scholar
Folha de São Paulo (1996c) 12 December: 1-1, 1-4, 1-5.Google Scholar
Folha de São Paulo (1995a) 7 May.Google Scholar
Folha de São Paulo (1995b) 15 May: 1-7.Google Scholar
Folha de São Paulo (1993a) 16 January: 1-7.Google Scholar
Folha de São Paulo (1993b) 28 January: 1-8.Google Scholar
Folha de São Paulo (1992) 15 December: 1-4.Google Scholar
Folha de São Paulo (1991) 31 January: A-10.Google Scholar
Frieden, Jeffry A. (1991) Debt, Development, and Democracy: Modern Political Economy and Latin America, 1965-1985. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Garrido, N., Celso, , (ed.) (1988) Empresarios y estado en América Latina: crisisy transformaciones. MexicoCity: Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE).Google Scholar
Gazeta do Povo (Curitiba) (1996) 18 May: 12.Google Scholar
Gazeta Mercantil (São Paulo) (1996) 4 November: A-6.Google Scholar
Gazeta Mercantil (São Paulo) (1995) 19 October: A-6.Google Scholar
Gazeta Mercantil (São Paulo) (1992) Balanço Anual. São Paulo: Gazeta Mercantil.Google Scholar
Gazeta Mercantil (São Paulo) (1989) Balanço Anual. São Paulo: Gazeta Mercantil.Google Scholar
Gazeta Mercantil (São Paulo) (1984) Balanço Anual. São Paulo: Gazeta Mercantil.Google Scholar
O Globo (Rio de Janeiro) (1996) 24 May: 4.Google Scholar
O Globo (Rio de Janeiro) (1995) 25 October: 1-19.Google Scholar
Haggard, Stephan and Kaufman, Robert (1995) The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Instituto de Estudos Sociais, Económicos, e Políticos de São Paulo (IDESP) (1990) “As elites brasileiras e a modernização do setor público.” Relatório de Pesquisa (research report). São Paulo: IDESP.Google Scholar
Instituto de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento Industrial (IEDI) (1992) “Financas industrializantes para a estabilizacáo e o desenvolvimento.” São Paulo. December.Google Scholar
Instituto de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento Industrial (IEDI) (1993) Confidential author interviews with IEDI members. January.Google Scholar
Istoé (São Paulo) (1992) 5 August.Google Scholar
Jeha, Roberto Nicolau (1993) First secretary of FIESP. Author interview. São Paulo, 28 January.Google Scholar
Jornal do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro) (1995) 16 April: 2.Google Scholar
Jornal do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro) (1988) 4 September, cited in Figueiredo 1993: 58.Google Scholar
Jornal da Tarde (São Paulo) (1996) 20 November: 9-14.Google Scholar
Kandir, António (1995). PSDB Deputy, national congress. Author interviews, Brasília, 24, 25 May.Google Scholar
Kinzo, Maria D'Alva (Forthcoming) “Funding Parties and Elections in Brazil,” in Burnell, Peter and Ware, Alan (eds.) Funding Political Parties in Emerging Democracies. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Leff, Nathaniel H. (1968) Economic Pqlicy-Making and Development in Brazil, 1947-1964. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott (1995) “Democracy in Brazil and the Southern Cone: Achievements and Problems.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 37, 1 (Spring): 113–179.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott (1992-93) “Brazilian Party Underdevelopment in Comparative Perspective.” Political Science Quarterly 107, 4 (Winter): 677–707.Google Scholar
Martins, Luciano (1968) Industralização, burgesia nacional e desenvolvimento (introdução à crise brasileira). Rio de Janeiro: Saga.Google Scholar
Minella, Ary Cesar (1988) Banqueiros: organização e poder político no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Espaço e Tempo/ANPOCS.Google Scholar
Moe, Terry M. (1980) The Organization of Interests: Incentives and the Internal Dynamics of Political Interest Groups. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur (1982) The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Payne, Leigh (1994) Brazilian Industrialists and Democratic Change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Payne, Leigh (1991) “The Traditional Right in New Democracies: The Landed Elite in Brazil.” Paper presented at the 17th LASA Congress, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Roxborough, Ian (1992) “Inflation and Social Pacts in Brazil and Mexico.” Journal of Latin American Studies 24, 3 (October): 639–664.Google Scholar
Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, Stephens, Evelyne Huber, and Stephens, John D. (1992) Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Schattschneider, E. E. (1935) Politics, Pressures, and the Tariff. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Schmitter, Philippe C. (1992) “The Consolidation of Democracy and the Representation of Social Groups.” American Behavioral Scientist 35, 4-5 (March-June): 422–449.Google Scholar
Schmitter, Philippe C. (1971) Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, Ben Ross (1995) “El abrazo esquivo: sinergia entre el sector privado y el estado en los países de industralización reciente.” Política y Gobierno (Mexico City) 2, 1: 5–41.Google Scholar
Schneider, Ben Ross (1991a) Politics Within the State: Elite Bureaucrats and Industrial Policy in Authoritarian Brazil. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, Ben Ross (1991b) “Brazil Under Collor: Anatomy of a Crisis.” World Policy Journal 8, 2 (Spring): 321–347.Google Scholar
Schneider, Ben Ross (1987) “Framing the State: Economic Policy and Political Representation in Post-Authoritarian Brazil,” in Wirth, John D., de Oliveira Nunes, Edson, and Bogenschild, Thomas E. (eds.) State and Society in Brazil. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, Ben Ross and Maxfield, Sylvia (1998) “Business, the State, and Economic Performance in Developing Countries,” in Maxfield, and Schneider, (eds.) Business and the State in Developing Countries. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Helen (1991) “Brazil: Managing Structural Change in the ‘90s.” Harvard Business School, Case N9-391-206.Google Scholar
SINDUSCON (Sindicato da Indústria da Constrção Civil) (1993) Association leader. Author interview. São Paulo, 27 January.Google Scholar
Streeck, Wolfgang and Schmitter, Philippe C. (1985) “Community, Market, State—And Associations? The Prospective Contribution of Interest Governance to Social Order,” in Streeck, and Schmitter, (eds.) Private Interest Government: Beyond Market and State. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Suleiman, Ezra N. (1978) Elites in French Society: The Politics of Survival. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Suzigan, Wilson (1988) “Estado e industrialização no Brasil.” Revista de Economía Política 8, 4 (October-December): 5–16.Google Scholar
Toledo, Roberto Pómpeu de (1992) “A pirâmide e o vazio.” Veja (São Paulo), 29 July: 78-89.Google Scholar
Veja (São Paulo) (1993) “Without Ideas of Its Own, FIESP Follows Brasília.” 6 January: 69.Google Scholar
Villares, Paulo (1993) President, Industrias Villares. Author interview. 27 January.Google Scholar
Weyland, Kurt (1996a) Democracy Without Equity: Failures of Reform in Brazil. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Weyland, Kurt (1996b) “The Fragmentation of Business in Brazil.” In Francisco Durand and Eduardo Silva (eds.) “Business Peak Associations in Latin America.” Unpublished book manuscript.Google Scholar
Weyland, Kurt (1992) “The Dispersion of Business Influence in Brazil's New Democracy.” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar