Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T20:51:24.910Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Redefining Civil-Military Relations in Honduras

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

J. Mark Ruhl
J. Mark Ruhl*
Affiliation:
Dickinson College in Carlisle, PA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

During the last two decades, military rulers have been replaced by democratically elected civilian governments throughout Latin America. Nevertheless, scholars (Mainwaring et al., 1992:3,8) contend that nearly all contemporary Latin American polities remain unconsolidated democratic regimes principally because civilian control over the armed forces has not yet been established. Although the armed forces have returned to their barracks, they have retained considerable political and institutional autonomy. A number of scholars (Loveman, 1994; Agüero, 1992; and others) emphasize that most Latin American constitutions still recognize the military's right to intervene when the constitutional order is threatened. The armed forces are also generally granted broad jurisdiction over internal security, as well as the freedom to organize their institution without civilian interference. There is a considerable body of opinion which maintains that fears of military intervention continue to constrain the behavior of civilian politicians and social groups (Valenzuela, 1992; O'Donnell and Schmitter, 1986; Rouquié, 1986; and Rial, 1990).

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Volume 38 , Issue 1 , Spring 1996 , pp. 33 - 66
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agüero, F. (1992) “The Military and Limits to Democratization in South America,” pp. 153–198 in Mainwaring, Scott, O'Donnell, Guillermo, and Samuel Valenzuela, J. (eds.) Issues in Democratic Consolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspective. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Arcos, C. (1995) Author interview with former US Ambassador at the State Department; Washington (DC); March.Google Scholar
Azcona Hoyo, J. (1995) Author interview with former Honduran president; Tegucigalpa (Honduras); March.Google Scholar
Center for Justice and International Law and Human Rights Watch/Americas (1994) The Facts Speak for Themselves: Preliminary Report on Disappearances of the National Commissioner for the Protection of Human Rights in Honduras. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Central America Report (1994) “Honduras: Step Back on Draft.” 21, 30 (12 August): 3.Google Scholar
Central America Report (1991) “Honduras: Military Resists Budget Cuts.” 18,22 (14 June): 169-170.Google Scholar
Dlx, R. (1994) “Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America.” Armed Forces and Society 20, 3 (Spring): 439–456.Google Scholar
Flores, E. (1995) “National Security,” pp. 209–248 in Merrill, Tim L. (ed.) Honduras: A Country Study. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Funes, M. (1995) Los deliberantes: El Poder militar en Honduras. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Editorial Guaymuras.Google Scholar
Honduras: Boletín Informativo (Tegucigalpa) (1995a) “Relaciones cívicomilitares.” 167 (March): 7, 11-12.Google Scholar
Honduras: Boletín Informativo (Tegucigalpa) (1995b) “Situación de los derechos humanos en Honduras.” 167 (March): 8-9, 13-14.Google Scholar
Honduras: Boletín Informativo (Tegucigalpa) (1995c) “Acontecer económico.” 168 (April): 5-6.Google Scholar
Honduras: Boletín Informativo (Tegucigalpa) (1994a) “Relaciones cívico-militares.” 164 (December): 5-7.Google Scholar
Honduras: Boletín Informativo (Tegucigalpa) (1994b) “Relaciones cívico-militares.” 163 (November): 7,10-11.Google Scholar
Honduras: Boletín Informativo (Tegucigalpa) (1994c) “Acontecer económico.” 153 Oanuary): 10-11.Google Scholar
Hunter, W. (1995) “Politicians Against Soldiers: Contesting the Military in Postauthoritarian Brazil.” Comparative Politics 27, 4 (July): 425–445.Google Scholar
Huntington, S. (1991) The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Huntington, S. (1968) Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Latin American Weekly Report (1994) “Honduras: Discua Blinks, Políticos Charge.” 94, 12 (31 March): 137.Google Scholar
Loveman, B. (1994) “‘Protected Democracies’ and Military Guardianship: Political Transitions in Latin America, 1978-1993.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36, 2 (Summer): 105–189.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, S., O'Donnell, G. and Valenzuela, S. (1992) “Introduction,” pp. 1–16 in Mainwaring, Scott, O'Donnell, Guillermo, and Samuel Valenzuela, J. (eds.) Issues in Democratic Consolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspective. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Martinez, J. (1994a) “Los militares: su peso específico en la vida política Hondurena (part one).” Tiempos Nuevos (Tegucigalpa) 1, 2 (March): 16–21.Google Scholar
Martinez, J. (1994b) “Los militares: su peso específico en la vida política Hondureña (part two).” Tiempos Nuevos 1, 3 (May): 34–36.Google Scholar
Meza, V. (1988) “The Military: Willing to Deal.” NACLA Report on the Americas 22, 1 (January/February): 14–21.Google Scholar
(The) Miami Herald (1996) “A General Rises as Military Weakens.” (20 January): 19-A.Google Scholar
Millett, R. (1995) “An End to Militarism?: Democracy and the Armed Forces in Central America.” Current History 94, 589 (February): 71–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molina Chocano, G. (1995) “Gobernabilidad y reforma del estado en Centroamérica.” Revista de Defensa Nacional (Tegucigalpa) 2, 1 (March): 5–13.Google Scholar
Morris, J. (1984) Honduras: Caudillo Politics and Military Rulers. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, G. and Schmitter, P. (1986) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Pion-Berun, D. (1995) “The Armed Forces and Politics: Gains and Snares in Recent Scholarship.” Latin American Research Review 30, 1: 147–162.Google Scholar
Pion-Berun, D. (1992) “Military Autonomy and Emerging Democracies in South America.” Comparative Politics 25, 1 (October): 83–102.Google Scholar
Rial, J. (1990) “The Armed Forces and Democracy: The Interests of Latin American Military Corporations in Sustaining Democratic Regimes,” pp. 277–295 in Goodman, Louis W., Mendelson, Johanna S. R., and Rial, Juan (eds.) The Military and Democracy: The Future of Civil-Military Relations in Latin America. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Ropp, S. (1992) “Explaining the Long-Term Maintenance of a Military Regime: Panama before the U.S. Invasion.” World Politics 44, 2 (January): 210–234.Google Scholar
Ropp, S. (1974) “The Honduran Army in the Sociopolitical Evolution of the Honduran State.” The Americas 30, 4 (April): 504–528.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, M. (1996 forthcoming) “Democracy in Honduras: The Electoral and Political Reality,” pp. 66–83 in Booth, John A. and Seligson, Mitchell A. (eds.) Elections and Democracy in Central America, Revisited. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, M. (1988) “Narcos and Políticos: The Politics of Drug Trafficking in Honduras.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30, 2 & 3 (Summer/Fall): 143–165.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, T. (1995) “Overcoming the Legacies of Dictatorship.” Foreign Affairs 74, 3 (May/June): 134–152.Google Scholar
Rouquie, A. (1986) “Demilitarization and the Institutionalization of Militarydominated Polities in Latin America,” pp. 108–136 in O'Donnell, Guillermo, Schmitter, Philippe C., and Whitehead, Laurence (eds.) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Salomon, L. (1994a) “Honduras: las fuerzas armadas y retos de la consolidación democrática,” pp. 57–83 in Salomón, Leticia (ed.) Los retos de la democracia. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Centro de Documentación de Honduras.Google Scholar
Salomon, L. (1994b) Democratización y sociedad civil en Honduras. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Centro de Documentación de Honduras.Google Scholar
Salomon, L. (1993) “Las dificultades de la reconversión militar en Honduras.” Puntos de Vista (Tegucigalpa) 8 (December): 10–19.Google Scholar
Salomon, L. (1992) Política y militares en Honduras. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Centro de Documentación de Honduras.Google Scholar
Salomon, L. (1985) “The National Security Doctrine in Honduras: Analysis of the Fall of General Gustavo Alvarez Martinez,” pp. 197–207 in Peckenham, Nancy and Street, Annie (eds.) Honduras: Portrait of a Captive Nation. New York, NY: Praeger.Google Scholar
Salomon, L. (1982) Militarismo y reformismo enHonduras. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Editorial Guaymuras.Google Scholar
Schulz, D. and Schulz, D. (1994) The United States, Honduras, and the Crisis in Central America. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Sieder, R. (1995) “Honduras: The Politics of Exception and Military Reformism, 1972-1978.” Journal of Latin American Studies 27, 1 (February): 99–127.Google Scholar
Sieder, R. and Dunkerley, J. (1994) The Military in Central America: The Challenge of Transition (Occasional Papers, No. 5). London, England: University of London, Institute of Latin American Studies.Google Scholar
Stepan, A. (1988) Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tiempo (1994) “Así quedó distribuido el presupuesto de 1995” (16 December).Google Scholar
Tiempos Nuevos (1994a) “Confidencias.” 1, 3 (May): 45.Google Scholar
Tiempos Nuevos (1994b) “Desafortunado debut del delfín.” 1, 6 (August): 2.Google Scholar
Tiempos Nuevos (1994c) “Confidencias.” 1, 4 (June): 56.Google Scholar
US Embassy (Tegucigalpa) (1993) “Ayuda militar de los Estados Unidos a Honduras, 1981-1992” (2 pp. handout).Google Scholar
US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (1994) Confiscated Property of American Citizens Overseas: Cases in Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Valenzuela, S. (1992) “Democratic Consolidation in Post-Transitional Settings: Notion, Process, and Facilitating Conditions,” pp. 57–104 in Mainwaring, Scott, O'Donnell, Guillermo, and Samuel Valenzuela, J. (eds.) Issues in Democratic Consolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspective. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Walter, K. and Williams, P. (1993) “The Military and Democratization in El Salvador.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 35, 1 (Spring): 39–88.Google Scholar
Zagorski, P. (1994) “Civil-Military Relations and Argentine Democracy: The Armed Forces under the Menem Government.” Armed Forces and Society 20, 3 (Spring): 423–437.Google Scholar
Zagorski, P. (1992) Democracy vs. National Security: Civil-Military Relations in Latin America. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar