Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T21:07:26.544Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Institutions, uncertainty, and entrepreneurial judgment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2021

Claus Wiemann Frølund*
Affiliation:
School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Hønefoss, Norway
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Entrepreneurial action takes place in a context of Knightian uncertainty. In order to overcome this uncertainty, entrepreneurs engage in a process of judgment resulting in a decision about the course of action. Institutions arise mainly to reduce economic friction by providing structure to human interaction and thus reducing uncertainty. However, institutions may also introduce further uncertainty and thus disrupt the judgment process preceding entrepreneurial action. The present paper builds upon recent efforts to integrate the concepts of uncertainty and institutions within the entrepreneurial context. Drawing on Frank H. Knight's seminal insight, the judgment-based view of entrepreneurship, and relevant concepts of entrepreneurial outcomes, the main contribution of the paper lies in the development of a model offering a coherent description of the way institutions affect uncertainty and the entrepreneurial process.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Millennium Economics Ltd.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alvarez, S. A. and Barney, J. B. (2005), ‘How do Entrepreneurs Organize Firms Under Conditions of Uncertainty?’, Journal of Management, 31: 776793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvarez, S. A. and Barney, J. B. (2007), ‘Discovery and Creation: Alternative Theories of Entrepreneurial Action’, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1: 1126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asmussen, C. G., Foss, K., Foss, N. J. and Klein, P. G. (2021), ‘Economizing and Strategizing: How Coalitions and Transaction Costs Shape Value Creation and Appropriation’, Strategic Management Journal, 42: 413434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bastiat, F. (1873), Essays on Political Economy, London: Provost and Co.Google Scholar
Baumol, W. J. (1990), ‘Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive’, Journal of Political Economy, 98: 893921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjørnskov, C. and Foss, N. (2013), ‘How Strategic Entrepreneurship and the Institutional Context Drive Economic Growth’, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7: 5069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjørnskov, C. and Foss, N. J. (2016), ‘Institutions, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Growth: What Do We Know and What Do We Still Need to Know?’, Academy of Management Perspectives, 30: 292315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boettke, P. J. and Coyne, C. J. (2009), ‘Context Matters: Institutions and Entrepreneurship’, Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 5(3): 135209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boettke, P. J. and Piano, E. E. (2016), ‘Baumol's Productive and Unproductive Entrepreneurship after 25 Years’, Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 5(2): 130144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunetti, A. and Weder, B. (1998), ‘Investment and Institutional Uncertainty: A Comparative Study of Different Uncertainty Measures’, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 134: 513533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruton, G. D., Ahlstrom, D. and Li, H. L. (2010), ‘Institutional Theory and Entrepreneurship: Where are We Now and Where Do We Need to Move in the Future?’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34: 421440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bylund, P. L. (2016), The Seen, the Unseen, and the Unrealized: How Regulations Affect our Everyday Lives, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Bylund, P. L. and Manish, G. P. (2016), ‘The Mises-Knight Theory of Uncertainty and Its Implications for Entrepreneurship, Equilibrium, and the Theory of the Firm’, Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, 34: 305336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bylund, P. L. and McCaffrey, M. (2017), ‘A Theory of Entrepreneurship and Institutional Uncertainty’, Journal of Business Venturing, 32: 461475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantillon, R. ([1755] 2010), An Essay on Economic Theory, Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.Google Scholar
Carree, M. A. and Thurik, A. R. (2010), ‘The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth’, in Acs, Z., and Audretsch, D. B. (eds), Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research. International Handbook Series on Entrepreneurship, 5, New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Coyne, C. J. and Boettke, P. J. (2009), ‘The Problem of Credible Commitment in Reconstruction’, Journal of Institutional Economics, 5: 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F. and Shleifer, A. (2002), ‘The Regulation of Entry’, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117: 137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douhan, R. and Henrekson, M. (2010), ‘Entrepreneurship and Second-Best Institutions: Going Beyond Baumol's Typology’, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 20: 629643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elert, N. and Henrekson, M. (2015), ‘Evasive Entrepreneurship and Institutional Change’, IFN Working Paper.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elert, N., Henrekson, M. and Lundblad, J. (2016), Two Sides to the Evasion: The Pirate Bay and the Interdependencies of Evasive Entrepreneurship.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmett, R. B. (2021), ‘Uncertainty and the Social Organization of Economic Activity’, Journal of Institutional Economics, 113.Google Scholar
Endres, A. M. and Harper, D. A. (2013), ‘“Wresting Meaning From the Market”: A Reassessment of Ludwig Lachmann's Entrepreneur’, Journal of Institutional Economics, 9: 303328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foss, N. J. and Klein, P. G. (2012), Organizing Entrepreneurial Judgment: A New Approach to the Firm, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foss, N. J. and Klein, P. G. (2015), ‘The Judgment-Based Approach to Entrepreneurship: Accomplishments, Challenges, New Directions’, Journal of Institutional Economics, 11: 585599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foss, N. J. and Klein, P. G. (2020), ‘Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Who Needs Them?’, Academy of Management Perspectives, 34(3): 366377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foss, N. J., Klein, P. G. and McCaffrey, M. (2019), Austrian Perspectives on Entrepreneurship, Strategy, and Organization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foss, N. J., Klein, P. G., Kor, Y. Y. and Mahoney, J. T. (2008), ‘Entrepreneurship, Subjectivism, and the Resource-Based View: Toward a New Synthesis’, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2: 7394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, M. (1977), ‘Nobel Lecture: Inflation and Unemployment’, Journal of Political Economy, 85: 451472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J. C. and Sobel, R. S. (2008), ‘Institutions, Entrepreneurship, and Regional Differences in Economic Growth’, Southern Journal of Entrepreneurship, 1: 6996.Google Scholar
Hayek, F. A. (1945), ‘The Use of Knowledge in Society’, The American Economic Review, 35: 519530.Google Scholar
Henrekson, M. and Sanandaji, T. (2011), ‘The Interaction of Entrepreneurship and Institutions’, Journal of Institutional Economics, 7: 4775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higgs, R. (1997), ‘Regime Uncertainty: Why the Great Depression Lasted So Long and Why Prosperity Resumed After the War’, The Independent Review, 1: 561590.Google Scholar
Kirzner, I. M. (1982), ‘Uncertainty, Discovery, and Human Action: A Study of the Entrepreneurial Profile in the Misesian System’, in Kirzner, I. M. (ed), Method, Process, and Austrian Economics, Washington, DC: Heath and Company, pp. 139159.Google Scholar
Klein, P. G. (2016), ‘An Austrian Perspective on Firms and Markets: My Contributions to Entrepreneurship Theory’, in Audretsch, D. B. and Lehmann, E. E. (eds), The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Modern Entrepreneurship, London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 146153.Google Scholar
Knight, F. H. (1921), Risk, Uncertainty and Profit, New York, NY: August M. Kelley.Google Scholar
Kor, Y. Y., Mahoney, J. T. and Michael, S. C. (2007), ‘Resources, Capabilities and Entrepreneurial Perceptions’, Journal of Management Studies, 44: 11871212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kreft, S. F. and Sobel, R. S. (2005), ‘Public Policy, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Freedom’, Cato Journal, 25: 595.Google Scholar
Laine, I. and Galkina, T. (2017), ‘The Interplay of Effectuation and Causation in Decision Making: Russian SMEs Under Institutional Uncertainty’, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13: 905941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malone, T., Koumpias, A. M. and Bylund, P. L. (2019), ‘Entrepreneurial Response to Interstate Regulatory Competition: Evidence from a Behavioral Discrete Choice Experiment’, Journal of Regulatory Economics, 55: 172192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCaffrey, M. (2015), Economic Policy and Entrepreneurship: Alertness or Judgment? The Next Generation of Austrian Economics: Essays in Honor of Joseph T. Salerno, edited by Per Bylund and David Howden (Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2015).Google Scholar
McCaffrey, M. (2018), ‘William Baumol's ‘Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive’’, in Javadian, G., Gupta, V. K., Dutta, D. K., Guo, G. C., Osorio, A. E., and Ozkazanc-Pan, B. (eds), Foundational Research in Entrepreneurship Studies, London: Palgrave MacMillan, pp.179201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMullen, J. S. (2015), ‘Entrepreneurial Judgment as Empathic Accuracy: A Sequential Decision-Making Approach to Entrepreneurial Action’, Journal of Institutional Economics, 11: 651681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMullen, J. S. and Shepherd, D. A. (2006), ‘Entrepreneurial Action and the Role of Uncertainty in the Theory of the Entrepreneur’, Academy of Management Review, 31: 132152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mises, L. V. (1944), Bureaucracy, New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Mises, L. V. ([1949] 1998), Human Action: A Treatise on Economics, Scholars Edition, Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.Google Scholar
Nabisaalu, J. K. and Bylund, P. L. (2021), ‘Knight, Financial Institutions, and Entrepreneurship in Developing Economies’, Journal of Institutional Economics, 115.Google Scholar
North, D. C. (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Packard, M. D., Clark, B. B. and Klein, P. G. (2017), ‘Uncertainty Types and Transitions in the Entrepreneurial Process’, Organization Science, 28: 840856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothbard, M. N. ([1962] 2004), Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market. Scholar's Edition, Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.Google Scholar
Sarasvathy, S. D. and Dew, N. (2013), ‘Without Judgment: An Empirically-Based Entrepreneurial Theory of the Firm’, The Review of Austrian Economics, 26: 277296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schumpeter, J. A. (1939), Business Cycles, New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Seligson, D. and McCants, A. E. (2021), ‘Coevolving Institutions and the Paradox of Informal Constraints’, Journal of Institutional Economics, 17: 359378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seo, M.-G. and Creed, W. D. (2002), ‘Institutional Contradictions, Praxis, and Institutional Change: A Dialectical Perspective’, Academy of Management Review, 27: 222247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stenholm, P., Acs, Z. J. and Wuebker, R. (2013), ‘Exploring Country-Level Institutional Arrangements on the Rate and Type of Entrepreneurial Activity’, Journal of Business Venturing, 28: 176193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webb, J. W., Tihanyi, L., Ireland, R. D. and Sirmon, D. G. (2009), ‘You Say Illegal, I Say Legitimate: Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy’, Academy of Management Review, 34: 492510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, O. E. (1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Wood, M. S., Bylund, P. and Bradley, S. (2016), ‘The Influence of Tax and Regulatory Policies on Entrepreneurs’ Opportunity Evaluation Decisions’, Management Decision, 54(5): 11601182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar